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Circulation Pattern Controls of Summer Temperature Anomalies in Southern Africa

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 341-354页

作者： Chibuike Chiedozie IBEBUCHI Cameron C.lee Department of Geography Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA ClimRISE Lab Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA

This study investigates the relationship between circulation patterns and austral summer temperature anomalies in southern Africa. The results show that the formation of continental lows tends to increase the thickness of the lower atmosphere. Further, the distinct variabilities of high and low pressure under the circulation types, influence air mass advection from the adjacent oceans, as well as atmospheric stability over land. Stronger anticyclonic circulation at the western branch of the Mascarene high-pressure system enhances the low-level cold air advection by southeast winds,decreases the thickness, and lowers the temperature over a majority of the land in southern Africa. Conversely, a weaker Mascarene High, coupled with enhanced cyclonic activity in the southwest Indian Ocean increases low-level warm air advection and increases temperature anomalies over vast regions in southern Africa. The ridging of a closed South Atlantic anticyclone at the southern coast of southern Africa results in colder temperatures near the tip of southern Africa due to enhanced low-level cold air advection by southeast winds. However, when the ridge is weak and westerly winds dominate the southern coast of southern Africa, these areas experience temperature increases. The northward track of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude cyclone, which can be linked to the negative Southern Annular Mode, reduces the temperature in the southwestern part of southern Africa. Also, during the analysis period, El Ni?o was associated with temperature increases over the central parts of southern Africa;while the positive Indian Ocean dipole was linked to a temperature increase over the northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of southern Africa.

关键词： temperature circulation types Subtropical Indian Ocean dipole Southern Annular Mode El Ni?o Indian Ocean dipole Mascarene High South Atlantic anticyclone

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Omni-functional simultaneous interfacial treatment for enhancing stability and outgassing suppression of lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 677-687页

作者： Youbean lee Chanjoo Park Kyoungmin Min Kwangjin Park Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon UniversityGyeonggi-do 13120Republic of Korea Department of Battery Engineering Gachon UniversityGyeonggi-do 13120Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978Republic of Korea

Ni-rich layered oxides in lithium-ion batteries have problems with gas generation and electrochemical performance reduction due to residual lithium's reaction on the surface with the *** address this issue,in this study,the Acid solvent evaporation(AsE)method has been proposed as a potential method to remove residual lithium while promoting the formation of a new LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer on the cathode *** reduction of residual lithium using the ASE method and the construction of a LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer suppresses gas evolution caused by the side effects of the electrolyte,improves electrochemical performance,and improves thermal stability by facilitating the smooth movement of lithium ***,the structural stability and resistance change due to the LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer effects is guaranteed through cycling and DCIR of the pouch *** a result,compared to Pristine,the capacity retention of coin cells increased by 8%after 100 cycles,and pouch cells increased by 25%after 160 *** addition,after cycling the pouch cell,CO_(2) gas has significantly reduced by about 30%compared to Pristine using gas *** ASE method effectively forms a robust LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer on the cathode active material,which helps minimize electrolyte reactivity,suppress ,CO_(2) emissions,enhance surface structure stability,improve thermal stability,and improveoverallbatteryperformance.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Ni-rich NCM Acid solvent evaporation LiNO_(3)-derived coating Gasevolution

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Quantum vector DC magnetometry via selective phase accumulation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 16-26页

作者： Min Zhuang Sijie Chen Jiahao Huang Chaohong lee Institute of Quantum Precision Measurement State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong) Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Metrology School of Physics and AstronomySun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus)

