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Comparison of Sunshine Duration Measurements between a Jordan Sunshine Recorder and Three Automatic Sensors at Shangdianzi GAW Station

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第4期35卷 716-728页

作者： Huaigang ZHOU Weijun QUAN Zhenfa WANG Xiaolan LI Yingruo LI hujia zhao Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Beijing 100089 Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 110016

We used parallel sunshine duration datasets obtained with a Jordan sunshine recorder and three automatic sunshine duration sensors to investigate the differences between these *** used measurements obtained at Shangdianzi(SDZ)regional Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW)station with a Jordan sunshine recorder,a DFC2 photoelectric sunshine meter,a CHP1 pyrheliometer,and two CMP11 pyranometers from 1 January to 5 July 2019 and from 3 November 2020 to 28 February *** results showed that the daily sunshine duration measurements obtained from the Jordan sunshine recorder were comparable with those from the DFC2 meter and the CMP11 pyranometers under all-sky conditions,but were considerably different from those observed by the CHP1 *** analysis of potential influencing factors showed that the solar zenith angle,the spectral range of the automatic sensors,the relative humidity,and the sky conditions were the main factors affecting the measurements of sunshine duration between the Jordan sunshine recorder and three automatic *** proposed a simple linear regression function-the DFC2-equivalent sunshine duration estimation(DFCESD)model—to guarantee the consistency of the long-term sunshine duration series observed by the Jordan sunshine recorder at SDZ and the measurements from the DFC2 *** of the DFCESD model showed that the mean absolute difference(MAD)between the daily sunshine duration observed by the Jordan sunshine recorder and those from the DFC2 meter improved from-0.7 to-0.2 h day^(-1),the relative deviation(RD)improved from-9.3%to-2.3%,and the root-mean-square deviation(RMSD)decreased from 1.0 to 0.8 h day^(-1).

关键词： sunshine duration Jordan sunshine recorder pyrheliometer pyranometer Shangdianzi station

Characteristics of Boundary Layer Structure during a Persistent Haze Event in the Central Liaoning City Cluster, Northeast China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第2期32卷 302-312页

作者： Xiaolan LI Yangfeng WANG Lidu SHEN Hongsheng ZHANG hujia zhao Yunhai ZHANG Yanjun MA Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological Administration Shenyang 110166 Shenyang Regional Climatic Center Shenyang 110166 Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871

The characteristics of boundary layer structure during a persistent regional haze event over the central Liaoning city cluster of Northeast China from 16 to 21 December 2016 were investigated based on the measurements of particulate matter（PM） concentration and the meteorological data within the atmospheric boundary layer（ABL）. During the observational period, the maximum hourly mean PM_（2.5） and PM10 concentrations in Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, and Benxi ranged from 276 to 355 μg m–3 and from 378 to 442 μg m–3, respectively, and the lowest hourly mean atmospheric visibility（VIS） in different cities ranged from 0.14 to 0.64 km. The central Liaoning city cluster was located in the front of a slowly moving high pressure and was mainly controlled by southerly winds. Wind speed（WS） within the ABL（〈 2 km） decreased significantly and WS at 10-m height mostly remained below 2 m s–1 during the hazy episodes, which was favorable for the accumulation of air pollutants. A potential temperature inversion layer existed throughout the entire ABL during the earlier hazy episode [from 0500 Local Time（LT） 18 December to 1100 LT 19 December], and then a potential temperature inversion layer developed with the bottom gradually decreased from 900 m to 300 m. Such a stable atmospheric stratification further weakened pollutant dispersion. The atmospheric boundary layer height（ABLH） estimated based on potential temperature profiles was mostly lower than 400 m and varied oppositely with PM_（2.5） in Shenyang. In summary, weak winds due to calm synoptic conditions, strong thermal inversion layer, and shallow atmospheric boundary layer contributed to the formation and development of this haze *** backward trajectory analysis revealed the sources of air masses and explained the different characteristics of the haze episodes in the four cities.

