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Terabit Superchannel Transmission: A Nyquist-WDM Approach

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ZTE Communications 2012年第4期10卷 39-44页

作者： hung-chang chien Jianjun Yu Zhensheng Jia Ze Dong Optics Lab ZTE USA Inc. MorristownNJ 07960 USA ZTE Corporation Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China

In this work, we focus on enhancing the network reach in terabit superchannel transmission by using a noise-suppressed Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing （NS-N-WDM） technique for polarization multiplexing quadrature phase-shift keying （PM-QPSK） subchannels at different symbol-rate-to-subchannel-spacing ratios up to 1.28. For the first time, we experimentally compare the transmission reach of this emerging technique with that of no-guard-interval coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （NGI-CO-OFDM） on the same testbed. At BER of 2 x 10 3 and 100 Gbit/s per channel, an NGI-CO-OFDM terabit superchannel can transmit over a maximum of 3200 km SMF-28 with EDFA-only amplification, and an NS-N-WDM terabit superchannel can transmit over a maximum of 2800 km SMF-28 with EDFA-only amplification. Assuming different coding gain, 11 x 112 Gbit/s per channel with hard-decision （HD） forward-error correction （FEC） and 11 × 128 Gbit/s per channel NS-N-WDM transmission with soft-decision （SD） FEC can be achieved over a maximum of 2100 km and 2170 km, respectively. These are almost equal and were achieved using digital noise filtering and one-bit maximum likelihood sequence estimation （MLSE） at the receiver DSP. Characteristics including the back-to-back （BTB） curves, the ADC bandwidth requirement, and the tolerance to unequal subchannel power of an NS-N-WDM superchannel were also evaluated.

关键词： optical OFDM Nyquist WDM MLSE

Field Transmission of 100G and Beyond:Multiple Baud Rates and Mixed Line Rates Using Nyquist-WDM Technology

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ZTE Communications 2012年第3期10卷 28-38页

作者： Zhensheng Jia Jianjun Yu hung-chang chien Ze Dong Di Huo ZTE USA MorristownNJ 07960USA

In this paper, we describe successful joint experiments with Deutsche Telecom on long-haul transmission of 100G and beyond over standard single mode fiber （SSMF） and with in-line EDFA-only amplification. The transmission link consists of 8 nodes and 950 km installed SSMF in DT＇ s optical infrastructure. Laboratory SSMF was added for extended optical reach. The first field experiment involved transmission of 8 x 216.8 Gbit/s Nyquist-WDM signals over 1750 km with 21.6 dB average loss per span. Each channel, modulated by a 54.2 Gbaud PDM-CSRZ-QPSK signal, is on a 50 GHz grid, which produces a net spectral efficiency （SE） of 4 bit/s/Hz. We also describe mixed-data-rate transmission coexisting with 1T, 400G, and 100G channels. The 400G channel uses four independent subcarriers modulated by 28 Gbaud PDM-QPSK signals. This yields a net SE of 4 bit/s/Hz, and 13 optically generated subcarriers from a single optical source are used in the 1T channel with 25 Gbaud PDM-QPSK modulation. The 100G signal uses real-time coherent PDM-QPSK transponder with 15% overhead of soft-decision forward-error correction （SD-FEC）. The digital post filter and 1 -bit maximum-likelihood sequence estimation （MLSE） are introduced at the receiver DSP to suppress noise, linear crosstalk, and filtering effects. Our results show that future 400G and 1T channels that use Nyquist WDM can transmit over long-haul distances with higher SE and using the same QPSK format.

