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Mannanase improves the growth performance of broilers by alleviating inflammation of the intestinal epithelium and improving intestinal microbiota

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 376-394页

作者： Xiaodan Zhang huiping xu Lu Gong Jiao Wang Jianyang Fu Zengpeng Lv Liangjuan Zhou xuejun Li Qiong Liu Pingyu Xia Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

This experiment aimed to discuss and reveal the effect and mechanism of mannanase on intestinal inflammation in broilers triggered by a soybean meal diet. In this experiment, 384 Arbor Acres broilers at1 d old were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups. The broilers were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, a low-energy diet(metabolizable energy reduced by 50 kcal/kg), and a low-energy diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg mannanase for 42 d. The low-energy diet increased feed conversion ratio from0 to 42 d, reduced ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) in the ileum(P < 0.05). It also reduced cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA), such as acetic acid(P < 0.05). Compared with low-energy diets, the addition of mannanase increased body weight at 42 d, promoted the digestibility of nutrients, and maintained the morphology and integrity of the intestinal epithelium of broilers(P < 0.05). In addition, mannanase upregulated the expression of claudin-1(CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) in the jejunum at 21 d,downregulated the expression of ileal NF-κB, and increased the content of isobutyric acid in the cecum of broilers(P < 0.05). The results for the ileal microbiota showed that a low-energy diet led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of broilers. The addition of mannanase increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-KC45b and Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers. Furthermore, a low-energy diet reduced the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the intestine of broilers and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and phosphoinositol metabolism. Mannanase increased the relative abundance of Odoribacter, promoted energy metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis, and increased the activities of GH3 and GH18. It is concluded that mannanase could improve the growth performance of broilers by reducing the expression of NF-κB in the ileum, increasing the production of SCFA in the cecum, suppressing intestina

关键词： Broiler Low-energy diet Mannanase Intestinal inflammatory response Intestinal microbiota Metagenome

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Role of temperature in tribolayers in fretting wear ofγ-TiAl alloy

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 939-953页

作者： Yulei YANG Hongfei SHANG huiping PEI Jimin xu Yi LIANG Minghui PAN School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Institute of Tribology Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China

The formation of tribolayers may play significant influences on fretting wear.At elevated temperature,the adhesion among wear debris and the increased diffusion rate facilitate the formation of tribolayers.However,the intensification of oxidation at elevated temperature and the low diffusion rate in oxides may play an adverse role.The present study aims to investigate the role of temperature in tribolayers in fretting wear using aγ-TiAl alloy.Scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer,Raman spectrometer,transmission electron microscope and nanoindentation were utilized to investigate the wear debris,tribolayers,and wear scars.The fretting tests showed that,compared with that at room temperature(RT)and 350℃,significant reduction in wear rate and decrease in the fluctuation of friction coefficient occurred at 550 and 750℃.It was further revealed that when temperature raised from room temperature(RT)to 750℃,the oxidation of the wear debris increased slightly and the diffusion coefficients increased prominently,which facilities the formation of well tribo-sintered tribolayers.The well tribo-sintered tribolayers presented homogenous structure,nanocrystalline grains with excellent mechanical properties,and resulted in the improvement in the fretting wear resistance of theγ-TiAl alloy at 550 and 750℃.

关键词： tribolayer temperature fretting wear γ-TiAl alloy

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Pd single atoms cooperate with S vacancies in ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets for photocatalytic pure-water splitting

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 855-861页

作者： Lin Sun huiping Peng Fei xue Shangheng Liu Zhiwei Hu Hongbo Geng Xiaozhi Liu Dong Su Yong xu Xiaoqing Huang State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Nothnitzer Strasse 40Dresden 01187Germany School of Materials Engineering Changshu Institute of TechnologyChangshu 215500China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005China

