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Brassinosteroids Mediate Endogenous Phytohormone Metabolism to Alleviate High Temperature Injury at Panicle Initiation Stage in Rice

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Rice science 2023年第1期30卷 70-86页

作者： chen Yanhua WANG Yaliang chen huizhe XIANG Jing ZHANG Yikai WANG Zhigang ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China

High temperatures cause physiological and biochemical changes and significantly affect young panicle development of rice(Oryza sativa L.).Brassinosteroids play important roles in enhancing crop stress *** this study,we subjected rice cultivars Huanghuazhan(heat-resistant)and IR36(heat-sensitive)to high temperature(HT,40 oC)or normal temperature(NT,33 oC)for 7 d at the panicle initiation stage,in conjunction with application of 24-epibrassinolide[EBR,a synthetic brassinolide(BR)]or brassinazole(BRZ,a BR biosynthesis inhibitor)at the beginning of the *** exacerbated spikelet degeneration and inhibited young panicle growth,which were partially prevented by EBR application,while BRZ application aggravated the reduction in spikelet *** decreased the contents of BR,active cytokinins(aCTK),active gibberellins(aGA)and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),but increased the content of abscisic acid(ABA)in young *** activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose hydrolysis,glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in young panicles were decreased with the change of endogenous hormone levels under *** addition,the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)were increased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased in young *** application of EBR induced the expression of phytohormone biosynthesis-related genes and down-regulated the expression of phytohormone catabolism-related genes to increase the contents of endogenous BR,aCTK,aGA and ABA,thus promoting the decomposition and utilization of sucrose in young panicles,enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase,and reducing the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA in young panicles,whereas application of BRZ had the opposite physiological *** results showed that brassinosteroids mediate endogenous phytohormone metabolism to alleviate HT injury at the panicle initiation stage in rice.

关键词： rice high temperature panicle initiation stage phytohormone metabolism physiological and biochemical indices

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Root morphology in response to nitrogen supply in mid-season indica rice cultivars released in different decades

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第4期60卷 439-442页

作者： Yikai Zhang huizhe chen Yuping Zhang Jing Xiang Guangmei Ji Defeng Zhu State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 China Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Province Guiyang 550006 China

Dear Editor,Roots,as a major organ of plants,are involved in nutrient and water acquisition,and might play a vital role in yield increase and efficient N absorption with genetic *** of the great differences in growth period and pattern between the old and new rice cultivars,it is difficult to clarify how genetic improvements contribute to root growth in rice.

关键词： Roots shoot vital nutrient length season breeding clarify cultivar roots

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水稻机械育插秧技术研究进展

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中国稻米 2024年第4期30卷 12-16页

作者：应伟杰王亚梁朱德峰怀燕张玉屏向镜陈惠哲浙江省农业技术推广中心杭州310020 中国水稻研究所/水稻生物育种全国重点实验室杭州310006

比较了我国水稻生产中不同水稻机插秧方式、机插播种育秧方式的优缺点,分析了传统杂交稻机插技术存在的问题,进而创新提出杂交稻精准播种机插技术,并展望了水稻绿色机插技术的发展。

关键词：水稻机插秧育秧精准播种技术模式

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Decrement of Sugar Consumption in Rice Young Panicle Under High Temperature Aggravates Spikelet Number Reduction

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Rice science 2020年第1期27卷 44-55页

作者： WANG Yaliang ZHANG Yikai SHI Qinghua chen huizhe XIANG Jing HU Guohui chen Yanhua WANG Xiaodan WANG Junke YI Zihao ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Hangzhou 310006China College of Agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Genetics BreedingMinistry of EducationNanchang 330045China

