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SnapshotPrune: A Novel bitcoin-based Protocol Toward Efficient Pruning and Fast Node bootstrapping

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 1037-1052页

作者： Pengfei huang Xiaojun Ren Teng huang Arthur Sandor Voundi Koe Duncan S Wong Hai Jiang Institute of Artificial Intelligence and blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Institute of Artificial Intelligence and blockchain Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006Chinaand also with Pazhou LabGuangzhou 510330China

Node synchronization is essential for the stability of the bitcoin network. Critics have raised doubts about the ability of a new node to quickly and efficiently synchronize with the bitcoin network and alleviate the storage pressure from existing full nodes to stockpile new data. basic pruning and other techniques have been explored to address these concerns but have been insufficient to reduce node synchronization delay and effectively suppress the growth of synchronized data. In this study, we propose SnapshotPrune, a novel pruning and synchronization protocol that achieves fast node bootstrapping in the bitcoin blockchain. Real bitcoin historical data are leveraged to measure the synchronization time and monitor the network traffic during node bootstrapping. The protocol requires data downloads that are 99.70% less than bitcoin Core, 81% less than CoinPrune, and 60% less than SnapshotSave, thereby saving 97.23% of download time. Findings show that the proposed design enhances the storage efficiency and reduces the node synchronization delay compared with existing techniques. We hypothesize that the efficiency of this protocol increases with the block height.

关键词： synchronization blockchain Unspent Transaction Output(UTXO)pruning snapshot fast bootstrapping

Chimeric Monkey born Alive with a High Contribution of Donor Cells

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Neuroscience bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 849-851页

作者： Jia huang Jun Wu Department of Molecular biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA Cecil H.and Ida Green Center for Reproductive biology Sciences University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA

Chimeras,which consist of cells from different individuals or different species,represent an important tool in biological *** in the early twentieth century,studies on chimeras have been focusing on understanding fundamental genetic and cellular developmental *** the advances in genetic engineering and embryonic stem cell(ESC)technology,chimeras have become an important tool for the generation of transgenic animals.

关键词： mechanisms. advances developmental

O_(2)-generating multifunctional polymeric micelles for highly efficient and selective photodynamic-photothermal therapy in melanoma

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 394-399页

作者： Yu Qin Mingyang huang Chenlu huang Hannah LPerry Linhua Zhang Dunwan Zhu Tianjin Key Laboratory of biomedical Materials Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer ImmunotherapyInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300192China Molecular Sciences Research Hub Department of ChemistryWhite City CampusImperial College LondonLondon W120BZUnited Kingdom

Photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)have received tremendous attention owing to their great potential for tumor ***,two main issues hamper the antitumor performance of PDT:overexpression of glutathione(GSH)in tumors,which consumes PDT-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS),and hypoxia within the tumor *** drawbacks of PTT include uneven temperature distribution and the upregulation of the heat-shock proteins in tumors,both of which result in ineffective *** address these issues,a MnO_(2)doped nano-delivery system(HTIM-PMs)was synthesized by one-step self-assembly of disulfide bond bridged copolymers for indocyanine green(ICG)and MnO_(2)*** surface of polymeric micelles was layered with hyaluronan(HA)and transactivator(TAT)peptides to improve active targeting and increase cell *** internalization,HTIM-PMs showed responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment(acid pH,high glutathione,high H_(2)O_(2)).breaking the disulfide bond reduced the intratumoral GSH level and simultaneously released the MnO_(2)and *** released MnO_(2)further reduced the GSH level and promoted O_(2)generation,thus enhancing the PDT *** PTT-mediated hyperthermia accelerated blood flow,which is beneficial for O_(2)distribution,and promotes ROS *** PTT-mediated adjuvant effects further overcame the limitations of PDT and the robust PDT effect in turn compensated for the deficiency of *** promising platform exhibited a significant improvement in the PTT-PDT cancer treatment strategy compared to previously reported nanostructures.