Photocatalytic water splitting has emerged as a new frontier for converting solar energy to green H_(2) and value-added chemicals.Nevertheless,great challenges still remain for developing efficient photocatalysts for pure water splitting without sacrificial agents.In this work,we demonstrate that doping hexagonal ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS) with Pd single atoms(Pd_(0.03)/ZIS) can serve as a highly efficient photocatalyst for pure water splitting to simultaneously produce H_(2) and H_(2)O_(2) without any sacrificial agents.Results from aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy,X-ray fine spectroscopy,insitu electron paramagnetic resonance and diffuse Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal that doping ZIS with Pd single atoms facilitates the formation of S vacancies(S_(v)),where the photogenerated electrons can transfer to Pd single atoms,as a result of enhanced separation of electron-hole pairs and improved photocatalytic performance.Impressively,Pd_(0.03)/ZIS displays a stoichiometric ratio of H_(2) and H_(2)O_(2) with the productivity of 1,037.9 and 1,021.4μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),respectively,which has largely outperformed pure ZIS and other reported catalysts for pure water splitting.This work provides an efficient photocatalyst for water splitting to produce H_(2) and H_(2)O_(2),which may attract rapid interest in materials science,chemistry,and heterogeneous catalysis.

关键词： ZnIn_(2)S_(4) Pd single atom S vacancy pure water splitting H_(2)O_(2)

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Effects of tannic acid on the immunity and intestinal health of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis infection

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2454-2473页

作者： huiping xu Jianyang Fu Yimeng Luo Peng Li Bochen Song Zengpeng Lv Yuming Guo Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China

Background In broiler chickens,necrotic enteritis(NE)infection can reduce production performance.Tannic acid has shown great potential as a treatment of NE in broilers.However,the appropriate dosage of tannic acid in NE of broilers and the improvement effect on intestinal health are not very clear.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of tannic acid on the production performance,immunity,and intestinal health of broilers by constructing an NE model with C.perfringens infection and determining the appropriate dosage of tannic acid with regard to NE.Results Challenged birds showed significant reduction in body weight,villus height,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P<0.05)and increase in the feed consumption gain ratio,intestinal lesion score,and crypt depth(P<0.05).The infection significantly reduced the relative Bacteroidota and Ligilactobacillus abundance(P<0.05)and increased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and cecal content of C.perfringens(P<0.05).Challenged birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid showed significantly increased mRNA expression of nutrient transport carriers and intestinal barrier genes and growth performance and reduced serum zonulin and endotoxin levels(P<0.05).Addi-tion of tannic acid to the diet inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the number of coccidia oocysts in feces and the content of C.perfringens in the cecum.Specifically,tannic acid reduced the serum levels of C reactive protein,myeloperoxidase,and specific IgY and ileal mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A levels in the ileal mucosa compared with those in the NE-infected birds.NE-infected birds fed diets supplemented with tannic acid also showed significantly increased relative Anaerocolumna,Thermoanaerobacterium,and Thermosinus abundance(P<0.05);their microbial composition and functional predictions were similar to those of the NC group.Conclusions Tannic acid in the diet alleviated NE by enhancing the intestinal barrier and absorption function.The recommended dietary t

关键词： Broiler chicken Immunity Intestinal health Necrotic enteritis Tannic acid

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Dietary methionine sources and levels modulate the intestinal health status of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 242-255页

作者： Lu Gong Tahir Mahmood Yves Mercier huiping xu Xiaodan Zhang Yizhu Zhao Yimeng Luo Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China Adisseo France S.A.S 03600CommentryFrance

Given the key role of methionine in biological processes,adequate methionine should be provided to meet the nutritional requirements.DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid(DL-HMTBA)has been considered as an important source of methionine.However,the effects of different sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal health status have not been clarified yet.An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different dietary sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal epithelial barrier,inflammatory cytokines expression,ileal morphology,microbiota composition,and cecal short chain fatty acids(SCFA)profiles.For this purpose,720 male Arbor Acre broiler chicks at 1 d old were randomly assigned to a 2×3 factorial arrangement with 2 methionine sources(DL-methionine and DLHMTBA)and 3 total sulfur amino acids(TSAA)levels(80%,100%,and 120%of Arbor Acre recommendation).The results showed that DL-HMTBA supplementation promoted intestinal physical barrier at both gene expression level of claudin-1 and serum diamine oxidase level(P<0.05),and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 m RNA expression was down-regulated by dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation compared with the DL-methionine group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,an upregulated gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1(ZO-1)were observed in the low-TSAA treatment on d 14(P<0.05),whereas this treatment increased the expression of IL-1βand IL-6(P<0.05).Villus height to crypt depth ratio was high(P<0.05)in the middle-level TSAA group.Furthermore,DL-HMTBA supplementation optimized the microbiota of the ileum especially the relative abundance of Lactobacillus,where the digestion and absorption were completed,and elevated the concentrations of SCFA(acetate,propionate,and butyrate)in the cecal content on d 21(P<0.01).In conclusion,dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation improved the intestinal barrier function,immune homeostasis and optimized the microbiota to promote intestinal health status in broiler chickens.