Two rice genotypes Huanghuazhan(HHZ, heat-resistant) and IR36(heat-susceptible) were subjected to high-temperature(HT, 40℃) and normal-temperature(NT, 32℃) treatments at the spikelet differentiation stage. HT treatment inhibited spikelet differentiation, aggravated spikelet degeneration, reduced spikelet size, and disordered carbohydrate allocation. Meanwhile, HT treatment increased nonstructural carbohydrate content in leaves, but decreased that in stems and young panicles, and the same tendencies of sucrose and starch contents were observed in leaves and stem. However, HT treatment significantly increased the sucrose content and sharply decreased the glucose and fructose contents in young panicles. Lower activity levels of soluble acid invertase(EC3.***.1.26) and sucrose synthase(EC2.***.1.13) were observed under HT treatment. Moreover, HT treatment reduced the activities of key enzymes associated with glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which indicated sucrose consumption was inhibited in young panicles under HT treatment. Exogenous glucose and fructose applied under HT treatment increased the spikelet number more than exogenous sucrose. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the reduction of spikelet number under high temperature was more affected by the decrease in sugar consumption than the blocking of sucrose transport. The impairment of sucrose hydrolysis was the main reason for the inhibition of sugar utilization.

关键词： rice high temperature panicle development spikelet number carbohydrate allocation sugar consumption

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覆膜稻田施用炭基肥对水稻产量及氮素利用的影响

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中国水稻科学 2024年第5期38卷 567-576页

作者：熊家欢张义凯向镜陈惠哲徐一成王亚梁王志刚姚坚张玉屏中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室杭州311401 嘉兴市农业科学研究院嘉兴314016

【目的】研究炭基肥及增施生物炭对覆膜水稻产量、氮素利用的影响,以期为水稻覆膜技术可持续发展应用提供理论依据。【方法】以优质粳型常规水稻品种浙禾香2号和籼粳杂交稻甬优538为材料,2021年覆膜机插种植设置CK(不施氮)、T1(施用缓释... 详细信息

【目的】研究炭基肥及增施生物炭对覆膜水稻产量、氮素利用的影响,以期为水稻覆膜技术可持续发展应用提供理论依据。【方法】以优质粳型常规水稻品种浙禾香2号和籼粳杂交稻甬优538为材料,2021年覆膜机插种植设置CK(不施氮)、T1(施用缓释肥)和T2(施用炭基肥)处理。2022年覆膜机插种植设置CK(不施氮)、T2(施用炭基肥)、T3(炭基肥增施6t/hm^(2)生物炭)和T4(炭基肥增施12t/hm^(2)生物炭)处理,研究覆膜稻田施用炭基肥对水稻干物质积累、产量及产量构成和氮素吸收利用的影响。【结果】炭基肥促进了覆膜水稻的生长,提高了覆膜水稻产量。炭基肥显著增加水稻干物质积累量,与T1相比干物质积累显著增加5.40%~29.69%,增施生物炭与T2相比增加了覆膜水稻干物质积累量9.28%~46.91%。浙禾香2号整个生长期效果明显,甬优538在后期作用更显著。与T1相比,炭基肥能显著提高水稻产量3.84%~4.65%。增施生物炭较T2进一步提高了覆膜水稻产量7.97%~15.06%;炭基肥促进了覆膜水稻对氮素的吸收利用,提高水稻氮素利用效率。施用炭基肥显著增加覆膜水稻各生长关键时期的氮素积累量4.87%~31.68%,且氮素积累量随炭基肥增施生物炭量的增加而提高,炭基肥增施12 t/hm2生物炭(T4)氮素积累最高,较施炭基肥(T2)增加11.87%~40.59%。炭基肥降低了覆膜水稻氮素干物质生产率和氮素稻谷生产率,提高了氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥吸收利用效率。增施生物炭处理进一步提高氮素利用,减少氮素损失。【结论】覆膜稻田施用炭基肥有利于水稻干物质量和氮素积累量增加,增施生物炭能够进一步提高其效果,从而增加产量,提高氮素利用效率。浙禾香2号增产主要通过增加穗数和每穗粒数,甬优538则通过增加穗数增产,炭基肥增施12t/hm2生物炭增产效果最好。

