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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation by Endophytic Fungi from the Ecuadorian Amazon

Advances in Microbiology 2018年第12期8卷 1029-1053页

作者： Fernando Marín hugo navarrete Alexandra Narvaez-Trujillo Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL) College of Exact and Natural Sciences PUCE Quito Ecuador School of Biological Sciences PUCE Quito Ecuador

The capacity of 133 fungal endophyte isolates for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated. The endophytes were isolated from leaf and stem tissues from 23 plants collected in a natural habitat contaminated with crude oil in southwestern Ecuador. Their capacity for hydrocarbon biodegradation was tested by an in vitro colorimetric qualitative test during 10 days, using the Minimal Salt Medium and crude oil as the carbon source. Taxonomic identification of the endophytic fungi that showed bioactivity in the qualitative test was carried out by analysis of the ITS gene of the region 18S of the rDNA. Endophytes showed the best results in the previous qualitative test where selected for a quantitative in vitro test for 30 days. Residual hydrocarbons were tracked by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector. The maximum removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 99.6% (IR) and 99.8% (GC), corresponding to fungi of the genus Verticillium sp. and Xylaria sp. 1 respectively. This is the first report of biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbons by endophytic fungi in a tropical ecosystem. The results suggest these fungal isolates are potential hydrocarbon biodegraders that could be used in bioremediation processes.

关键词： Fungal Endophyte Biodegradation Bioremediation Hydrocarbon Infrared Spectroscopy Gas Chromatography

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Long-Term Impact in the Quality of Life of Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy That Use Cannabidiol

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2021年第4期12卷 103-113页

作者： Gabriela Pesántez Ríos Ignacio Pascual Pascual Ximena Pesántez Ríos Luciana Armijos Estefanía Chediak hugo navarrete Zambrano Ruth Jimbo Galo Pesantez Cuesta Servicio de Neurología Pediátrica Centro Nacional de Epilepsia Quito Ecuador Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Espa&#241 a Servicio de Neurología Pediátrica Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Espa&#241 a Centro de Investigación para la Salud en América Latina (CISeAL) Quito Ecuador Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito Ecuador

Introduction: Epilepsy is considered a chronic neurological condition that manifests itself with seizures, where 30% - 40% of patients do not achieve control of their seizures despite proper management. Seizures represent a significant limitation in the patient’s daily activities and are often accompanied by emotional and relational difficulties that have a great impact on the quality of life of the patient and their families. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been found to be effective in controlling seizures and may also improve cognitive and behavioral abilities. Material and Methods: The Quality of Life of the Patient with Epilepsy (CAVE) scale was applied to patients with refractory epilepsies who use Cannabidiol (CBD) added to their base therapy, before the use of CBD and after 12 months of follow-up. The presentation of collateral effects was also evaluated. Results: Out of 34 patients, 26 (76.5%) increased their CAVE value at the end of the study and only 1 (2.9%) decreased. 19 (55.9%) improved in learning and behavior, 55.8% in the frequency of seizures and 79.4% reported a decrease in the intensity of seizures. There were other positive side effects such as improvement in alertness, language, sleep and behavior. The main side effects were mild and transitory, including drowsiness, and constipation. There was a correlation between the global perception of improvement and seizure control. Conclusions: This study shows that in the long term CBD improves the quality of life of patients with refractory epilepsies, through the control of seizures and the improvement of cognitive and behavioral functions.

关键词： Quality of Life Refractory Epilepsy Cannabidiol

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