关键词： Chicken Methionine 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid Intestinal health Intestinal barrier

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Effects of rearing system and antibiotic treatment on immune function,gut microbiota and metabolites of broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 827-852页

作者： Bochen Song Peng Li huiping xu Zhong Wang Jianmin Yuan Bingkun Zhang Zengpeng Lv Zhigang Song Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China.

Background:In China,cage systems with a high space utilization have gradually replaced ground litter systems,but the disease incidence of chickens in cages is higher.Broilers in the ground litter pens may be stimulated by more environmental microbes during the growth process and show strong immune function and status,but knowledge of which microbes and their metabolites play an immunomodulatory role is still limited.This study aimed to explore the differences and correlations in the immune function,gut microbiota and metabolites and the importance of gut microbiota of broilers raised in cages and ground litter pens.Methods:The experiment involved a 2×2 factorial arrangement,with rearing systems(cages or ground litter pens)and antibiotic treatment(with or without broad-spectrum antibiotics in drinking water)as factors.Results:The results showed that,compared with the cage group,the ground litter broilers had stronger nonspecific immune function(Macrophages%and NO in blood),humoral immune function(IgG in blood,LPS stimulation index in ileum)and cellular immune function(T%,Tc%,ConA stimulation index and cytokines in blood).Antibiotic(ABX)treat-ment significantly reduced nonspecific immune function(Macrophages%and NO in blood,iNOS and Mucin2 mRNA expression in ileum),humoral immune function(IgG in blood and sIgA in ileum)and cellular immune function(T%and cytokines in blood,Th and Tc ratio,TLRs and cytokines mRNA expression in ileum).Furthermore,the ground litter broil-ers had higherαdiversity of microbiota in ileum.The relative abundance of Staphylococcus,Jeotgalicoccus,Jeotgalibaca and Pediococcus in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher.ABX treatment significantly reduced theαdiversity of ileal microbiota,with less Chloroplast and Mitochondria.In addition,the levels of acetic acid,isobutyric acid,kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid in the ileum of ground litter broilers were higher.Spearman correlation analysis showed that Jeotgalibaca,Pediococcus,acetic acid,kynurenic acid and allolithocholic acid w

关键词： Broad-spectrum antibiotics Broiler chickens Gut microbiota Immune function Metabolites Rearing system

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Phytoremediation capacity of the hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.and Solanum lycopersicum L.cultivars at the flowering stage in cadmium-polluted soil

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 676-680页

作者： Jibao JIA huiping DAI Shuhe WEI Lidia SKUZA Jianming xuE Rong LI Quan SUN School of Agriculture Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021(China) School of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723001(China) Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016(China) Institute of Biology Centre for Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SzczecinSzczecin 71-415(Poland) New Zealand Forest Research Institute(Scion) POB 29237Christchurch 8440(New Zealand)

Dear Editor,Remediation of cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soil is a popular topic in global environmental science.Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulators or certain plants to accumulate and remove Cd from polluted soils is a promising approach.Wei et al.(2005)first described Solanum nigrum L.as a Cd hyperaccumulator.Subsequently,various aspects of S.nigrum,including the protective effects on proline,physiological and biochemical responses,earthworms,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,and fertilizers and the intercropping with Solanum photeinocarpum,have been extensively studied(xu et al.,2009;Khan et al.,2014;Wang et al.,2015;Tang et al.,2017;Yang et al.,2019).

关键词： soil cultivar cadmium

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矿井巷道系统突(涌)水蔓延过程物理仿真试验模拟与应用

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中国矿业大学学报 2024年第3期53卷 421-434页

作者：武强张小燕赵颖旺李会平徐华王潇中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院中国矿业大学(北京)国家煤矿水害防治工程技术研究中心河北工程大学地球科学与工程学院天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室北京石油化工学院信息学院

为弥补矿井突(涌)水蔓延过程试验研究空白，科学揭示矿井巷道系统中水流蔓延规律，提出了矿井巷道系统突(涌)水蔓延过程物理仿真试验方法，并深入探讨了突(涌)水蔓延范围演变规律、巷道水深分布规律、水速影响特征以及巷道局部水流流动... 详细信息