Precision measurement of magnetic fields is a crucial issue in both fundamental scientific research and practical sensing technology. The sensitive detection of a vector magnetic field poses a significant challenge in quantum magnetometry, particularly in estimating a vector DC magnetic field with high precision. Here, we propose a comprehensive protocol for quantum vector DC magnetometry, utilizing selective phase accumulation in both non-entangled and entangled quantum probes. Building upon the principles of Ramsey interferometry, our protocol enables the selective accumulation of phase for a specific magnetic field component by incorporating a meticulously designed pulse sequence. In the individual measurement scheme, we employ three individual quantum interferometries to independently estimate each of the three magnetic field components. Alternatively, in the simultaneous measurement scheme, the application of a pulse sequence along different directions enables the simultaneous estimation of all three magnetic field components using only one quantum interferometry. Notably, by employing an entangled state(such as the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state) as the input state, the measurement precisions of all three components may reach the Heisenberg limit. This study not only establishes a general protocol for measuring vector magnetic fields using quantum probes, but also presents a viable pathway for achieving entanglement-enhanced multi-parameter estimation.

关键词： magnetometry quantum interferometry entanglement-enhanced quantum metrology

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Obituary:*** Zhang(1963-2023)-A scientist focused on toxins and their underlying mechanisms to decipher human diseases

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 230-232页

作者： Wenhui lee Ren Lai the Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of SciencesKIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesNational Resource Centre for Non-Human PrimatesKunming Primate Research CentreNational Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility)Sino-African Joint Research CentreNew Cornerstone Science InstituteKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China

*** Zhang was born on 9 July 1963 in Kunming,Yunnan,China,during a tumultuous period which he often *** his life,he harbored a steadfast belief in using knowledge to unravel the mysteries of human *** educational journey was marked by frequent changes in schools due to his parents’occupational ***,despite these challenges,he consistently displayed diligence and was admitted to the East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,after completing high school in *** remained an active and loyal member of the School of Biotechnology at the university.

关键词： admitted harbor mechanisms

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Application of deep learning methods combined with physical background in wide field of view imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 208-220页

作者： Ao-Yan Cheng Hao Cai Shi Chen Tian-Lu Chen Xiang Dong You-Liang Feng Qi Gao Quan-Bu Gou Yi-Qing Guo Hong-Bo Hu ming-ming Kang Hai-Jin Li Chen Liu Mao-Yuan Liu Wei Liu Fang-Sheng Min Chu-Cheng Pan Bing-Qiang Qiao Xiang-Li Qian hui-Ying Sun Yu-Chang Sun Ao-Bo Wang Xu Wang Zhen Wang Guang-Guang Xin Yu-Hua Yao Qiang Yuan Yi Zhang School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Ministry of Education The Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University)Lhasa 850000China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 A Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Tsung‑Dao lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute Suzhou 215123China College of Physics Chongqing UniversityNo.55 Daxuecheng South RoadHigh‑tech DistrictChongqing 401331China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation(HADAR)experiment,which was constructed in Tibet,China,combines the wide-angle advantages of traditional EAS array detectors with the high-sensitivity advantages of focused Cherenkov *** objective is to observe transient sources such as gamma-ray bursts and the counterparts of gravitational *** study aims to utilize the latest AI technology to enhance the sensitivity of HADAR *** datasets and models with distinctive creativity were constructed by incorporating the relevant physical theories for various *** models can determine the type,energy,and direction of the incident particles after careful *** obtained a background identification accuracy of 98.6%,a relative energy reconstruction error of 10.0%,and an angular resolution of 0.22°in a test dataset at 10 *** findings demonstrate the significant potential for enhancing the precision and dependability of detector data analysis in astrophysical *** using deep learning techniques,the HADAR experiment’s observational sensitivity to the Crab Nebula has surpassed that of MAGIC and *** energies below 0.5 TeV and remains competitive with conventional narrow-field Cherenkov telescopes at higher *** addition,our experiment offers a new approach for dealing with strongly connected,scattered data.

