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Efficacy of exercise rehabilitation for managing patients with Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2175-2188页

作者： Dan Li Jinning Jia Haibo Zeng Xiaoyan Zhong hui chen chenju Yi Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhouJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Huichang County People’s HospitalGanzhouJiangxi ProvinceChina School of Life Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia Research Center The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research ShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions. While a definitive cure and optimal medication to impede disease progression are currently unavailable, a plethora of studies have highlighted the potential advantages of exercise rehabilitation for managing this condition. Those studies show that exercise rehabilitation can enhance cognitive function and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by AD. Therefore, exercise rehabilitation has been regarded as one of the most important strategies for managing patients with AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the currently available findings on exercise rehabilitation in patients with AD, with a focus on the exercise types which have shown efficacy when implemented alone or combined with other treatment methods, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these positive effects. Specifically, we explain how exercise may improve the brain microenvironment and neuronal plasticity. In conclusion, exercise is a cost-effective intervention to enhance cognitive performance and improve quality of life in patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it can potentially become both a physical activity and a tailored intervention. This review may aid the development of more effective and individualized treatment strategies to address the challenges imposed by this debilitating disease, especially in low-and middle-income countries.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease cerebrovascular function cognitive function epigenetic regulation exercise hippocampal neurogenesis mitochondria neuroinflammation neuronal plasticity

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TSPO deficiency exacerbates acute lung injury via NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第13期137卷 1592-1602页

作者： Jingyi Han Xue Zhang Menghua Cai Feng Tian Yi Xu hui chen Wei He Jianmin Zhang hui Tian Department of Thoracic Surgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China CAMS Key Laboratory of T Cell and Immunotherapy Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijing 100005China Changzhou Xitaihu Institute for Frontier Technology of Cell Therapy ChangzhouJiangsu 213000China Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China

Background:Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common cause of respiratory failure in many critically ill *** inflammasome activation plays an important role in the induction of acute lung injury(ALI)and ARDS,the regulatory mechanism of this process is still *** cells are stimulated by inflammation,the integrity and physiological function of mitochondria play a crucial part in ***,the underlying mechanisms and function of mitochondrial proteins in the process of pyroptosis are largely not yet ***,we identified the 18-kDa translocator protein(TSPO),a mitochondrial outer membrane protein,as an important mediator regulating nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in macrophages during ***:TSPO gene knockout(KO)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI/ARDS mouse models were employed to investigate the biological role of TSPO in the pathogenesis of *** macrophages were used to further characterize the effect of TSPO on the NLRP3 inflammasome *** of NLRP3 inflammasome was preformed through LPS+adenosine triphosphate(ATP)co-stimulation,followed by detection of mitochondrial membrane potential,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and cell death to evaluate the potential biological function of *** between two groups were performed with a two-sided unpaired ***:TSPO-KO mice exhibited more severe pulmonary inflammation in response to LPS-induced *** deficiency resulted in enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,promoting more proinflammatory cytokine production of macrophages in LPS-injured lung tissue,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,and macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-*** in TSPO-KO macrophages tended to depolarize in response to cellular *** increased production of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern led to enhanced mitochondrial membr

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute lung injury 18-kDa translocator protein Macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome Inflammation

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A survey on model-based reinforcement learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 59-84页

作者： Fan-Ming LUO Tian XU Hang LAI Xiong-hui chen Weinan ZHANG Yang YU National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Polixir. ai Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Reinforcement learning(RL) interacts with the environment to solve sequential decision-making problems via a trial-and-error approach. Errors are always undesirable in real-world applications, even though RL excels at playing complex video games that permit several trial-and-error attempts. To improve sample efficiency and thus reduce errors, model-based reinforcement learning(MBRL) is believed to be a promising direction, as it constructs environment models in which trial-and-errors can occur without incurring actual costs. In this survey, we investigate MBRL with a particular focus on the recent advancements in deep RL. There is a generalization error between the learned model of a non-tabular environment and the actual environment. Consequently, it is crucial to analyze the disparity between policy training in the environment model and that in the actual environment, guiding algorithm design for improved model learning, model utilization, and policy training. In addition, we discuss the recent developments of model-based techniques in other forms of RL, such as offline RL, goal-conditioned RL, multi-agent RL, and meta-RL. Furthermore,we discuss the applicability and benefits of MBRL for real-world tasks. Finally, this survey concludes with a discussion of the promising future development prospects for MBRL. We believe that MBRL has great unrealized potential and benefits in real-world applications, and we hope this survey will encourage additional research on MBRL.

