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New opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu Jennifer Morrell-Falvey hugh o'neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at oak Ridge National Laboratory(oRNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

A Comparison of the Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Keratitis

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open Journal of ophthalmology 2014年第3期4卷 65-74页

作者： Victoria E. McGilligan Jonathan E. Moore Mohammad Tallouzi Sarah D. Atkinson hugh o’neill Susan Feeney Elena S. Novitskaya Anant Sharma Sunil Shah Jonathan A. Jackson David G. Frazer Tara C. B. Moore Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre City Hospital Birmingham UK Centre for Molecular Biosciences University of Ulster Coleraine N. Ireland Department of ophthalmology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust The Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast N. Ireland Department of ophthalmology Moorfields at Bedford Hospital Bedford UK Regional Virology Laboratory Belfast Health and Social Care Trust The Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast N. Ireland

Purpose: To compare the clinical and molecular diagnoses of Herpes Simplex Keratitis (HSK). Materials and Methods: Conjunctival swabs (after fluorescein and anaesthetic wash out) and detailed questionnaire data were obtained from 146 participants. Corneal rims and conjunctival epithelial cells were infected with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 or HSV2 and supernatant collected. HSV1;HSV2;Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) and Adenovirus (ADV) DNA was assessed using two real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. Results: of the 146 participants recruited, 54 were clinically diagnosed with typical epithelial lesions and 38 with atypical epithelial lesions, 17 with old inactive HSK and 37 healthy volunteers. HSV1 DNA was detected in 28 (30%) of the 92 participants with clinically suspect HSK. Patients who presented with typical epithelial lesions had a higher positive rate (46%) than those who presented with atypical type lesions (8%), when using primers against the Glycoprotein (Gp) G region of the virus. When the same samples were retested with primers against the GpB region, the positive rate for the typical and atypical cases increased to 52% and 11% respectively. Antiviral use at the time of sampling reduced the rate of PCR positivity by 20% (p of the typical cases and 8% of the atypical cases. All control participants with no history of HSK were negative for HSV1 DNA. Sample quantity was confirmed by testing for housekeeping control genes, beta-actin and beta-2 macroglobulin. PCR results from in vitro control investigations of HSV1 and 2 infected corneal rims and conjunctival epithelial cells were 100% positive for infected and 100% negative for uninfected samples when assessed using both PCR methods. Conclusions: Clinical diagnosis of typical HSK is not always confirmed by PCR. Concomitant use of an antiviral reduces levels of PCR positivity. Given this and the findings that other ocular surface pathogens may mimic HSK pat

关键词： Herpes Simplex Keratitis PCR Antivirals Viralgenotype

INTERNATIoNAL WoMEN'S MoVEMENT CoMES oF AGE AT FWCW

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China Population Today 1996年第1期13卷 13-14页

作者： hugh o’Haire

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ＩＮＴＥＲＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＷＯＭＥＮ＇ＳＭＯＶＥＭＥＮＴＣＯＭＥＳＯＦＡＧＥＡＴＦＷＣＷＨｕｇｈＯ＇ＨａｉｒｅＴｈｅＦｏｕｒｔｈＷｏｒｌｄＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎＷｏｍｅｎｗｉｌｌｂｅｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｅｄｌｏｎｇａｎｄｆａｒａｓｔｈｅｆｉｎａｌｓｔｅ...

关键词： AT INTERNATIoNAL WoMEN’S MoVEMENT CoMES oF AGE AT FWCW

Finite element analysis of small-scale hot compression testing

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第17期76卷 174-188页

作者： Patryk Jedrasiak hugh Shercliff Department of Engineering University of CambridgeTrumpington StCambridgeCB21PZUK

This paper models hot compression testing using a dilatometer in loading *** small-scale tests provide a high throughput at low cost,but are susceptible to inhomogeneity due to friction and temperature gradients.A novel method is presented for correcting the true stress-strain constitutive response over the full range of temperatures,strain-rates and *** nominal response from the tests is used to predict the offset in the stress-strain curves due to inhomogeneity,and this stress offsetΔσis applied piecewise to the data,correcting the constitutive response in one iteration.A key new feature is the smoothing and fitting of the flow stress data as a function of temperature and strain-rate,at multiple discrete *** corrected model then provides quantitative prediction of the spatial and temporal variation in strain-rate and strain throughout the sample,needed to correlate the local deformation conditions with the microstructure and texture *** study uses a detailed series of 144 hot compression tests of a Zr-Nb *** this is an important wrought nuclear alloy in its own right,it also serves here as a test case for modelling the dilatometer for hot testing of high temperature alloys,particularly those with dualα-βphase microstructures(such as titanium alloys).