关键词： coherent detection field trial coherent optical OFDM Nyquist WDM MLSE

Analysis of Critical Factors in Manufacturing by Adopting a Cloud Computing Service

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第7期42卷 213-227页

作者： Hsin-Pin Fu Tsung-Sheng chang chien-hung Liu Li-Chun Liu Department of Marketing and Distribution Management National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung(824)Taiwan Department of Information Management Da-Yeh UniversityChanghua(515)Taiwan Graduate Institute of Management National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung(824)Taiwan

The advantages of a cloud computing service are cost advantages,availability,scalability,ﬂexibility,reduced time to market,and dynamic access to computing *** can improve the successful adoption rate of cloud computing services if they understand the critical ***ﬁnd critical factors,this studyﬁrst reviewed the literature and established a three-layer hierarch-ical factor table for adopting a cloud computing service based on the Technology-Organization-Environment ***,a hybrid method that combines two multi-criteria decision-making tools—called the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process method and the concept of VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje acceptable advantage—was used to objectively identify critical factors for the adop-tion of a cloud computing service,replacing the subjective decision of the *** results of this study determinedﬁve critical factors,namely data access secur-ity,information transmission security,senior management support,fallback cloud management,and employee ***,the paper presents theﬁndings and implications of the study.

关键词： Cloud computing service multi-criteria decision-making critical factors fuzzy analytic network process vlseKriterijumska optimizacija i kompromisno resenje technology-organization-environment

Injury-induced rapid activation of MAPK signaling in dechorionated eggs and larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 248-258页

作者： Shi-Hong Gu chien-hung Chen Department of Biology National Museum of Natural Science Taichung Taiwan China Chung Hwa University of Medical Technol-ogy Tainan County Taiwan China

Previous study showed that diapause in Bombyx mori eggs can be ter- minated by dechorionation and that activation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） in dechorionated cultured eggs is involved in diapause termination. In the present study, the possible mechanism underlying activation of ERK upon dechorionation was further investigated. Results showed that me- chanical injury of diapause eggs without medium incubation also resulted in rapid increase in the phospho-ERK levels and that injury increased the phospho-ERK levels at different stages of both diapause eggs and eggs in which diapause initiation was prevented by HC1. Effects of anaerobiosis on dechorionation-stimulated phospho-ERK levels showed that the mechanical injury itself but not the dramatic increase in oxygen uptake upon injury is in- volved in a rapid activation of ERK. Chemical anaerobiosis on dechorionation-stimulated phospho-ERK levels and the in vivo effect of anaerobiosis showed that the supply of oxygen also plays a role in ERK signaling. In addition, injury induced the phosphory- lation of c-jun N-terminal kinases （JNKs） and p38 kinase, components of two parallel MAPK pathways. A kinase assay showed a dramatic increase in .INK kinase activity in egg lysates upon injury. When newly hatched first instar larvae were injured, an increase in the phospho-ERK levels similar to that in dechorionated eggs was observed. From the results, we hypothesize that the injury-induced rapid activation of MAPK signaling, which serves as a natural signal for embryonic development, is related to diapause termination in dechorionated eggs.

关键词： Bombyx mori dechorionation embryonic diapause ERK phosphorylation injury MAPK

Hepatitis B and C viruses are not risks for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 5060-5065页

作者： Ming-Chu chang chien-hung Chen Ja-Der Liang Yu-Wen Tien Chiun Hsu Jau-Min Wong Yu-Ting chang Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Department of Surgery National Taiwan University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Oncology College of MedicineNational Taiwan University

AIM: To investigate whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) increase risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Risk Endemic disease Diabetes mellitus

Numerical Simulation of the Motion of A Floating Body with Partially Filled Tanks by A Pressure-Convection Particle Method

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China Ocean Engineering 2010年第3期24卷 401-416页

作者： hung-Pin chien Jen-Shiang KOUH Yen-Jen CHEN Institute of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering National Taiwan University Department of Multimedia and Game Science Lunghwa University of Science Technology

The moving particle semi-implicit（MPS）method has demonstrated its usefulness in practical engineering *** it has wide applicability,it is still hard to predict the pressure precisely using the MPS method.A pressure-convection particle method based on the MPS method is proposed to overcome this *** improved performance of this new method is validated with computational and measured *** approach is also applied to compute the problem of sloshing associated with floating body motion in *** pressure-convection MPS method demonstrated its capability to improve the prediction of pressure.