关键词： haze event thermal inversion layer atmospheric boundary layer Northeast China

The Significant Contribution of Small-Sized and Spherical Aerosol Particles to the Decreasing Trend in Total Aerosol Optical Depth over Land from 2003 to 2018

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 82-92页

作者： Ke Gui Huizheng Che Lei Li Yu Zheng Lei Zhang hujia zhao Junting Zhong Wenrui Yao Yuanxin Liang Yaqiang Wang Xiaoye Zhang State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 110166China

The optical and microphysical properties of aerosols remain one of the greatest uncertainties associated with evaluating the climate forcing attributed to *** the trends in aerosol optical depth(AOD)at global and regional scales have been widely examined,little attention has been paid to the trends in type-dependent AODs related to aerosol particle ***,using the aerosol optical component dataset from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MISR)instrument,we investigate decadal-scale trends in total aerosol loading as well as AODs for five aerosol components by particle size and morphology during 2003–2018 over *** between the total AOD(TAOD)trends and type-dependent AOD changes were examined,and the relative contribution of each type-dependent AOD to the overall TAOD trends was *** dividing the TAOD values into four different aerosol pollution levels(APLs)with splits at 0.15,0.40,and 0.80,we further explored the relationships between TAOD changes and interannual variations in the frequency-of-occurrences(FoOs)of these ***-term trends in FoOs in the different APLs show that there was a significant improvement in air quality between 2003 and 2018 in most land areas,except South Asia,corresponding to a shift from lightly polluted to clean ***,the effects of different APLs on TAOD changes are regionally dependent and their extent of correlation varied ***,we observed that the annual mean TAOD has decreased by 0.47%.a^(-1)over land since 2003(P<0.05).This significant reduction was mainly attributed to the continued reduction in small-sized(<0.7 mm diameter)AOD(SAOD)(-0.74%.a^(-1))and spherical AOD(SPAOD)(-0.46%.a^(-1)).Statistical analysis shows that SAOD and SPAOD respectively accounted for 57.5%and 89.6%of the TAOD,but contributed 82.6%and 90.4%of the trend in *** study suggests that small-sized and spherical aerosols composed of sulfate,organic matter,and black carbon play a

关键词： AOD MISR Aerosol pollution levels Aerosol type Particle size and morphology

Spatial and temporal distribution of the cloud optical depth over China based on MODIS satellite data during 2003–2016

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 66-81页

作者： Xiaopan Li Huizheng Che Hong Wang Xiang'ao Xia Quanliang Chen Ke Gui hujia zhao Linchang An Yu Zheng Tianze Sun Zhizhong Sheng Chao Liu Xiaoye Zhang Plateau Atmospheric and Environment Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information Technology State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather LASW and Institute of Atmospheric Composition Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesCMA Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geoscience University of Chinese Academy of Science School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University

The cloud optical depth(COD) is one of the important parameters used to characterize atmospheric clouds. We analyzed the seasonal variations in the COD over East Asia in 2011 using cloud mode data from the AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network) ground-based observational network. The applicability of the MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) COD product was verified and compared with the AERONET cloud mode dataset. There was a good correlation between the AERONET and the MODIS. The spatial and temporal distribution and trends in the COD over China were then analyzed using MODIS satellite data from 2003 to 2016. The seasonal changes in the AERONET data and the time sequence variation of the satellite data suggest that the seasonal variations in the COD are significant. The result shows that the COD first decreases and then increases with the season in northern China, and reaches the maximum in summer and minimum in ***, the spatial distribution change is just the opposite in southern China. The spatial variation trend shows the COD in China decreases first with time and gradually increases after 2014. And the trend of COD in the western and central China is consistent with that in China. While the trend of COD shows a continuously increasing over time in northeast China and the Pearl River Delta.

关键词： Sun photometer MODIS COD Verification

Comparison of Two Air Pollution Episodes over Northeast China in Winter 2016/17 Using Ground-Based Lidar

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第2期32卷 313-323页

作者： Yanjun MA hujia zhao Yunsheng DONG Huizheng CHE Xiaoxiao LI Ye HONG Xiaolan LI Hongbin YANG Yuche LIU Yangfeng WANG Ningwei LIU Cuiyan SUN Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological Administration Shenyang 110016 Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Institute of Atmospheric Composition Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Dalian Municipal Meteorological Observatory Dalian 116001 Jinan Center of Aviation Control Jinan 250107

