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Strengthen national action for the prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第1期127卷 1-3页

作者： huang kewu Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Key Laboratory ofRespiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders Beijing 100020China Institute of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Hospital Beijing 100730China

Chronic respiratory diseases are chronic diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung.Some of the most common are asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）,respiratory allergies,occupational lung diseases and pulmonary hypertension.Hundreds of millions of people suffer every day from chronic respiratory diseases.COPD is one of the most representative chronic respiratory diseases.A population-based,cross-sectional survey of COPD conducted between 2003 and 2004 showed that the overall prevalence of the disease in people aged above 40 years was 8.2%,1 which would result in a COPD patient population of over 43 million.

关键词： chronic respiratory diseases prevention control

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严复与清末民初中国士人的现代转向

福建论坛（人文社会科学版） 2024年第3期 5-14页

作者：黄克武台湾“中研院”近代史研究所中国

清末民初以来中国人开始面对西方的冲击,努力追求国家的现代化。这个过程不但涉及模仿西法,也与中国士人自觉地结合中西、努力建立一套新的现代化方案有密切的关系。中国士人的思想是一个动态而连续的发展过程,自清朝中叶起,从魏源的《... 详细信息

清末民初以来中国人开始面对西方的冲击,努力追求国家的现代化。这个过程不但涉及模仿西法,也与中国士人自觉地结合中西、努力建立一套新的现代化方案有密切的关系。中国士人的思想是一个动态而连续的发展过程,自清朝中叶起,从魏源的《皇朝经世文编》出版后,逐步形成了影响深远的经世之学的传统,到清末民初时士人进一步以经世济民的关怀为基础,接引西学,促成了中国的现代转向。为了清楚地从思想史层面阐释中国的现代化进程,吾人需要重新检视中国传统的思想预设及其接引西方思想、构思现代化方案的过程。本文围绕“科学”与“民主”两大主题,以严复等人的思想为例,从历史的连续性角度看待传统思想在中国现代转型中所发挥的作用,以阐明中国式现代化的历史根源。

关键词：严复经世梁启超民主科学中国式现代化

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基于标准问卷的支气管哮喘流行病学

中华结核和呼吸杂志 2024年第1期47卷 81-86页

作者：刘海曼黄克武王辰首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院呼吸与危重症医学科、北京呼吸疾病研究所北京100020 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院国家呼吸医学中心北京100730

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是全球常见的慢性气道疾病。虽然指南推荐了哮喘诊断标准并已经广泛应用于临床实践,但在人群的大型流行病学调查中,常推荐采用标准化的哮喘问卷进行患病率调查,因为标准化的哮喘问卷具有效益高、成本低、应答率高... 详细信息

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是全球常见的慢性气道疾病。虽然指南推荐了哮喘诊断标准并已经广泛应用于临床实践,但在人群的大型流行病学调查中,常推荐采用标准化的哮喘问卷进行患病率调查,因为标准化的哮喘问卷具有效益高、成本低、应答率高的特点,所得结果也便于在不同人群或地区之间进行比较。目前全球范围内已开展的4项具有较大影响的哮喘流行病学调查,包括欧盟呼吸健康调查(European Community Respiratory Health Survey,ECRHS)、国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究(International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood,ISAAC)、国际婴儿喘息研究(International Study of Wheezing in Infants,EISL)和世界健康调查(World Health Survey,WHS),上述研究结果也是全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study,GBD)估算全球哮喘患病率的重要数据来源。在中国,曾进行过多次儿童、成人哮喘患病率的调查,但是既往调查多采用临床诊断标准定义人群中的哮喘者,因此,所得结果与国际上采用标准问卷所得哮喘患病率无法比较。在中国20岁以上代表性人群中进行的中国肺部健康研究(China Pulmonary Health Study,CPH),采用了与ECRHS一致的哮喘问卷,结果显示,中国成人中表现有喘息症状的哮喘患病率达4.2%,有近4570万成人哮喘患者,但该数据并不包括20岁以下哮喘患者以及不典型哮喘患者。此外,CPH研究还显示,中国成人哮喘的漏诊率高,规范化治疗率低,亟待社会采取措施提高哮喘的诊治与管理水平。

关键词：哮喘患病率喘息症状哮喘诊断标准支气管哮喘患病率调查流行病学调查规范化治疗应答率

Cigarette smoking contributes to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with emphysema

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第3期127卷 469-474页

作者： Ye Qiao huang kewu Ding Yi Lou Baohui Hou Ziliang Dai Huaping Wang Chen Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Chao Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Department of Radiology Beijing Chao Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Institute of Respiratory Medicine Beijing Hospital Ministry of Heath Beijing 100730 China