关键词： VHE gamma-ray astronomy HADAR Deep learning Convolutional neural networks

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Enhancement of vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited organic photovoltaics through the independent processing of additives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 768-777页

作者： Damin lee Changwoo Park Gayoung Ham Young Yong Kim Sung-Nam Kwon Junyeong lee Sungjin Jo Seok-In Na Hyojung Cha Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju-siJeollabuk-do 54896Republic of Korea School of Energy Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

Herein,the impact of the independent control of processing additives on vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited (SD) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and its subsequent effects on charge carrier kinetics at the electron donor-acceptor interface are *** film morphology exhibits notable variations,significantly depending on the layer to which 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was *** incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals distinctly separated donor/acceptor phases and vertical crystallinity details in SD ***-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis is employed to obtain component distributions in diverse vertical phase structures of SD films depending on additive *** addition,nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that DIO control significantly affects the dynamics of separated charges in SD *** SD OPVs,DIO appears to act through distinct mechanisms with minimal restriction,depending on the applied *** study emphasizes the significance of morphological optimization in improving device performance and underscores the importance of independent additive control in the advancement of OPV technology.

关键词： Sequential deposition Vertical phase separation Charge dynamics Organic photovoltaics Nonfullerene acceptors

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Highly efficient and stable organic solar cells with SnO_(2)electron transport layer enabled by UV-curing acrylate oligomers

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 124-131页

作者： Mwende Mbilo Du Hyeon Ryu Seungjin lee Muhammad Haris Julius Mwakondo Mwabora Robinson Juma Musembi Hang Ken lee Sang Kyu lee Chang Eun Song Won Suk Shin Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nairobi(UoN)P.O.Box 30197-00100NairobiKenya Advanced Energy Materials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology(UST)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The interfaces between the inorganic metal oxide and organic photoactive layer are of outmost importance for efficiency and stability in organic solar cells(OSCs).Tin oxide(SnO_(2))is one of the promising candidates for the electron transport layer(ETL)in high-performance inverted *** a solution-processed SnO_(2)ETL is employed,however,the presence of interfacial defects and suboptimal interfacial contact can lower the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability of ***,highly efficient and stable inverted OSCs by modification of the SnO_(2)surface with ultraviolet(UV)-curable acrylate oligomers(SAR and OCS)are *** highest PCEs of 16.6%and 17.0%are achieved in PM6:Y6-BO OSCs with the SAR and OCS,respectively,outperforming a device with a bare SnO_(2)ETL(PCE 13.8%).The remarkable enhancement of PCEs is attributed to the optimized interfacial contact,leading to mitigated surface *** strikingly,improved light-soaking and thermal stability strongly correlated with the interfacial defects are demonstrated for OSCs based on SnO_(2)/UV cross-linked resins compared to OSCs utilizing bare SnO_(2).We believe that UV cross-linking oligomers will play a key role as interfacial modifiers in the future fabrication of large-area and flexible OSCs with high efficiency and stability.

关键词： Organic solar cells SnO_(2) Surface defects Ultraviolet resins Stability Cross-linking oligomers Non-halogenated solvent

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Do brood parasitic Common Cuckoos develop brood patches during the breeding season?

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 363-368页

作者： Jun-Seo Go Hae-Ni Kim Sue-Jeong Jin Myeong-Chan Cha Heesoo lee Jin-Won lee Korea Institute of Ornithology&Department of Biology Kyung Hee University02447SeoulRepublic of Korea Bird Research SaeZiP 12504YangpyeongRepublic of Korea

Many birds develop brood patches on their ventral apterium under hormonal regulation to effectively transmit body heat to eggs during *** developed patch has several characteristics,including de-feathering,vascularization,and ***,little is known about whether avian brood parasites that do not incubate their eggs exhibit brood patch development during the breeding *** this study,we measured the size of the ventral apterium in 114 Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus)captured in the field throughout the breeding season and examined the appearance of the ventral apterium to confirm the development of brood *** also examined whether morphological traits and various factors correlated with the size of the ventral apterium(sternal apterium and abdominal apterium)and how it changed during the breeding *** found no clear signs of brood patch development in Common Cuckoos captured throughout the breeding season,indicating that they likely did not develop brood patches on the ventral apterium during this *** also found that ventral apterium size was positively correlated with wing length and body *** addition,Common Cuckoos with newly growing feathers on the boundary of the ventral apterium with pteryla were frequently observed as seasons progressed to the *** conclusion,Common Cuckoos exhibit neither brood patch development nor the vestigial characteristics of ancestral brood patches,except for the growth of feathers on boundary the ventral *** studies examining brood patches across different groups of avian brood parasites are valuable for enhancing our understanding of the developmental and physiological adaptations of avian brood parasites.

