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Prospects of Biological Resources in Mitigating agricultural Disasters

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 2001年第2期10卷 11-15页

作者： WANG Shaonan (1) , YE Zhihua (2) and YU Dazhao (1) ((1)Plant Protection Institute, hubei academy of agricultural sciences, Wuhan 430064 (2)Science and Technology Administration Bureau, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences) Plant Protection Institute Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064 Science and Technology Administration Bureau Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This paper analyzes the agricultural impacts of meteorological disasters, such as flood and drought, and biological disasters such as crop diseases, insect pests, weeds and rodents; and elaborates that efficacious development and utilization of biological resources are an effective way to preventing and mitigating agricultural disasters. Subjects for research on the development of biological resources are identified.

关键词： biological resources agriculture disaster reduction

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用杀虫双大粒剂防治水稻二化螟和三化螟的研究

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昆虫学报 1988年第4期31卷 371-378页

作者：朱文达屠予钦湖北省农科院植保所中国农科院植保所武汉北京

本文报告一种防治水稻螟虫的杀虫双新剂型和使用效果。含有效成份5％的杀虫双大粒剂,每公斤含2000粒左右,在每亩1—1.25公斤的用量下,药效显著优于六六六、呋喃丹及杀虫脒等残留和高毒性农药。处理一亩田只需数分钟。在七个县和四个农场... 详细信息

本文报告一种防治水稻螟虫的杀虫双新剂型和使用效果。含有效成份5％的杀虫双大粒剂,每公斤含2000粒左右,在每亩1—1.25公斤的用量下,药效显著优于六六六、呋喃丹及杀虫脒等残留和高毒性农药。处理一亩田只需数分钟。在七个县和四个农场共266440亩稻田的示范试验中,防治效果达84.5—100％。杀虫双在田水中扩散迅速,24小时内即可扩散分布到全田。持效期较长,可达两周之久。但在蝗虫已蛀入稻茎后施用大粒剂,有效施药期只有3—4天。本文对杀虫双大粒剂的使用技术进行了经济效益、社会效益和生态效益方面的评价。

关键词：水稻螟虫杀虫双大粒剂

Transformation of Applied Phosphorus in a Calcareous Fluvisol

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Pedosphere 1993年第3期3卷 277-283页

作者： TUSHU－XIN GUOZHI－FEN 等 InstituteofApplicationofAtomicEnergyinAgriculture HubeiAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesWuhan430064 Inst

A new inorganic phosphorus (IP) fractionation scheme developed by Jiang and Gu was used in an incubation experiment to investigate the transformation of applied P in a calcareous fluvisol. The results show that after addition of common superphosphate (CSP), the Ca2-P in the soil decreased gradually and transformed largely to the less available Fe-P, Al-P and Ca8-P, rather than to the unavailable forms of Ca10-P and O-P. The different IP fractions ranked in the following order with respect to the increment by addition of CSP after 120 days of incubation: Fe-P> Al-P>Ca8-P>Ca2-P. After addition of pig manure, the content of Ca2-P in the soil increased rapidly at first and then decreased slowly, and the amount of different IP fractions accumulated after 120 days of incubation ranked in the following order: Ca2-P > Fe-P > Ca8-P > Al-P. Evidently, the variation in content of Ca2-P and the order of increase in different IP fractions in incubation induced by application of pig manure were quite different from that of CSP. The increase in IP fractions in the incubation of broad bean green manure (BBGM)for 120 days was in the rank of Fe-P > Ca2-P > Ca8-P > Al-P; but because organic phosphorus (OP) of BBGM degraded relatively slowly, the increment in IP fractions was lower than that of pig manure. Wheat straw was difficult to mineralize and induced a strong biological fixation of soil P, resulting in a decrease of the content of Ca2-P, even Ca8-P, Fe-P and Al-P.

关键词： calcareous fluvisol inorganic P fractionation transformation

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应用^(15)N研究不同氮肥在麦田土壤中的去向及脲酶抑制剂的效果

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同位素 1992年第4期5卷 193-197页

作者：郭智芬刘国庆湖北省农业科学院原子能应用研究所武汉430064

研究以盆栽试验为主,并结合大田试验,利用^(15)N示踪法对我国南方两种土壤上尿素、硝酸铵不同氮肥的去向及脲酶抑制剂对氮肥去向的影响进行了细致研究。特别阐明了氨的挥发和氮素的淋溶损失动态状况。在黄棕壤上,尿素中氨的挥发损失率... 详细信息

研究以盆栽试验为主,并结合大田试验,利用^(15)N示踪法对我国南方两种土壤上尿素、硝酸铵不同氮肥的去向及脲酶抑制剂对氮肥去向的影响进行了细致研究。特别阐明了氨的挥发和氮素的淋溶损失动态状况。在黄棕壤上,尿素中氨的挥发损失率大于硝酸铵,分别为11.7%和8.1%,前者比后者大43.7%;而氮的淋溶损失率则相反,分别为0.70%和0.79%,硝酸铵淋溶损失率比尿素高11.4%。在红黄土上氨的挥发损失率比在黄棕壤上小,仅为5.3%。首次指出了这两种氮肥的挥发损失远大于淋漏损失的结果。查明了增施脲酶抑制剂对提高氮肥利用、减少氨的挥发损失的明显作用。

关键词： ^(15)N同位素示踪尿素硝酸铵黄棕壤红黄土脲酶

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杉木同源染色体随体异形现象

武汉植物学研究 1986年第1期 103-104页

作者：张朝成湖北省农业科学院

一般植物的体细胞染色体组中,两条同源染色体上的随体形态、大小都是相似的。作者在观察杉木[Cunninghamia laceolota(Lamb.)Hook.]染色体时,发现杉木同源染色体上的随体明显存在异形现象。作者采用武昌狮子山上杉树的混收种子,发芽后... 详细信息

一般植物的体细胞染色体组中,两条同源染色体上的随体形态、大小都是相似的。作者在观察杉木[Cunninghamia laceolota(Lamb.)Hook.]染色体时,发现杉木同源染色体上的随体明显存在异形现象。作者采用武昌狮子山上杉树的混收种子,发芽后取根尖用对二氯苯预处理,铁矾苏木精染色压片。观察结果表明:杉木第4对(随体未计算在内)染色体的短臂上有一随体。在同一个细胞里,一个随体柄较细长,头部呈圆球形,鼓锤状;另一个随体柄较粗

关键词：杉木同源染色体随体

Cloning and characterization of a novel barley gene,HvORG4,induced by Fusarium graminearum infection

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Cloning and characterization of a novel barley gene,HvORG4,i...