关键词： Finite element analysis Process modelling Hot compression testing Upsetting Zr alloys Ti alloys

Stress-augmented thermal activation:Tribology feels the force

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Friction 2018年第1期6卷 1-31页

作者： hugh SPIKES Tribology Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College

In stress-augmented thermal activation, the activation energy barrier that controls the rate of atomic and molecular processes is reduced by the application of stress, with the result that the rate of these processes increases exponentially with applied stress. This concept has particular relevance to Tribology, and since its development in the early twentieth century, it has been applied to develop important models of plastic flow, sliding friction, rheology, wear, and tribochemistry. This paper reviews the development of stress-augmented thermal activation and its application to all of these areas of Tribology. The strengths and limitations of the approach are then discussed and future directions considered. From the scientific point of view, the concept of stress-augmented thermal activation is important since it enables the development of models that describe macroscale tribological performance, such as friction coefficient or tribofilm formation, in terms of the structure and behaviour of individual atoms and molecules. This both helps us understand these processes at a fundamental level and also provides tools for the informed design of lubricants and surfaces.

关键词： stress activation stress augmented thermal activation mechanochemistry friction EHD friction wear Eyring

Masirah-the other oman ophiolite:A better analogue for mid-ocean ridge processes?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第6期8卷 1253-1262页

作者： hugh Rollinson Geoscience University of DerbyKedleston RoadDerby DE22 1GBUK

oman has two ophiolites-the better known late Cretaceous northern oman(or Semail)ophiolite and the lesser known and smaller,Jurassic Masirah ophiolite located on the eastern coast of the country adjacent to the Indian ocean.A number of geological,geochronological and geochemical lines of evidence strongly suggest that the northern oman ophiolite did not form at a mid-ocean ridge but rather in a supra-subduction zone setting by fast spreading during subduction *** contrast the Masirah ophiolite is structurally part of a series of ophiolite nappes which are rooted in the Indian ocean *** are significant geochemical differences between the Masirah and northern oman ophiolites and none of the supra-subduction features typical of the northern oman ophiolite are found at *** Masirah is MoRB,although in detail it contains both enriched and depleted MoRB reflecting a complex source for the lavas and *** enrichment of this source predates the formation of the *** condensed crustal section on Masirah(ca.2 km)contains a very thin gabbro sequence and is thought to reflect its genesis from a cool mantle source associated with the early stages of sea-floor spreading during the early separation of eastern and western *** data suggest that the Masirah ophiolite is a suitable analogue for an ophiolite created at a mid-ocean ridge,whereas the northern oman ophiolite is *** stratigraphic history of the Masirah ophiolite shows that it remained a part of the oceanic crust for ca.80 *** chemical variability and enrichment of the Masirah lavas is similar to that found elsewhere in Indian ocean basalts and may simply reflect a similar provenance rather than a feature fundamental to the formation of the ophiolite.

关键词： oman ophiolite Suprasubduction Sea-floor spreading Masirah

Limitations in assessment of mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 15-20页

作者： hugh James Freeman Department of Medicine University of British Columbia

An emerging parameter to define the effectiveness of new therapeutic agents in clinical trials,and by extension,for use in day-to-day clinical practice has been labeled mucosal *** has been hypothesized that complete healing of the intestinal mucosa in inflammatory bowel diseases should result in reduced disease complications,reduced hospitalization and reduced surgical *** implication,the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease might then be altered. Measurement of mucosal healing,however,is largely observational,requiring repeated invasive endoscopic examinations,sometimes with mucosal *** indirect imaging methods may play a role in this assessment along with other surrogate markers,including intestinal *** measurements may have significant limitations that prohibit precise correlation with symptom-based disease activity indices in clinical *** likely reflects the dynamic nature of this evolving and individualized inflammatory process that tends to be focused,but not limited,to the mucosa of the intestinal tract.

关键词： Intestinal mucosa Digestive system endoscopy Clinical trials

Surveillance for colitis-associated colon neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第37期16卷 4646-4651页

作者： hugh James Freeman Department of Medicine University of British Columbia

The risk of developing colon cancer is increased in colitis patients, particularly if the disease is extensive and its duration long-standing. Endoscopic guidelines have been developed with the goal of detecting early neoplastic changes prior to development of advanced malignancy. Unfortunately, the natural history of this superimposed neoplastic process in colitis appears to be very heterogeneous and poorly understood. Moreover, there are numerous confounding variables in colitis patients that limit accurate assessment of the surveillance effectiveness of colonoscopy and multi-site biopsy protocols. Although the clinical challenge posed to even the most experienced clinicians remains significant, evolving methods of endoscopic imaging may facilitate better evaluation of this highly select group of patients.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Colon cancer Surveillance colonoscopy Colon biopsies

Comparative diffusion coefficients of major and trace elements in olivine at～950℃from a xenocryst included in dioritic magma

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Comparative diffusion coefficients of major and trace elemen...