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Characterization of submicron aerosol particles in winter at Albany,New York

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 118-129页

作者： Xiuli Wei Huaqiao Gui Jianguo Liu Ying Cheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230031China

A thorough understanding of chemical composition,particle pH,and pollutant emissions is essential to address the climate and human health effects of atmospheric particles.In this study,we used a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS)and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer(SMPS)to characterize the composition of submicron particles.Moreover,we applied the ISORROPIA-II model to analyze the particle acidity effect on the compositional characterization of submicron particles from December 22,2016 to January 7,2017 in Albany,New York,USA.The results indicated that aerosols with mobility diameter from SMPS in the range 200–400 nm were the main contributors to the mass during the measurement period.The dominance of organics(47%)and sulfate(16%)was similar to previous observations in the eastern United States in Winter 2015,while the fraction of nitrate(23%)was much higher.Moreover,nitrate could easily form at colder temperatures and lower RH levels even when there were more acidic particle periods during the measurement period in Albany.The ISORROPIA-II model indicated that there were more acidic particles,which was estimated using pH values.Lower temperature conditions tended to favor nitrate formation.The nitrate concentration exceeded that of sulfate in the measurement period,even though the SO2and NOxemissions were similar.The organics in submicron particles were strongly influenced by the local emissions in winter.However,the inorganic compounds in submicron particles could be derived from regional transport as their pollution sources originated from different directions.This may help strategize emission reductions in the future.

关键词： Submicron particles Chemical composition Particle pH HR-ToF-AMS ISORRPIA-II model

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Real-world gaseous emission characteristics of natural gas heavy-duty sanitation trucks

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 319-329页

作者： Jiguang Wang Huaqiao Gui Zhiwen Yang Tongzhu Yu Xiaowen Zhang Jianguo Liu Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. LtdTianjin 300300China Innovation excellence center for urban atmospheric environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

As compared to conventional diesel heavy-duty vehicles,natural gas vehicles have been proved to be more eco-friendly due to their lower production of greenhouse gas and pollu-tant emissions,which are causing enormous adverse effects on global warming and air pol-lution.However,natural gas vehicles were rarely studied before,especially through on-road measurements.In this study,a portable emission measurement system(PEMS)was em-ployed to investigate the real-world emissions of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))(nitrogen monoxide(NO),nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))),total hydrocarbons(THC),carbon monoxide(CO),and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))from two liquified natural gas(LNG)China V heavy-duty cleaning sanitation trucks with different weight.Associated with the more aggressive driving behaviors,the ve-hicle with lower weight exhibited higher CO_(2)(3%)but lower NO_(x)(48.3%)(NO_(2)(78.2%)and NO(29.4%)),CO(44.8%),and THC(3.7%)emission factors.Aggressive driving behaviors were also favorable to the production of THC,especially those in the medium-speed range but sig-nificantly negative to the production of CO and NO_(2),especially those in the low-speed range with high engine load.In particular,the emission rate ratio of NO_(2)/NO decreased with the increase of speed/scaled tractive power in different speed ranges.

关键词： Natural gas sanitation vehicle PEMS Gaseous pollutant emission

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Investigating the effect of volatility on the hygroscopicities of acetate nanoparticle aerosols by surface plasmon resonance microscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 167-178页

作者： Bo Yang Zhibo Xie Jianguo Liu Huaqiao Gui Jiaoshi Zhang Xiuli Wei Zetao Fan Douguo Zhang Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province Department of Optics and Optical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Under high relative humidity(RH)conditions,the release of volatile components(such as acetate)has a significant impact on the aerosol hygroscopicity.In this work,one surface plasmon resonance microscopy(SPRM)measurement system was introduced to determine the hygroscopic growth factors(GFs)of three acetate aerosols separately or mixed with glucose at different RHs.For Ca(CH_(3)COO)_(2) or Mg(CH_(3)COO)_(2) aerosols,the hygroscopic growth trend of each time was lower than that of the previous time in three cyclic humidification from 70% RH to 90% RH,which may be due to the volatility of acetic acid leading to the formation of insoluble hydroxide(Ca(OH)_(2) or Mg(OH)_(2))under high RH conditions.Then the third calculated GF(using the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson method)for Ca(CH_(3)COO)_(2) or Mg(CH_(3)COO)_(2) in bicomponent aerosols with 1:1 mass ratio were 3.20% or 5.33% lower than that of the first calculated GF at 90% RH.The calculated results also showed that the hygroscopicity change of bicomponent aerosol was negatively correlated with glucose content,especially when the mass ratio of Mg(CH_(3)COO)_(2) to glucose was 1:2,the GF at 90% RH only decreased by4.67% after three cyclic humidification.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrum(ICP-AES)based measurements also indicated that the changes of Mg^(2+)concentration in bicomponent was lower than that of the single-component.The results of this study reveal thatduring the efflorescence transitions of atmospheric nanoparticles,the organic acids diffusion rate may be inhibited by the coating effect of neutral organic components,and the particles aging cycle will be prolonged.