关键词：覆膜炭基肥产量氮素利用水稻

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Research Progress on Heat Stress of Rice at Flowering Stage

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Rice science 2019年第1期26卷 1-10页

作者： WANG Yaliang WANG Lei ZHOU Jianxia HU Shengbo chen huizhe XIANG Jing ZHANG Yikai ZENG Yongjun SHI Qinghua ZHU Defeng ZHANG Yuping College of Agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetics BreedingMinistry of Education China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Jinhua Municipal Institute of Agricultural Sciences

Global warming has caused frequent occurrence of heat stress at the flowering stage of single-season rice in the Yangtze River region of China, which results in declines of spikelet fertility and yield in rice. Rice flowering stage is the most sensitive period to high temperatures, and therefore, the key for heat stress happening is the flowering stage coinciding with high temperature, which causes spikelet fertility decreasing in heat-sensitive varieties, and is the major factor for heat injury differences among various rice planting regions. With the development of rice breeding, temperature indexes for heat stress has been converted from daily maximum temperature of 35 oC to 38 oC with the stress duration of more than 3 d. During the flowering stage, anther dehiscence inhibition and low pollen shedding onto the stigma are two main reasons for spikelet fertility reduction under high temperatures. At panicle initiation stage, high temperatures aggravate spikelet degeneration, and destroy floral organ development. Various types of rice varieties coexist in production, and indica-japonica hybrid rice demonstrates the highest heat resistance in general, followed by indica and japonica rice varieties. In production, avoiding high temperature is the main strategy of preventing heat stress, and planting suitable cultivars and adjustment of sowing date are the most effective measures. Irrigation is an effective real-time cultivation measure to decline the canopy temperature during the rice flowering stage. We suggested that further study should be focused on exploring heat injury differences among different rice variety types, and innovating rice-planting methods according to planting system changes in rice planting regions with extreme heat stress. Meanwhile, high temperature monitor and warning systems should be improved to achieve optimal heat stress management efficiencies.

关键词： flowering stage heat stress spikelet fertility high temperature yield variety

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水稻氮素营养诊断及施用策略研究进展

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杂交水稻 2024年第2期39卷 1-7页

作者：孙凯旋张玉屏向镜张义凯王亚梁熊家欢叶天承高义卓唐梅王志刚陈惠哲中国水稻研究所浙江杭州310006 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所/广西水稻遗传育种重点实验室广西南宁530007

氮素是水稻生长不可缺少的元素之一,对水稻进行氮素诊断,根据诊断结果和栽培目标,及时调整相应施肥措施,实现精准施肥,可最大限度地提高肥料利用率,并减轻环境污染。综述了水稻氮素诊断的发展历史、诊断手段的优缺点、未来氮素诊断发展... 详细信息

氮素是水稻生长不可缺少的元素之一,对水稻进行氮素诊断,根据诊断结果和栽培目标,及时调整相应施肥措施,实现精准施肥,可最大限度地提高肥料利用率,并减轻环境污染。综述了水稻氮素诊断的发展历史、诊断手段的优缺点、未来氮素诊断发展趋势等多方面内容,分析了穗肥对于水稻产量、产量构成因素和稻米品质的影响,以期充分发挥氮肥效应,为氮素诊断和穗肥追肥提供参考。

关键词：水稻氮素诊断穗肥精准施肥

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水田覆膜直播压槽与覆盖物对水稻出苗的影响

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中国稻米 2024年第3期30卷 63-66页

作者：熊雪曹雪仙向镜陈惠哲武辉张义凯王亚梁王志刚王晶卿徐一成赵福建张玉屏中国水稻研究所/水稻生物育种全国重点实验室杭州310006 宜宾学院四川宜宾644000 天台县农业技术推广总站浙江天台317200 浙江家乐蜜园艺科技有限公司浙江绍兴312000