关键词： Photodynamic therapy Photothermal therapy Oxygen generating One-step self-assembly Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles

Field-assisted machining of difficult-to-machine materials

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 39-89页

作者： Jianguo Zhang Zhengding Zheng Kai huang Chuangting Lin Weiqi huang Xiao Chen Junfeng Xiao Jianfeng Xu State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068People’s Republic of China

Difficult-to-machine materials (DMMs) are extensively applied in critical fields such as aviation,semiconductor,biomedicine,and other key fields due to their excellent material ***,traditional machining technologies often struggle to achieve ultra-precision with DMMs resulting from poor surface quality and low processing *** recent years,field-assisted machining (FAM) technology has emerged as a new generation of machining technology based on innovative principles such as laser heating,tool vibration,magnetic magnetization,and plasma modification,providing a new solution for improving the machinability of *** technology not only addresses these limitations of traditional machining methods,but also has become a hot topic of research in the domain of ultra-precision machining of *** new methods and principles have been introduced and investigated one after another,yet few studies have presented a comprehensive analysis and *** fill this gap and understand the development trend of FAM,this study provides an important overview of FAM,covering different assisted machining methods,application effects,mechanism analysis,and equipment *** current deficiencies and future challenges of FAM are summarized to lay the foundation for the further development of multi-field hybrid assisted and intelligent FAM technologies.

关键词： field-assisted machining difficult-to-machine materials materials removal mechanism surface integrity

Two-dimensional precise figuring of 500 mm-long X-ray mirror using one-dimensional ion beam system

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 177-184页

作者： Qiu-Shi huang Han-Dan huang Qiao-Yu Wu Jun Yu Zhong Zhang Zhan-Shan Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials Institute of Precision Optical Engineering(IPOE)School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092People’s Republic of China Shanghai Professional Technical Service Platform for Full-Spectrum and High-Performance Optical Thin Film Devices and Applications Tongji UniversityShanghai200092People’s Republic of China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics Tongji UniversityShanghai200092People’s Republic of China

In this study,a new method was developed to realize two-dimensional(2D)figure correction of grazing-incidence X-ray mirrors using a one-dimensional(1D)ion-beam figuring system.A mask of holes was specifically designed to generate removal functions at different widths and extend the figuring capability over a wide ***,a long mirror could be *** this method,the surface height root-mean-square(RMS)error of the center area of 484 mm×16 mm was reduced from 11.49 nm to 2.01 nm,and the 1D meridional RMS error reached 1.0 *** proposed method exhibits high precision and cost effectiveness for production of long X-ray mirrors.

关键词： Long-size mirrors Ion beam figuring Two-dimensional figure correction Mask

Discovery and demonstration of the teleomorph of beauve-ria bassiana (bals.) Vuill.,an important entomogenous fungus

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Chinese Science bulletin 2001年第9期46卷 751-753,793页

作者： Li, ZZ Li, CR huang, b Fan, MZ Anhui Agr Univ Res Ctr Entomogenous Fungi Hefei 230036 Peoples R China

A Cordyceps specimen was collected in Anhui, China, a strain of beauveria bassiana, an important ento-mopathogenic fungus for biological pest control, was isolated and their relationship was demonstrated by microcycle... 详细信息

关键词： Cordyceps Cordyceps bassiana beauveria teleomorph microcycle conidiation.

Inhibition mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 by Acr ⅡA25.1 and AcrⅡA32

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 1781-1791页

作者： Jianlin Zheng Yuwei Zhu Tengjin huang Wenbo Gao Jiale He Zhiwei huang HIT Center for Life Sciences School of Life Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Westlake Center for Genome Editing Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine School of Life Sciences Westlake University