关键词： Hygroscopic growth Volatility Acetate aerosols Nanoparticle aerosol Surface plasmon resonance

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Retrieval of refractive index of ultrafine single particle using hygroscopic growth factor obtained by high sensitive surface plasmon resonance microscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 483-493页

作者： Bo Yang Jianguo Liu Zhibo Xie Jiaoshi Zhang Xiuli Wei Yixin Yang DexiaWu Huaqiao Gui Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

When exposed to different relative humidities (RHs),the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols will change because of changes in the aerosol particle size and complex refractive index (RI),which will affect haze formation and global climate change.The potential contributions of ultrafine particles to the atmospheric optical characteristics and to haze spreading cannot be ignored because of their high particle number concentrations and strong diffusibility;measurement of the optical properties of wet ultrafine particles is thus highly important for environmental assessment.Therefore,a surface plasmon resonance microscopy with azimuthal rotation illumination (SPRM-ARI) system is designed to determine the RIs of single particle aerosols with diameters of less than 100 nm in the hygroscopic growth process.Measurements are taken using mixed single particles with different mass ratios.The RIs of mixed single aerosols at different RHs are retrieved by measuring the scattering light intensity using the SPRM-ARI system and almost all the RIs of the bicomponent particles with different mass ratios decrease with increasing water content under high RH conditions.Finally,for each of the bicomponent particles,the maximum standard deviations for the retrieved RI values are only 2.06×10^(-3),3.08×10^(-3)and 3.83×10^(-3),corresponding to the NaCl and NaNO_(3)bicomponent particles with a 3:1 mass ratio at 76.0%RH,the NaCl and glucose particles with a 1:3 mass ratio at 89.0%RH,and the NaCl and OA particles with a 1:1 mass ratio at 78.0%RH,respectively;these results indicate that the high-sensitivity SPRM-ARI system can measure the RI effectively and accurately.

关键词： Refractive index Ultrafine single particle Hygroscopic growth factor Surface plasmon resonance High-sensitivity

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Simulation of three-stage operating temperature for supersaturation water-based condensational growth tube

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 275-285页

作者： Jiejie Bian Huaqiao Gui Zhibo Xie Tongzhu Yu Xiuli Wei Wenyu Wang Jianguo Liu Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In order to realize accurate dynamic control of supersaturation and to study condensation growth characteristics of nanoparticles through different levels of super saturation,a series of parametric analyses and systematic comparisons between two-stage and three-stage operating temperature designs were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics.The simulation results showed that the three-stage operating temperature did not change peak supersaturation compared with two operating temperatures,and the three-stage operating temperature was superior in decreasing the amount of water vapor and the temperature,thus lowering particle loss and variation in detection and collection.The peak supersaturation level increased by 0.3 as the flow rate increased from 0.6 to 2.0 L/min,but the supersaturation peak moved from 0.0027 z0 to 0.08 z0(i.e.,the growth time and the final size decreased by 40%).Peak supersaturation increased as the temperature difference increased or the temperature difference window was shifting left,and minimum activation size decreased.Shifting the 70℃temperature difference window from 9℃,79℃-1℃,71℃for the condenser and initiator temperatures resulted in peak supersaturation in the centerline being above 5.8,and the activation size changed as low as 1 nm.Experiments with flow rates varying by a factor of 2.5(from 0.6 to 1.5 L/min)resulted in a final size decrease of 43%(from 3.2 to 1.8μm),and experimental results of outlet particle size distributions were equivalent with theoretical analysis as the operating temperature was changed.

关键词： Operating temperature Supersaturation profile Flow rate Minimum activation size Temperature difference

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Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China:A review and outlook

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 41-53页

作者： Youwen Sun Ting Yang Huaqiao Gui Xin Li Weigang Wang Jun Duan Shushuai Mao Hao Yin Bin Zhou Jianlei Lang Haijin Zhou Cheng Liu Pinhua Xie Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control College of Environmental&Energy EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources,chemical mechanisms,and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China,and for regulatory and control purposes.This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years.China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort.The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved,and a technical&production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated.It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.

