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A general stabilizing strategy based on vitamin C for n-type organic semiconductors

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Science China Materials 2025年第1期68卷 303-304页

作者： Hui huang College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

Organic semiconductors (OSCs), as an emerging next-generation semiconductor material, hold promising prospects in fields such as flexible displays, electronic skins, smart healthcare,and the Internet of Things, due to their excellent flexibility,solution processability, and tunable band structures [1,2]. These molecules are often classified into n-type and p-type, depending on whether the prevalent charge carriers are electrons or holes[3].

关键词： tunable semiconductors smart

Quickly obtaining densely dispersed coherent particles in steel matrix and its related mechanical property

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 111-118页

作者： Xiaoxiao Wang Qingsong huang School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Densely distributed coherent nanoparticles(DCN)in steel matrix can enhance the work-hardening ability and ductility of steel *** the routes to this end can be generally classified into the liquid-solid route and the solid-solid ***,the formation of DCN structures in steel requires long processes and complex *** far,obtaining steel with coherent particle enhancement in a short time remains a bottleneck,and some necessary steps remain ***,we show a high-efficiency liquid-phase refining process reinforced by a dynamic magnetic ***-Y-Mn-O particles had an average size of around(3.53±1.21)nm and can be obtained in just around 180 *** small nanoparticles were coherent with the matrix,implying no accumulated dislocations between the particles and the steel *** findings have a potential application for improving material machining capacity,creep resistance,and radiation resistance.

关键词： ferritic steels coherent particles microstructure compression test work hardening

Efficient white-light-emitting lead-free halide double perovskites enabling full-spectrum pc-WLEDs

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Science China Materials 2025年第1期68卷 305-306页

作者： Xiaoyong huang College of Physics and Optoelectronics Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

With the rapid development of solid-state lighting, an important goal of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) is to provide a healthy and comfortable fullspectrum artificial light source with a co... 详细信息

关键词： spectrum white light

Economic effect of China's carbon neutrality target under shared socioeconomic pathways

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 142-157页

作者： Zemiao LIU Xianjin huang Xinxian QI School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Territory Optimization Ministry of Natural ResourcesNanjing210023China Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China

Economic feasibility is crucial for achieving the carbon neutrality ***,current integrated assessments often underestimate the economic impacts of mitigation policies due to the lack of consideration of their economic *** study integrates a warming-labour productivity model with a typical integrated assessment model using shared socioeconomic *** simulates China's economic development and carbon emission levels under both baseline and carbon-neutral policy scenarios,evaluating the economic costs and benefits of emission reduction policies aimed at achieving carbon *** findings reveal the following:(1)The economic costs of emission reduction policies are projected to peak between 2050 and 2060,ranging from 0.41%to 9.37%of total GDP in the baseline scenario,primarily due to increased energy prices and R&D *** costs are expected to decline rapidly after 2070.(2)China's carbon-neutral policies will mitigate global warming,with the economic benefits of mitigation projected to reach 5.65%to 17.24%of China's total GDP by 2100.(3)Lowcarbon scenarios SSP1 and SSP4 could significantly reduce initial economic costs and advance the onset of net economic gains to *** integrated assessment confirms that China's carbon neutrality target offers substantial net economic benefits in the long *** minimize initial economic costs,efforts should focus on enhancing consumption-side transitions,upgrading lowcarbon technologies,and adopting new energy sources.

关键词： Climate change China Carbon neutrality Economic effects Policy

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Tectonic modes of mantle convection and their implications for Earth's tectonic evolution based on three-dimensional numerical simulations

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 270-296页

作者： Song XIANG Jinshui huang Bingcheng WU School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China CAS Center of Excellence in Comparative Planetary Studies Hefei230026China

Five tectonic modes of mantle convection are obtained and analyzed with three-dimensional numerical models in a spherical shell *** five tectonic convective modes are non-plate mobile-lid,plate-like mobile-lid,episodic plate-like mobile-lid,episodic stagnant-lid,and stagnant-lid convective modes,*** typical characteristics of these five tectonic modes and their numerical classification criteria based on plateness,mobility,and their standard deviations are presented and *** results show that the yield stress of the lithosphere has profound effects on the tectonic convective *** the gradual increase of yield stress,the tectonic mode of mantle convection changes from one to another sequentially through the aforementioned five ***,as the Rayleigh number increases,the range of yield stress for the platelike mobile-lid convective mode decreases,and the dimensionless transition stress between different tectonic modes ***,the dimensional transition stress between the non-plate mobile-lid convective mode and plate-like mobile-lid convective mode increases with the increase of Rayleigh number,but decreases between other tectonic ***,we find that the transition stress between different tectonic modes is inversely proportional to the internal heating rate,with the transition stress decreasing as the internal heating rate *** fitting analysis of the transition stress between tectonic modes shows that Earth's current plate tectonics correspond to a lithospheric yield stress of 150–250 MPa,which aligns with the strength of serpentinized mantle rock determined by experimental *** the Archean mantle was 300℃warmer than it is today,then the Earth was in an episodic stagnant-lid convective *** tectonic evolution of the Earth's surface is closely related to the lithospheric strength and the process of thermal *** the lithospheric strength was only 150 MPa,plate tecton

关键词： Tectonic mode of mantle convection Plate-like mobile-lid convection Episodic plate-like mobile-lid convection Episodic stagnant-lid convection Plate tectonics and tectonic evolution of the Earth