In the ongoing arms race between bacteria and bacteriophages, bacteriophages have evolved anti-CRISPR proteins to counteract bacterial CRISPR-Cas systems. Recently, Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 have been found to effectively inhibit the activity of Spy Cas9 both in bacterial and human cells. However, their molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of ternary complexes formed by Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 bound to Spy Cas9-sg RNA. Using structural analysis and biochemical experiments, we revealed that Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 recognize a novel, previously-unidentified anti-CRISPR binding site on Spy Cas9. We found that both Acr ⅡA25.1 and Acr ⅡA32 directly interact with the WED domain, where they spatially obstruct conformational changes of the WED and PI domains, thereby inhibiting Spy Cas9 from recognizing protospacer adjacent motif(PAM) and unwinding double-stranded DNA. In addition,they may inhibit nuclease activity by blocking the dynamic conformational changes of the Spy Cas9 surveillance complex. In summary, our data elucidate the inhibition mechanisms of two new anti-CRISPR proteins, provide new strategies for the modulation of Spy Cas9 activity,and expand our understanding of the diversity of anti-CRISPR protein inhibition mechanisms.

关键词： anti-CRISPR cryo-EM SpyCas9 AcrIIA25.1 AcrIIA32 inhibiton

Enhanced boron neutron capture therapy(bNCT)through controlled drug release via boron-loaded nanofiber mats

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7479-7492页

作者： Wenyong huang Yongjin Yang Yong Pan Shiwei Jing Yanxin Qi Yubin huang Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Advanced Functional Materials of Jilin Province Changchun 130024China School of Physics Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

boron neutron capture therapy(bNCT)is a novel binary therapy combining boron targeted drugs and neutron irradiation,which can selectively and effectively kill cancer cells at the cellular *** release of boron drug and its accumulation in tumor sites are the crux of ***,we developed a^(10)b-boric acid(^(10)bA)-loaded nanofiber applying for bNCT by in situ *** nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning technique using polyethylene glycol/polylactide(PEO/PLA)block *** changing the ratio of hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity of the nanofibers,the controlled release and the effective accumulation of boron 10 isotope(^(10)b)were achieved in ***^(10)b content in tumor could reach to 2540μg/g,significantly exceeding the required level of 20–50μg/g for bNCT *** pertinent DNA damage experiments,direct evidence and quantified data of bNCT-induced DNA damage in tumor cells were obtained for the first *** sequencing was employed to predict the molecular mechanisms and potential signaling pathways of bNCT,providing theoretical basis for future combined *** antitumor efficiency of bNCT was demonstrated by establishing mice model of subcutaneous tumor and tumor *** research presents a novel boron-loaded nanofiber mats for bNCT,which enables controlled drug release and holds significant potential in the treatment of unresectable or postoperative residual tumors.

关键词： boron neutron capture therapy nanofibers controlled release in situ administration

Data Secure Storage Mechanism for IIoT based on blockchain

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4029-4048页

作者： Jin Wang Guoshu huang R.Simon Sherratt Ding huang Jia Ni School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350118China School of Computer&Communication Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha410004China School of Systems Engineering The University of ReadingReadingRG66AYUK School of Computer Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

With the development of Industry 4.0 and big data technology,the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)is hampered by inherent issues such as privacy,security,and fault tolerance,which pose certain challenges to the rapid development of *** technology has immutability,decentralization,and autonomy,which can greatly improve the inherent defects of the *** the traditional blockchain,data is stored in a Merkle *** data continues to grow,the scale of proofs used to validate it grows,threatening the efficiency,security,and reliability of blockchain-based ***,this paper first analyzes the inefficiency of the traditional blockchain structure in verifying the integrity and correctness of *** solve this problem,a new Vector Commitment(VC)structure,Partition Vector Commitment(PVC),is proposed by improving the traditional VC ***,this paper uses PVC instead of the Merkle tree to store big data generated by *** can improve the efficiency of traditional VC in the process of commitment and ***,this paper uses PVC to build a blockchain-based IIoT data security storage mechanism and carries out a comparative analysis of *** mechanism can greatly reduce communication loss and maximize the rational use of storage space,which is of great significance for maintaining the security and stability of blockchain-based IIoT.

关键词： blockchain IIoT data storage cryptographic commitment