关键词： pressure-convection particle method impact pressure heaving motion rolling motion

On the Current Error Based Sampled-data Iterative Learning Control with Reduced Memory Capacity

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2015年第3期12卷 307-315页

作者： Chiang-Ju chien Yu-Chung hung Rong-Hu Chi Department of Electronic Engineering Huafan University School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology

The design of iterative learning controller(ILC) requires to store the system input, output or control parameters of previous trials for generating the input of the current trial. In order to apply the iterative learning controller for a real application and reduce the memory size for implementation, a current error based sampled-data proportional-derivative(PD) type iterative learning controller is proposed for control systems with initial resetting error, input disturbance and output measurement noise in this *** proposed iterative learning controller is simple and effective. The first contribution in this paper is to prove the learning error convergence via a rigorous technical analysis. It is shown that the learning error will converge to a residual set if a forgetting factor is introduced in the controller. All the theoretical results are also shown by computer simulations. The second main contribution is to realize the iterative learning controller by a digital circuit using a field programmable gate array(FPGA) chip applied to repetitive position tracking control of direct current(DC) motors. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed current error based sampleddata iterative learning controller are demonstrated by the experiment results. Finally, the relationship between learning performance and design parameters are also discussed extensively.

关键词： Iterative learning control current error sampled-data system memory capacity field programmable gate array(FPGA) chip.

Role of autophagy in therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第9期4卷 10-19页

作者： Chia-hung chien Wei-Ting Hsueh Jian-Ying Chuang Kwang-Yu chang National Institute of Cancer Research National Health Research InstitutesTainan 70456Taiwan Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031Taiwan The Ph.D.Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11503Taiwan Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan 70403Taiwan Department of Oncology School of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology National Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403Taiwan

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant brain tumor, exhibit a mean survival of less than 1.5 years. Despite treatment, the disease eventually develops resistance, resulting in disease relapse. Autophagy is a process of degradation and clearance that is activated to maintain cellular homeostasis. Its roles in cancer disease course and the treatment response, however, are controversial. In GBM, accumulating evidence has indicated that autophagy can protect cells, especially those with stemness features, causing the development of cell resistance. In this review, we discuss the impact of the cell reaction to currently active treatments, including temozolomide, radiation, tumor treating fields, bevacizumab (Avastin), etoposide (VP-16), cisplatin (CDDP), and carmustine (BCNU). Most of these induce the up-regulation of autophagy through signaling pathways of DNA damage response, reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, retinoblastoma, AMP-activated protein kinase, AKT/mTOR and MST4 kinase affecting cell fate by altering cell metabolism, cell death, and DNA repair. Treatment-related autophagy may be modulated by combining autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine or antioxidants to prevent the development of resistance, thus improving cancer treatment.

关键词： Autophagy resistance glioblastoma

Exact Vibration Solutions of Nonhomogeneous Circular,Annular and Sector Membranes

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2012年第2期4卷 250-258页

作者： chang YiWang Wang chien Ming Department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Engineering Science Programme and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore 119260

In this paper,exact vibration frequencies of circular,annular and sector membranes with a radial power law density are presented for the first *** is found that in general,the sequence of modes may not correspond to increasing azimuthal mode number *** normalized frequency increases with the absolute value of the power index|n|.For a circular membrane,the fundamental frequency occurs at n=0 where n is the number of nodal *** an annular membrane,the frequency increases with respect to the inner radius *** b is close to one,the width 1−b is the dominant factor and the differences in frequencies are *** a sector membrane,n−1 is the number of internal radial nodes and the fundamental frequency occurs at n=*** opening angle b increases the frequency.

关键词： Membrane vibration non-homogeneous exact circular annular sector