关键词： Brood parasitism Brood patch Common Cuckoo Pterylosis Re-feathering Ventral apterium

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Utilization of biomarkers for the prognostic prediction of cardiac arrest survivors using a multi-modal approach

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 131-134页

作者： Changshin Kang Yeonho You Jung Soo Park Byeong Kwon Park Jae Kwang lee Byung Kook lee Department of Emergency Medicine College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 35015Republic of Korea Department of Emergency Medicine Chungnam National University HospitalDaejoen 35015Republic of Korea Department of Emergency Medicine Konyang University HospitalCollege of MedicineDaejeon 35015Republic of Korea Department of Emergency Medicine Chonnam National University Medical SchoolChonnam National University HospitalGwangju 61469Republic of Korea

International guidelines for post-cardiac arrest care recommend using multi-modal strategies to avoid the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy(WLST)in patients with the potential for neurological recovery.[1]However,a clear methodology for multi-modal approaches has yet to be ***-specific enolase(NSE)is currently the only recommended biomarker,and the European Resuscitation Council(ERC)and the European SocietyofIntensiveCareMedicine(ESICM)have proposed a cutoff value of 60μg/L at 48 and/or 72 h after the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)as a multimodal prognostic tool for predicting poor neurological outcomes.

关键词： cardiac modal return

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Air-stable,all-dry transferred ReS_(2)/GaSe heterostructure-based NO_(2)gas sensor

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 79-87页

作者： A.Venkatesan Hyeyoon Ryu Anupom Devnath Hyungyu Yoo Seunghyun lee Department of Electronic Engineering Kyung Hee UniversityYongin-Si 17104South Korea Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering Kyung Hee UniversityYongin-Si 17104South Korea

Two-dimensional(2D)materials have gained considerable attention in chemical sensing owing to their naturally high surface-to-volume ***,the poor response time and incomplete recovery re-strict their application in practical,high performance gas *** this work,we fabricated air-stable ReS_(2)/GaSe heterostructure-based NO_(2)gas sensors with excellent gas sensing response,recovery,selectiv-ity and a low limit of detection(LOD)toward nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)).The ReS_(2)/GaSe heterostructure was prepared via mechanical exfoliation and an all-dry transfer *** the sensing measurements,temperature-dependant transport measurements were carried *** Schottky Barrier Height(SBH)of the ReS_(2)/GaSe heterostructure was calculated and the corresponding transport mechanisms were *** fabricated gas sensors showed a significant response enhancement with full reversibility to-ward ppm-level NO_(2)(response of∼17%at 3 ppm,a LOD of∼556 ppb)at an operating temperature of(33°C).In particular,the total response and recovery time of the ReS_(2)/GaSe was revealed to be less than 4 min(∼38 s and∼174 s,respectively)for the 250 ppm concentration,which is one of the best response and recovery time toward ppm-level NO_(2).The excellent sensing performances and recovery characteris-tics of the ReS_(2)/GaSe structure are attributed to its efficient charge separation,unique interlayer coupling and desirable band *** atomically thin,ultrasensitive gas sensor that operates at room tem-perature is a strong technological contender to conventional metal oxide gas sensors,which often require elevated temperatures.

关键词： 2D materials All-dry transfer Gas sensor Van der Waals heterostructure ReS_(2)/GaSe Gas sensing response Transition metal dichalcogenide

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