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Geoengineering: proactive measures to tackle climate change

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National science Review 2024年第4期11卷 299-304页

作者：朱禾 the editorial office of NsR in Beijing

As of 20 August, 2023, extensive parts of northern China including the capital city of Beijing had experienced arguably the hottest summer in recent years, recording consecutive days of high temperatures at or near 40°C. Against this backdrop, National science Review (NsR) organized a web forum on a climate-related topic that needs more exposure to Chinese public and researchers alike:geoengineering.

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Toxicity mechanisms of photodegraded polyvinyl chloride nanoplastics on pea seedlings

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 111-124页

作者： Hao Wu Beibei he Bocheng Chen An Liu College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Nanoplasctics(NPs),which are very small in particle size,exert toxic effect to ***,compared to original NPs,photodegraded NPs would pose higher *** is because their relatively higher specific surface areas and the presence of additives which can more easily *** original NPs and aged NPs affect plant growth has not been widely *** work chose polyvinyl chloride NPs(PVC-NPs)that were subjected to up to 1000 h UV light radiation to explore the impact of PVC-NPs on the growth of pea seedlings(Pisum sativum L.).The results indicated the existence of PVC-NPs with longer UV light radiation time and higher concentrations had more negative influences on pea seedlings’growth such as germination rate(decreased by 10.6%–22.5%),stem length(decreased by 2.8%–8.1%),dry weight(decreased by 6.3%–7.1%)and fresh weight(decreased by 6.7%–14.8%).It was also noted that photodegraded PVC-NPs resulted in damage to leaf stomata and roots,hindering photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients and hence the decrease in chlorophyll and soluble sugar *** to transcriptomic investigation results,the presence of aged PVC-NPs primarily influenced protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum(upregulated metabolic pathway)and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis(downregulated metabolic pathway)of pea *** results provide an in-depth understanding of how NPs influence the growth of plants.

关键词： Nanoplasctics Polyvinyl chloride Toxicity mechanisms Plant growth

Neural stem Cell Competition

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 277-279页

作者： Yanan Li Jie he state Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Institute of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Cell competition is an adaptive surveillance mechanism to ensure the robustness of developmental outputs,maintain tissue integrity,and regulate tumor progression in multicellular organisms,which is highly conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates[1].At the cellular level,cell competition represents a non-cell-autonomous process in that cells can sense the fitness of their neighbors through cellular interactions,thereby eliminating low-fitness cells and expanding high-fitness counterparts,however,cells develop normally in homogenous populations.

关键词： thereby maintain eliminating

Designing novel adaptive dynamic event-triggered protocols for uncertain multi-agent systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 310-311页

作者： Bin CheNG Bin he College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji University Frontiers science Center for Intelligent Autonomous systems

Multi-agent systems (MAss) have garnered widespread attention and have been investigated by numerous researchers in recent years, primarily due to their broad applications in industry, transportation, agriculture, and astronomy. While studying the cooperative control of MAss, numerous researchers place emphasis on reducing the frequency of communication among neighboring agents.

关键词： Directed graphs

Polymeric hollow fiber membrane for cooling crystallization seeding:On the mechanism of induced nucleation based on thermal transfer Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 38-49页

作者： Zeman he shaofu Du Guanying shao Peiyu Li Lei sheng Gaohong he Xiaobin Jiang Wu Xiao state Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringEngineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Energy-efficient Separation Technology of Liaoning ProvinceDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Cooling crystallization is an important separation process and particuology technology that requires accurate nucleation control ***,we introduced the polymeric hollow fiber membrane with proper thermal properties as the effective nucleation induction interface during cooling *** heterogeneous nucleation control mechanism was introduced based on classical nucleation theory and the thermal transfer *** properties and the thermal conductivity of two kinds of polymeric membranes,polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)and polyethersulfone(PEs),were measured and simulated with the developed *** two membranes possessed different nucleation induction periods,nucleation rates and crystallization performances,which validated that the hollow fiber membrane module could effectively accelerate the nucleation process compared to conventional cooling crystallization owing to the shorter nucleation induction period and the reduced solution surface *** to the higher hydrophobicity and the lower roughness of the membrane surface,the PTFE membrane possessed a more moderate performance in generating stable heterogeneous nucleation than the one of PEs ***,the adjustable membrane property enabled the hollow fiber membrane-assisted cooling crystallization to possess the accurate nucleation control and desired terminal particle products.