关键词： reinforcement learning model-based reinforcement learning planning model learning model learning with reduced error model usage

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Retinitis pigmentosa and stem cell therapy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第7期17卷 1363-1369页

作者： Xin-Ya Qi chen-hui Mi De-Rui Cao Xie-Qun chen Peng Zhang School of Medicine Department of Life Sciences and MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069Shaanxi ProvinceChina The Third Hospital of Xi’an Affiliated Hospital of Northwest UniversityXi’an 710021Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Retinitis pigmentosa(RP)is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)*** main clinical manifestations include night blindness and progressive loss of peripheral vision,making it a prevalent debilitating eye disease that significantly impacts patients’quality of *** exhibits significant phenotypic and genetic *** instance,numerous abnormal genes are implicated in RP,resulting in varying clinical presentations,disease progression rates,and pathological characteristics among different ***,gene therapy for RP poses challenges due to these ***,stem cells have garnered considerable attention in the field of RPE therapy since both RPE cells and photoreceptors can be derived from stem *** recent years,a large number of animal experiments and clinical trials based on stem cell transplantation attempts,especially cord blood mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation and bone marrow-derived MSC transplantation,have confirmed that stem cell therapy can effectively and safely improve the outer retinal function of the RP-affected ***,stem cell therapy also has certain limitations,such as the fact that RP patients may involve multiple types of retinal cytopathia,which brings great challenges to stem cell transplantation therapy,and further research is needed to solve various problems faced by this approach in the *** comprehensive analysis of the etiology and histopathological changes associated with RP,this study substantiates the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy based on rigorous animal experimentation and clinical trials,while also highlighting the existing limitations that warrant further investigation.

关键词： retinitis pigmentosa photoreceptor stem cell therapy

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Interfacial friction effects on sealing performances of elastomer packer

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2037-2047页

作者： Peng-cheng Wang Ming-hui chen Jim Jenkinson Yong-Xin Song Li Sun Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston Guren Nanomaterials Department of Marine Engineering Dalian Maritime University

Elastomer sealing performance is of critical importance for downhole tools application including the use of fracturing(Frac) plugs during multi-stage hydraulic fracking. In practice sealing performances of such plugs are normally evaluated through pressure tests, and in numerical simulation studies, maximum contact stress, average contact stress and contact length data are used to determine sealing quality between a packer and casing. In previous studies, the impact of friction forces on sealing performance is often overlooked. This work aims to fill this knowledge gap in determining the influence of friction forces on elastomer packer sealing performances. We first determined the most appropriate constitutive hyperelastic model for the elastomers used in frac plug. Then we compared analytical calculation results with Finite Element Analysis simulation using a simplified tubular geometry and showed the significant influences on interfacial friction on elastomer packer stress distribution, deformation, and contact stress after setting. With the demonstration of validity of FEA method, we conducted systematic numerical simulation studies to show how the interfacial friction coefficients can affect the maximum contact stress, average contact stress, contact stress distribution, and maximum mises stress for an actual packer used in plug products. In addition, we also demonstrated how the groove in a packer can affect packer deformation and evolvement during setting with the consideration of interfacial stress. This study underscores the critical role that friction forces play in Frac plug performance and provides a new dimension for optimizing packer design by controlling interfacial interactions at the packer contact surfaces.

关键词： Elastomer seal Friction Sealing performance Contact stress

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and exogenous indole-3-acetic acid application induce antioxidant defense response to alleviate cadmium toxicity in Broussonetia papyrifera

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 447-459页

作者： Xue LI Jingwei LIANG Hongjian WEI Yuxuan KUANG hui chen Ming TANG Wentao HU State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmCollege of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

Cadmium(Cd)contamination in soil poses a huge threat to plants even at low concentrations;Broussonetia papyrifera has great potential in remediation of soil heavy metal ***,whether exogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)application and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)have synergistic effects on Cd tolerance of *** remains *** investigate the effects of AMF inoculation and IAA application on the tolerance of *** to Cd stress,two experiments were conducted:the first to investigate the effect of AMF(Rhizophagus irregularis)inoculation on the tolerance of *** to Cd stress and the second to investigate the combined effects of AMF inoculation and IAA application on the tolerance of *** to Cd *** including endogenous hormone concentration,antioxidant defense response,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and gene expression related to antioxidant enzyme system and hormone were *** results indicated that AMF alleviated Cd toxicity of *** by reducing MDA content and improving antioxidant enzyme activities and Cd absorption ***,the combination of AMF inoculation and IAA application had a synergetic effect on the tolerance of *** to Cd stress through upregulating BpAUX1 and BpAUX2,which might contribute to root growth and root xylem synthesis,and by upregulating BpSOD2 and BpPOD34 to enhance the antioxidant enzyme *** work provides a new insight into the application of IAA in the remediation of soil Cd pollution by mycorrhizal plants.

关键词： enzyme activity geneexpression heavy metal phytoremediation remediation Rhizophagus irregularis soil cadmium pollution stress tolerance

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Atroposelective Synthesis of 2-Arylindoles via Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Direct Amination of Indoles

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第7期42卷 731-735页

作者： Wen Bao Ye-hui chen Yu-Wei Liu Shao-Hua Xiang Bin Tan School of Pharmacy&StateKey Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055China

Indole-based atropisomers are a very important class of axially chiral ***,the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral 2-arylindole remains largely *** this study,we report the successful synthesis of atropisomeric 2-arylindoles using direct amination of indoles with p-quinonediimines in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid as a *** acts as an aminating reagent through formal polarity inversion of *** malonate group on the 2-aryl of 2-indoles was found to be essen-tial for high enantioselectivity of the *** could be due to the additional interaction between the ester group and the cata-lyst,as well as the intramolecular hydrogen *** findings provide a new strategy for the asymmetric construction of 2-arylindole atropisomers.