为弥补矿井突(涌)水蔓延过程试验研究空白，科学揭示矿井巷道系统中水流蔓延规律，提出了矿井巷道系统突(涌)水蔓延过程物理仿真试验方法，并深入探讨了突(涌)水蔓延范围演变规律、巷道水深分布规律、水速影响特征以及巷道局部水流流动效应.基于巷道类型、布置方式、几何和结构特征，设计了矿井巷道系统试验原型，并依据重力相似准则按1∶10的比尺建立了矿井巷道系统突(涌)水蔓延过程正态试验模型.根据突(涌)水位置分布及其流量曲线演变特征分析，建立了多组试验工况，采用重力式循环供排水系统实现了不同工况下突(涌)水蔓延过程.研究结果表明：巷道水流蔓延具有以突(涌)水点为中心按高程分布的分区分级演变特性；巷道水深时变关系与突(涌)水流量呈正相关，正相关性下蔓型水深比上涨型水深显著；巷道整体水速与突(涌)水流量曲线增长幅度有关，增幅越大蔓延水速越快，累积突(涌)水量越多.单流程水速与突(涌)水量、水深和巷道坡度呈正相关，与巷道断面宽度呈负相关，其中水速对水深和巷道坡度变化最敏感；巷道局部结构突变位置下蔓水流会发生偏转效应，沿程或沿断面呈现水深和流速双值分布特性.试验结果与实际井下涌水数据相吻合，在水害智能防控与应急救援工程实践中具有广泛的应用价值.

关键词：矿井水害物理仿真试验突(涌)水蔓延过程巷道水深巷道水速

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基于粉末床技术的增材制造AlSi10Mg合金研究进展

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中国有色金属学报 2024年第4期34卷 1091-1112页

作者：龚弟亮卞华康潘登徐圣航杨鑫汤慧萍上海大学材料基因组工程研究院上海200444 浙大城市学院先进材料增材制造创新研究中心杭州310015

基于粉末床技术的增材制造AlSi10Mg合金,因其快速制造、设计灵活性高、成本低等优势,在汽车和航空航天等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,由工艺参数不当引起的孔隙和裂纹等缺陷,以及与熔池相关的独特微观结构,仍然影响打印部件的性能,这... 详细信息

基于粉末床技术的增材制造AlSi10Mg合金,因其快速制造、设计灵活性高、成本低等优势,在汽车和航空航天等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,由工艺参数不当引起的孔隙和裂纹等缺陷,以及与熔池相关的独特微观结构,仍然影响打印部件的性能,这是激光选区熔化(SLM)面临的主要问题之一。而在电子束选区熔化(EBM)制造AlSi10Mg合金中,元素蒸发导致的强度下降是其主要问题,且技术应用较少。本文对SLM和EBM两类技术在AlSi10Mg合金中的应用现状和难点问题进行了总结与对比,两类技术所制造的打印部件在组织和性能上呈现出明显的差异。求解工艺−组织−性能之间的关系,以及开发增材制造技术(AM)专用合金粉末体系,是SLM和EBM技术打印AlSi10Mg合金共同面临的挑战,因此有必要进行综合考虑。同时,针对这些问题,本文讨论了未来的研究方向与发展趋势。

关键词：激光选区熔化电子束熔化 AlSi10Mg 工艺参数

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The effects of different electrode materials on seed germination of Solanum nigrum L.and its Cd accumulation in soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 291-299页

作者： Lei xu huiping Dai Lidia Skuza Shuhe Wei Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environment Engineering Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Biological Science&Engineering Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resourcesShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong 723001China Institute of Biology Centre for Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of SzczecinSzczecin 71-415Poland University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,without electric field).High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2,which could partly explain the increase in GP.Cd accumulation(μg/pot)in S.nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in CK without electric field.Specif-ically,Cd accumulation under the treatment T3(stainless steel electrode)was the highest both in roots and shoots;this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7%and 67.4%higher for stainless steel than in CK.This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass.In par-ticular,Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK(p<0.05),which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region.Furthermore,it could be attributed to al-tered soil pH and other soil properties.Moreover,none of the biomasses were significantly affected(p<0.05)by different electrode materials compared to CK.

关键词： Cd contaminated soil Solanum nigrum L. DC electric field Electrode materials Seed germination

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