Local-contrastive-learning machine with both generalization and adversarial robustness:A statistical physics analysis

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 105-119页

作者： Mingshan Xie Yuchen Wang Haiping huang PMI Lab School of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Distinct from human cognitive processing,deep neural networks trained by backpropagation can be easily fooled by adversarial *** design a semantically meaningful representation learning,we discard backpropagation,and instead,propose a local contrastive learning,where the representations for the inputs bearing the same label shrink(akin to boson)in hidden layers,while those of different labels repel(akin to fermion).This layer-wise learning is local in nature,being biologically plausible.A statistical mechanics analysis shows that the target fermion-pair-distance is a key ***,the application of this local contrastive learning to MNIST benchmark dataset demonstrates that the adversarial vulnerability of standard perceptron can be greatly mitigated by tuning the target distance,i.e.,controlling the geometric separation of prototype manifolds.

关键词： machine learning statistical mechanics adversarial robustness neural networks

General synthesis of a dual-atomic-site catalyst library

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Science China Materials 2025年第2期68卷 679-680页

作者： Jingfang Zhang Yi huang School of Chemical Engineering&Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China College of Chemistry Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China

Single-atom catalysts(SACs),as a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts,have attracted tremendous attention over the past *** atomically dispersed metal active sites,SACs possess maximum atom utilization efficiency and exceptionally high activity towards various catalytic reactions[1].Compared with their nanoparticle counterparts,the unique but uniform configurations of the catalytic sites endow SACs with great potential for mechanism investigation at the atomic level[2,3].Despite of these advantages,SACs are facing the problem of linear scaling relations between intermediates in terms of complicated reactions involving co-adsorption of *** is difficult for a single-atom site to participate in all catalytic steps with high efficiencies,especially for some reactions that need adjacent active sites[4].In this regard,dualatomic-site catalysts(DACs)are emerging as a fascinating frontier in heterogeneous catalysis[5].It has been verified that the synergistic effect of the adjacent atomic pairs in DACs can break the linear scaling relations and optimize the adsorption energy of different intermediates,thus improving the intrinsic catalytic ***,it is of great significance to develop a general synthetic strategy for DACs.

关键词： atomic adsorption synthesis

Dissolved organic matter characteristics linked to bacterial community succession and nitrogen removal performance in woodchip bioreactors

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 625-636页

作者： Achen Wang Xiang Li Xuesong Luo Guangwen He Daqing huang Qiaoyun huang Xue-Xian Zhang Wenli Chen National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation College of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China School of Natural Sciences Massey University at AlbanyAuckland 0745New Zealand

Woodchip bioreactors are an eco-friendly technology for removing nitrogen(N)***,there needs to be more clarity regarding the dissolved organicmatter(DOM)characteristics and bacterial community succession mechanisms and their association with the N removal performance of *** laboratory woodchip bioreactors were continuously operated for 360 days under three influent N level treatments,and the results showed that the average removal rate of TN was 45.80 g N/(m3·day)when the influent N level was 100 mg N/L,which was better than 10 mg N/L and 50 mg N/*** succession of bacterial communities in response to influent N levels and DOM characteristics was an important driver of TN removal *** to high N levels enriched a copiotroph bacterial module(Module 1)detected by network analysis,including Phenylobacterium,Xanthobacteraceae,Burkholderiaceae,Pseudomonas,and Magnetospirillaceae,carrying N-cycle related genes for denitrification and ammonia assimilation by the rapid consumption of *** a process can increase carbon limitation to stimulate local organic carbon decomposition to enrich oligotrophswith fewer N-cycle potentials(Module 2).Together,this study reveals that the compositional change ofDOMand bacterial community succession are closely related to N removal performance,providing an ecological basis for developing techniques for N-rich effluent treatment.

关键词： Bacterial community succession Dissolved organic matter N removal performance Woodchip bioreactors

High-resolution full waveform seismic imaging: Progresses, challenges, and prospects

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 315-342页

作者： Dinghui YANG Xingpeng DONG Jiandong huang Zhilong FANG Xueyuan huang Shaolin LIU Mengxue LIU Weijuan MENG Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Geology China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China School of Resources and Environment University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China

Full waveform inversion(FWI) is a seismic imaging method with a unified mathematical framework based on wave equation constraints. The FWI method can be used to generate a variety of high-resolution seismic parameter models(e.g.,velocity, anisotropy, viscoelasticity, and attenuation), which can facilitate an in-depth understanding of important scientific problems such as the Earth's interior structure and material composition, earthquake preparation and occurrence, and plate motion and dynamic processes. With the development and cross-integration of disciplines such as geophysics, applied mathematics, and computer science, FWI imaging theories and methods not only play a crucial role in revealing the Earth's interior structure, dynamic evolution, and earthquake mechanisms but also show a wide range of application potential in fields such as resource exploration, medical imaging, engineering inspection, carbon dioxide geological sequestration, and earthquake disaster prediction. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review and analysis of the development of the FWI method,addressing its current challenges, identifying key issues, future directions, and potential research areas in the theory, methodology, and application of high-resolution FWI imaging. We also offer new insights and perspectives to promote advancements of high-resolution FWI research and applications in Earth sciences and other related fields.

关键词： Full waveform inversion High-resolution imaging Interior structure of the Earth Earthquake preparation me-chanism Multidisciplinary integration