This study analyzes and compares aerosol properties and meteorological conditions during two air pollution episodes in 19–22（E1） and 25–26（E2） December 2016 in Northeast China. The visibility, particulate matter（PM） mass concentration, and surface meteorological observations were examined, together with the planetary boundary layer（PBL） properties and vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficient and volume depolarization ratio that were measured by a ground-based lidar in Shenyang of Liaoning Province, China during December 2016–January *** suggest that the low PBL height led to poor pollution dilution in E1, while the high PBL accompanied by low visibility in E2 might have been due to cross-regional and vertical air transmission. The PM mass concentration decreased as the PBL height increased in E1 while these two variables were positively correlated in E2. The enhanced winds in E2 diffused the pollutants and contributed largely to the aerosol transport. Strong temperature inversion in E1 resulted in increased PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, and the winds in E2 favoured the southwesterly transport of aerosols from the North China Plain into the region surrounding Shenyang. The large extinction coefficient was partially attributed to the local pollution under the low PBL with high ground-surface PM mass concentrations in E1,whereas the cross-regional transport of aerosols within a high PBL and the low PM mass concentration near the ground in E2 were associated with severe aerosol extinction at high altitudes. These results may facilitate better understanding of the vertical distribution of aerosol properties during winter pollution events in Northeast China.

关键词： aerosol pollution ground-based lidar Northeast China

Optical and Radiative Properties of Aerosols during a Severe Haze Episode over the North China Plain in December 2016

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第6期31卷 1045-1061页

作者： Yu ZHENG Huizheng CHE Leiku YANG Jing CHEN Yaqiang WANG Xiangao XIA hujia zhao Hong WANG Deying WANG Ke GUI Linchang AN Tianze SUN Jie YU Xiang KUANG Xin LI Enwei SUN Dapeng zhao Dongsen YANG Zengyuan GUO Tianliang zhao Xiaoye ZHANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather/Institute of Atmospheric Composition of China Meteorological Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000 Shijiazhuang Meteorological Bureau Shijiazhuang 050081 Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 6 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province Changchun 130062 Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling of Ministry of Education Department of Earth System Scienceand Joint Center for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084

The optical and radiative properties of aerosols during a severe haze episode from 15 to 22 December 2016 over Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo in the North China Plain were analyzed based on the ground-based and satellite data, meteorological observations, and atmospheric environmental monitoring data. The aerosol optical depth at 500 nm was 〈 0.30 and increased to 〉 1.4 as the haze pollution developed. The Angstr6m exponent was 〉 0.80 for most of the study period. The daily single-scattering albedo was 〉 0.85 over all of the North China Plain on the most polluted days and was 〉 0.97 on some particular days. The volumes of fine and coarse mode particles during the haze event were approximately 0.05-0.21 and 0.01-0.43 μm^3, respectively-that is, larger than those in the time without haze. The daily absorption aerosol optical depth was about 0.01-0.11 in Beijing, 0.01-0.13 in Shijiazhuang, and 0.01-0.04 in Jiaozuo, and the average absorption Angstrom exponent varied between 0.6 and 2.0. The aerosol radiative forcing at the bottom of the atmosphere varied from -23 to -227, -34 to -199, and -29 to -191 W m^-2 for the whole haze period, while the aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere varied from -4 to -98, -10 to -51, and -21 to -143 W m^-2 in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Jiaozuo, respectively. Satellite observations showed that smoke, polluted dust, and polluted continental components of aerosols may aggravate air pollution during haze episodes. The analysis of the potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory showed that the contribu- tion from local emissions and pollutants transport from upstream areas were 190-450 and 100-410 btg m-3, respectively.