为探讨水田覆膜直播压槽与覆盖物对土壤温度、出苗率及秧苗素质的影响,以籼型常规水稻中早39为材料,进行了池栽模拟试验。结果表明,膜上压槽及覆盖能提高土壤温度、缩短出苗时间;在体积较大的覆盖物中加入一定基质有利于提高秧苗素质和... 详细信息

为探讨水田覆膜直播压槽与覆盖物对土壤温度、出苗率及秧苗素质的影响,以籼型常规水稻中早39为材料,进行了池栽模拟试验。结果表明,膜上压槽及覆盖能提高土壤温度、缩短出苗时间;在体积较大的覆盖物中加入一定基质有利于提高秧苗素质和干物质积累;在体积较小的覆盖物中加入基质对秧苗素质影响不大。本研究中,条播条件下,每1 m覆盖205.9 mL细沙的处理出苗齐、快,秧苗更壮。

关键词：水稻直播覆膜覆盖物秧苗素质

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Effects of Low Temperature after Flowering on Grain Filling and Plant Hormone Contents in Rice

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第6期5卷 16-23页

作者： Yanhua ZENG Yuping ZHANG Xiaohua PAN Defeng ZHU Jing XIANG huizhe chen Yikai ZHANG Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Genetic BreedingMinistry of Education / Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute

Four varieties, indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 538 and Yongyou 17, indica rice Zhongzheyou 1 and japonica rice Zhejing 88 were treated under low temperatures in different time periods of grain filling stage, to analyze endogenous hormone changes and differences in different treatments in grain filling process. The results showed that the effects of low temperatures in different time periods after flowering on grain filling showed an order of early stage 〉 middle stage 〉 late stage, while the difference between the effects of lower temperatures on grain filling in middle and late filling stage was not significant, and the effects of low temper- atures on Yangyou 17 and Zhongzheyou 1 were higher than those on Yangyou 538 and Zhejing 88. Low temperature in early filling stage after flowering aignifieanfly slowed grain filling of Yongyou 17 and prolonged filling duration, while the effect on Yongyou 538 was not significant. Under low temperature treatments after flow- ering, changes in endogenous hormone contents in various varieties differed to certain degrees, IAA and ZR contents in grains of Yongyou 17 in early and middle filling stage decreased significantly, while GA3 and ABA contents were improved remarkably ; and Yongyou 538 showed significantly reduced GA3 content in grains, but higher IAA and ZR contents, which were the main reason for normal filling in grains. Proper hormone regulation measures could be taken in production to improve filling of rice grains under low temperature.

关键词： lndica-japonica hybrid rice Graln-filling stage Different low temperatures Hormones

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不同机插取秧量对杂交稻生长及产量的影响

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作物杂志 2015年第3期 79-82页

作者：滕飞陈惠哲朱德峰中国水稻研究所浙江杭州311400

为明确杂交稻机插适宜取秧量,选取大面积种植的杂交稻品种Y两优1号及中浙优1号为材料,设置2、4、6、8、10档5个机插取秧量,研究其对杂交稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明,随着机插取秧量的增大,杂交稻机插质量明显上升,漏秧率显著减小,田... 详细信息

为明确杂交稻机插适宜取秧量,选取大面积种植的杂交稻品种Y两优1号及中浙优1号为材料,设置2、4、6、8、10档5个机插取秧量,研究其对杂交稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明,随着机插取秧量的增大,杂交稻机插质量明显上升,漏秧率显著减小,田间基本苗数及群体茎蘖数均有所增加。同时,机插取秧量的增大引起植株群体干物质积累量增加,但其干物质主要集中在茎叶部位,穗部干物质积累量没有明显提高。从最终产量表现来看,随着机插取秧量的增大,产量呈先上升后下降的趋势,较小的取秧量导致田间水稻有效穗数不足,而较大的取秧量则降低了水稻结实率。综合两品种试验结果,机插最适取秧量为6档,成穗率高的品种可降至4档。

关键词：杂交稻机插秧取秧量干物质积累产量

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