关键词： Cooling crystallization Nucleation Particle process Hollow fiber membrane Induction period Process control

No basalt accumulation and segregation atop the 660-km discontinuity beneath the sea of Okhotsk

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第4期8卷 621-631页

作者： BingXin Zhou XiaoBo he Marine science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan Zhejiang 316022China

Recent seismic evidence shows that basalt accumulation is widespread in the mantle transition zone(MTZ),yet its ubiquity or sporadic nature remains *** investigate this phenomenon further,we characterized the velocity structure across the 660-km discontinuity that separates the upper mantle from the lower mantle beneath the sea of Okhotsk by modeling the waveform of the s660P phase,a downgoing s wave converting into a P wave at the 660-km *** waves were excited by two regional>410-km-deep events and were recorded by stations in central *** findings showed no need to introduce velocity anomalies at the base of the MTZ to explain the s660P waveforms because the IAsP91 model adequately reproduced the *** finding indicates that the basalt accumulation has not affected the bottom of the MTZ in the study ***,this discontinuity is primarily controlled by temperature or water content variations,or ***,we argue that the basalt accumulation at the base of the MTZ is sporadic,not ubiquitous,reflecting its heterogeneous distribution.

关键词： 660-km discontinuity s660P basalt segregation mantle transition zone western Pacific subduction zone

Recent progress on impact induced reaction mechanism of reactive alloys

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 69-95页

作者： Yansong Yang Chuanting Wang Yuanpei Meng Yue Ma Lei Guo Yuan he Zhichao sun Yong he school of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuChina

In recent years,in order to improve the destructive effectiveness of munitions,the use of new types of destructive elements is an important way to improve destructive *** a new type of reactive material,reactive alloy contains a large portion of reactive metal elements(Al,Mg,Ti,Zr,etc.),which breaks up under high-velocity impact conditions,generating a large number of high-temperature combustible fragments,which undergo a violent combustion reaction with *** with traditional metal polymers(Al-PTFE)and other reactive composites,it has higher density and strength,excellent mechanical properties and broader application ***,researchers have mainly investigated the impact energy release mechanism of reactive alloys through impact tests,and found that there are several important stages in the process of the material from fragmentation to reaction,i.e.,impact fragmentation of the material,rapid heating and combustion *** paper focuses on three problems that need to be solved in the impact-induced energy release process of reactive alloys,namely:the fragmentation mechanism and size distribution law of the fragments produced by the impact of the material on the target,the relationship between the transient temperatures and the size of the fragments,and the reaction temperatures and size thresholds of the fragments to undergo the chemical *** current status of the research of the above problems is reviewed,some potential directions to reveal the impact induced reaction mechanism of reactive alloy is discussed.

关键词： Reactive alloys Impact Fragmentation Mass and size distribution shock temperature rise Adiabatic shear Combustion

Illuminating functions of evolutionarily conserved long non-coding RNAs

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science China(Life sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2043-2044页

作者： Ruiqiao he Fangqing Zhao Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of systems health science of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China

Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs)serve as crucial regulators of gene expression,influencing various physiological processes and disease states(Cabili et al.,2011;Ulitsky and Bartel,2013;Yao et al.,2019).Dysregulation of certain notable lnc RNAs,such as HOTAIR and MALAT1,has been implicated in a wide range of pathological processes,including tumorigenesis in various human cancers(Gupta et al.,2010;Kim et al.,2018).However,the functions of the majority of lnc RNAs remain elusive.

关键词： MALAT1 HOTAIR

The Role of Adipose Tissue-derived Exosomes in Chronic Metabolic Disorders

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Current Medical science 2024年第3期44卷 463-474页

作者： Rui he Yong CheN Division of Endocrinology Department of Internal MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging of the Ministry of EducationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Wuhan430030China

Excessive fat deposition in obese subjects promotes the occurrence of metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),cardiovascular diseases,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Adipose tissue is not only the main form of energy storage but also an endocrine organ that not only secretes adipocytokines but also releases many extracellular vesicles(EVs)that play a role in the regulation of whole-body *** are a subtype of EVs,and accumulating evidence indicates that adipose tissue exosomes(AT Exos)mediate crosstalk between adipose tissue and multiple organs by being transferred to targeted cells or tissues through paracrine or endocrine ***,the roles of AT Exos in crosstalk with metabolic organs remain to be fully *** this review,we summarize the latest research progress on the role of AT Exos in the regulation of metabolic ***,we discuss the potential role of AT Exos as biomarkers in metabolic diseases and their clinical application.

关键词： exosome adipose tissue obesity diabetes chronic metabolic disorder miRNA