关键词： haze episodes aerosols optical properties radiative forcing North China Plain

Variation in Sunshine Duration and Related Aerosol Influences at Shangdianzi GAW Station, China: 1958–2021

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2023年第4期37卷 551-563页

作者： Weijun QUAN Zhiqiang MA Ziming LI Xiaolan LI Yingruo LI Xiangao XIA Huaigang ZHOU hujia zhao Zhenfa WANG Weiwei PU Fan DONG Di HE Liyan ZHOU Qingfeng SHI Wenyan WANG Fang JIA Beijing Weather Forecast Center Beijing Meteorological ServiceBeijing 100097 Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Beijing Meteorological ServiceBeijing 100097 Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100089 Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 110116 Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029

Sunshine duration(SD) is adopted widely to study global dimming/brightening. However, long-term simultaneous measurements of SD and closely related impact factors require further analysis to elucidate how and why SD has varied during the past decades. In this study, a long-term(1958–2021) SD data series obtained from the Shangdianzi Global Atmosphere Watch(GAW) station in China was analyzed to detect linear trends, climatic jumps, and climatic periods in SD using linear fitting, the Mann–Kendall trend test, and the continuous wavelet transform method. Annual SD exhibited steady dimming(-67.3 h decade-1) before 2010, followed by a period of brightening(189.9 h decade-1)during 2011–2020. An abrupt jump in annual SD occurred in 1995, and the annual SD anomaly exhibited significant oscillation with ~3-yr periodicity during 1960–1978. Partial least squares analysis revealed that annual SD anomaly was associated with variations in relative humidity, gale days, cloud cover, and black carbon(BC). Further analysis of the clear-sky daily sunshine percentage(DSP) and simultaneous measurements of aerosol properties, including aerosol optical depth, aerosol extinction coefficient, single scattering albedo(SSA), BC, and total suspended particulates, suggested that variation in DSP was affected primarily by aerosol scattering and absorption. Furthermore, the hourly clear-sky SD at high aerosol loading was approximately 60% and 56% of that at middle and low aerosol loadings, respectively. The pattern of diurnal variation in clear-sky hourly SD, as well as the actual values, can be affected by the fine particulate concentration, aerosol extinction coefficient, and SSA.

关键词： sunshine duration global dimming/brightening multitemporal-scale variation partial least squares Shangdianzi

Analysis and characteristics of visibility in Shenyang from 2010-2012

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Analysis and characteristics of visibility in Shenyang from ...

十一届全国气溶胶会议暨第十届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会

作者： hujia zhao Huizheng CHE Xiaoye Zhang Yanjun Ma Yangfeng Wang Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) Institute of Atmospheric Composition.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS)CMA University of Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological Administration

Using the visibility data during 2010 to 2012 obtained at Shenyang Atmosphere Observation Center, the relationships between visibility, PM mass concentration and meteorological elements were statistically analyzed. The results show that: The monthly averaged visibility over Shenyang is higher in March and September with values about 19.0±4.3km and 17.1±4.3km, respectively. Low visibilities over Shenyang occur in January about 11.0±4.7km. Among the meteorological elements, wind speed was the main meteorological factor that influenced visibility and the PM mass concentrations. The number of days with visibility ＞19.0 km and visibility ＜10.0 km in Shenyang are 59, 123, 145 and 132, 119, 121 from 2010 to 2012. The relationship between visibility and PM indicated that human activities are already main sources of the pollutants, especially the fine particles which is the most important factor for the deterioration of visibility. The study shows an obvious diurnal variation and weekend effect of visibility and PM which are mainly due to human activities.

关键词： Visibility Particulate Matter Shenyang Northeast China

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辽宁中部城市群大气能见度器测目测差异比较

气象科技 2011年第4期39卷 468-472页

作者：赵胡笳马雁军中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所沈阳110016

利用2009年5月至2009年11月鞍山、沈阳、本溪、抚顺4个市区的器测能见度和人工观测能见度资料,分别按照不同气象要素和天气现象等情形下,对两种观测数据资料的差异进行了详细的统计分析。结果表明:与无视程障碍天气情形相比,出现具有视... 详细信息

利用2009年5月至2009年11月鞍山、沈阳、本溪、抚顺4个市区的器测能见度和人工观测能见度资料,分别按照不同气象要素和天气现象等情形下,对两种观测数据资料的差异进行了详细的统计分析。结果表明:与无视程障碍天气情形相比,出现具有视程障碍天气情形时,器测、目测能见度差异较小;总云量越多,两种观测值差异越小;PM10质量浓度与能见度呈负相关,对能见度器测影响大于对目测的影响;在目测能见度为1～10 km的情形下,器测、目测能见度差值相对最小;随着能见度的降低,目测值与器测值的平均绝对误差值有减小趋势。

关键词：能见度器测目测平均绝对误差标准偏差