关键词： Chiral phosphoric acid Quinonediimines Direct amination Nucleophilic addition Asymmetric catalysis Enantioselectivity Axially chiral 2-arylindole Atroposelective synthesis

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Prognostic value of time-varying dead space estimates in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 187-193页

作者： Lianlian Jiang hui chen Jianfeng Xie Ling Liu Yi Yang Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine Department of Critical Care MedicineZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Department of Critical Care Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina

Background The dead space fraction(VD/VT)has proven to be a powerful predictor of higher mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).However,its measurement relies on expired carbon dioxide,limiting its widespread application in clinical *** estimates employing routine variables have been found to be reliable substitutes for direct measurement of VD/*** this study,we evaluated the prognostic value of these dead space estimates obtained in the first 7 days following the initiation of *** This retrospective observational study was conducted using data from the Chinese database in intensive care(CDIC).Eligible participants were adult ARDS patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation while in the intensive care unit between 1st January 2014 and 31st March *** collected data during the first 7 days of ventilation to calculate various dead space estimates,including ventilatory ratio(VR),corrected minute ventilation(V_(Ecorr)),VD/VT(Harris–Benedict),VD/VT(Siddiki estimate),and VD/VT(Penn State estimate)longitudinally.A time-dependent Cox model was used to handle these time-varying *** A total of 392 patients(median age 66[interquartile range:55–77]years,median SOFA score 9[interquartile range:7–12])were finally included in our analysis,among whom 132(33.7%)patients died within 28 days of ***(hazard ratio[HR]=1.04 per 0.1 increase,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.01 to 1.06;P=0.013),V_(Ecorr)(HR=1.08 per 1 increase,95%CI:1.04 to 1.12;P1.3,V_(Ecorr)>7.53,a

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndr ome Mechanical ventilation Dead space 28-day mortality

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Multichannel microneedle dry electrode patches for minimally invasive transdermal recording of electrophysiological signals

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 119-136页

作者： Zhengjie Liu Xingyuan Xu Shuang Huang Xinshuo Huang Zhibo Liu Chuanjie Yao Mengyi He Jiayi chen hui-jiuan chen Jing Liu Xi Xie State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information TechnologyGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University GuangzhouChina

The collection of multiple-channel electrophysiological signals enables a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution and temporal features of electrophysiological *** approach can help to distinguish the traits and patterns of different ailments to enhance diagnostic *** array electrodes,which can penetrate skin without pain,can lessen the impedance between the electrodes and skin;however,current microneedle methods are limited to single channels and cannot achieve multichannel collection in small ***,a multichannel(32 channels)microneedle dry electrode patch device was developed via a dimensionality reduction fabrication and integration approach and supported by a self-developed circuit system to record weak electrophysiological signals,including electroencephalography(EEG),electrocardiogram(ECG),and electromyography(EMG)*** microneedles reduced the electrode–skin contact impedance by penetrating the nonconducting stratum corneum in a painless *** multichannel microneedle array(MMA)enabled painless transdermal recording of multichannel electrophysiological signals from the subcutaneous space,with high temporal and spatial resolution,reaching the level of a single microneedle in terms of signal *** MMA demonstrated the detection of the spatial distribution of ECG,EMG and EEG signals in live rabbit models,and the microneedle electrode(MNE)achieved better signal quality in the transcutaneous detection of EEG signals than did the conventional flat dry electrode *** work offers a promising opportunity to develop advanced tools for neural interface technology and electrophysiological recording.

关键词： needle rabbit electrode

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Research progress in CALPHAD assisted metal additive manufacturing

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China Foundry 2024年第4期21卷 295-310页

作者： Ya-qing Hou Xiao-qun Li Wei-dong Cai Qing chen Wei-ce Gao Du-peng He Xue-hui chen Hang Su China Iron&Steel Research Institute Group Beijing 100081China Thermo-Calc Software AB SolnaSE-169Sweden KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100Sweden Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081China

Metal additive manufacturing(MAM)technology has experienced rapid development in recent *** both equipment and materials progress towards increased maturity and commercialization,material metallurgy technology based on high energy sources has become a key factor influencing the future development of *** calculation of phase diagrams(CALPHAD)is an essential method and tool for constructing multi-component phase diagrams by employing experimental phase diagrams and Gibbs free energy models of simple *** combining with the element mobility data and non-equilibrium phase transition model,it has been widely used in the analysis of traditional metal *** development of CALPHAD application technology for MAM is focused on the compositional design of printable materials,the reduction of metallurgical imperfections,and the control of microstructural *** endeavor carries considerable theoretical and practical *** paper summarizes the important achievements of CALPHAD in additive manufacturing(AM)technology in recent years,including material design,process parameter optimization,microstructure evolution simulation,and properties ***,the limitations of applying CALPHAD technology to MAM technology are discussed,along with prospective research directions.

关键词： metal additive manufacturing CALPHAD integrated computational material engineering powder bed fusion material design microstructure simulation

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