关键词： Atmospheric pollution Atmospheric environment Atmospheric monitoring Environmental instrument

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Development of a static test apparatus for evaluating the performance of three PM2.5 separators commonly used in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第1期32卷 238-249页

作者： Peng Du Jianguo Liu Huaqiao Gui Jiaoshi Zhang Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yin Cheng Yihuai Lu Yawei Yao Qiang Fu ChihChieh Chen Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology AnhuiInstitute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy cf SciencesXiamen 361021China China National Environment Monitoring Centre Beijing 100012China Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene "National"Taituan UniversityChinese TaipeiTaiiuan

PM2.5 separator directly affects the accuracy of PM2.5 sampling.The specification testing and evaluation for PM2.5 separator is particularly important,especially under China’s wide variation of terrain and climate.In this study,first a static test apparatus based on polydisperse aerosol was established and calibrated to evaluate the performance of the PM2.5 separators.A uniform mixing chamber was developed to make particles mix completely.The aerosol concentration relative standard deviations of three test points at the same horizontal chamber position were less than 0.57%,and the particle size distribution obeyed logarithmic normal distribution with an R2 of 0.996.The flow rate deviation between the measurement and the set point flow rate agreed to within±1.0%in the range of-40 to 50℃.Secondly,the separation,flow and loading characteristics of three cyclone separators(VSCC-A,SCC-A and SCC112)were evaluated using this system.The results showed that the 50%cutoff sizes(D50)of the three cyclones were 2.48,2.47 and 2.44μm when worked at the manufacturer’s recommended flow rates,respectively.The geometric standard deviation(GSD)of the capture efficiency of VSCCA was 1.23,showed a slightly sharper than SCC-A(GSD=1.27),while the SCC112 did not meet the relevant indicator(GSD=1.2±0.1)with a GSD=1.44.The flow rate and loading test had a great effect on D50,while the GSD remained almost the same as before.In addition,the maintenance frequency under different air pollution conditions of the cyclones was summarized according to the loading test.

关键词： PM2.5 separator Performance assessment Separation characteristics Flow characteristics Loading test

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Identification of long-range transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing from 2014 to 2015

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 214-229页

作者： Deping Li Jianguo Liu Jiaoshi Zhang Huaqiao Gui Peng Du Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yihuai Lu Wenqing Liu Yin Cheng Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology AnhuiInstitute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function （PSCF） and concentration-weighted trajectory （CWT） methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM2.s and PMIo in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970 hPa in summer and autumn and below 950 hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM2.s and PMIo were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CV/T analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PMIo were similar to those of PM2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing＇s surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons.

关键词： PM2.5 PM40 Cluster analyses PSCFCWT Beijing

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Review on recent progress in on-line monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 367-386页

作者： Huanqin Wang Jitong Zhou Xue Li Qiang Ling Hongyuan Wei Lei Gao Ying He Ming Zhu Xiao Xiao Youjiang Liu Shan Li Chilai Chen Guotao Duan Zhimin Peng Peili Zhou Yufeng Duan Jianbing Wang Tongzhu Yu Yixin Yang Jiguang Wang Zhen Zhou Huaqiao Gui Yanjun Ding State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology Institute of Intelligent MachinesHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Tianjin 300300China Institute of Solid State Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China School of Electronic Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Emissions from mobile sources and stationary sources contribute to atmospheric pollution in China,and its components,which include ultrafine particles(UFPs),volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and other reactive gases,such as NH3and NOx,are the most harmful to human health.China has released various regulations and standards to address pollution from mobile and stationary sources.Thus,it is urgent to develop online monitoring technology for atmospheric pollution source emissions.This study provides an overview of the main progress in mobile and stationary source monitoring technology in China and describes the comprehensive application of some typical instruments in vital areas in recent years.These instruments have been applied to monitor emissions from motor vehicles,ships,airports,the chemical industry,and electric power generation.Not only has the level of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment been improving,but relevant regulations and standards have also been constantly updated.Meanwhile,the developed instruments can provide scientific assistance for the successful implementation of regulations.According to the potential problem areas in atmospheric pollution in China,some research hotspots and future trends of atmospheric online monitoring technology are summarized.Furthermore,more advanced atmospheric online monitoring technology will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric pollution and improve environmental monitoring capacity.

关键词： Atmospheric pollution Mobile sources Stationary sources On-line monitoring technology

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高教改革背景下的大学生犯罪预防研究

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当代青年研究 2006年第12期 75-80页

作者：桂华乔华东师范大学

近年来大学生违法犯罪案件的增多引起了社会的广泛关注。许多专家学者从家庭、心理、社会环境等角度分析大学生犯罪现象进行分析。笔者认为,现阶段大学生犯罪现象的增多不仅与上述因素有紧密的联系,而且与我国当前高等教育改革的背景息... 详细信息

近年来大学生违法犯罪案件的增多引起了社会的广泛关注。许多专家学者从家庭、心理、社会环境等角度分析大学生犯罪现象进行分析。笔者认为,现阶段大学生犯罪现象的增多不仅与上述因素有紧密的联系,而且与我国当前高等教育改革的背景息息相关。对大学生犯罪的预防离不开对我国高教改革现状的反思,只有针对改革中出现的问题对症下药,才能为大学生的健康成长提供良好的教育环境,实现预防大学生犯罪的目标。

关键词：大学生犯罪高等教育改革

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