Background Combined emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis,including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）,is a distinct disorder described with upper-lobe emphysema and lower-lobe fibrosis on chest computed tomography.Smoking appears to be the predominant risk factor for this disorder.We aimed to compare clinical features,smoking history,physiological and radiological findings between IPF with and without emphysema.Methods A sample of 125 IPF patients over a period of 48 months were evaluated.High resolution CT scans were reviewed blinded to clinical data.The IPF patients with or without emphysema were classified accordingly.Results The prevalence of emphysema in this IPF sample was 70/125.IPF with emphysema was significantly associated with smoking status （OR 63; 95％ CI 4.4 to 915; P=0.002） and smoking pack year （OR 1.1; 95％ CI 1.05 to 1.13; P=-0.000）.The patients with IPF and emphysema had a higher decrease in carbon monoxide diffusing capacity adjusted for alveolar volume （（58±19）％ pred vs.（66：±：21）％ pred; P=-0.021） and a higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension （24/70 vs.7/55; P=0.006）.The two groups of patients had similar forced and residual volumes.No significant differences were found in cell differentials of bronchoalveolar lavage or the scores of fibrosis on chest CT.Survival of the patients with emphysema was significantly less than that of patients with IPF alone.Conclusions Cigarette smoking induces IPF combined with emphysema.Emphysema further impairs physiological function and increases the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension that leads to poor prognosis.The inclusion of the patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in IPF clinical trials may lead to under evaluation of the effect of treatment in patients.

关键词： idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis emphysema smoking

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载人月面上升动力重构方案研究

载人航天 2024年第1期30卷 60-67页

作者：侯振东刘扬孙兴亮田林黄克武黄震北京空间飞行器总体设计部北京100094

针对载人月面着陆器上升期间发动机发生故障时航天员应急救生的难题,提出了通过多发动机并联可在部分发动机故障时通过动力重构继续上升入轨的方法。分析了3~5台发动机并联方案的动力重构策略,建立对应的发动机系统可靠性模型进行可靠... 详细信息

针对载人月面着陆器上升期间发动机发生故障时航天员应急救生的难题,提出了通过多发动机并联可在部分发动机故障时通过动力重构继续上升入轨的方法。分析了3~5台发动机并联方案的动力重构策略,建立对应的发动机系统可靠性模型进行可靠性评估。基于能量最优的动力上升制导律,对不同故障工况下的动力重构上升轨迹进行仿真分析,得到推进剂消耗、入轨相位等关键参数的变化规律,根据应急入轨条件,设计了3种应急交会对接策略。仿真结果表明,若单台发动机可靠性为0.99,则3~4台发动机并联的动力重构方案可将发动机系统可靠性提升至0.9996,通过调整交会对接策略可在预定时间内完成快速交会对接,实现航天员安全返回。

关键词：载人月面上升应急救生动力重构交会对接

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IM公司奥德修斯号月面着陆器任务浅析

宇航学报 2024年第3期45卷 I0001-I0011页

作者：许健王平黄克武王丹赵毓余欢侯振东北京空间飞行器总体设计部北京100094

针对M公司的Nova-C级月面着陆器奥德修斯号开展了分析,从整器构型、飞行过程、载荷配置、任务评价4个方面进行了介绍,并对此次任务中遇到的故障以及处置措施进行了梳理,剖析了商业航天的特征,最后总结了商业航天运营模式对于我国航天事... 详细信息

针对M公司的Nova-C级月面着陆器奥德修斯号开展了分析,从整器构型、飞行过程、载荷配置、任务评价4个方面进行了介绍,并对此次任务中遇到的故障以及处置措施进行了梳理,剖析了商业航天的特征,最后总结了商业航天运营模式对于我国航天事业发展的启示,以及本次飞行任务中的亮点和故障情况对我国月球探测任务的启示,并给出了几点思考与建议。

关键词：月面着陆器奥德修斯号商业航天载人月球探测

Characteristics of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Airways of Asthmatics： Relationships with Disease Severity and Infiltration of Inflammatory Cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第17期130卷 2033-2040页

作者： Ting Yang Yan Li Zhe Lyu kewu huang Chris J Corrigan Sun Ying Wei Wang Chen Wang National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases Center for Respiratory Diseases China-Japan Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine Beijing 100020 China MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology King&#39 s College London London UK

Background：Increased proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines might contribute to infiltration of inflammatory cells and remodeling in airways of asthma.Although these molecules may be associated with asthma,there is lack of systemic evidence showing which and how important these events are in the disease.We aimed to analyze the concentrations of these molecules in the airways and relationships with disease severity and with airway infiltration of inflammatory cells in a large cohort of asthmatics （n =70,including 37 mild and 33 moderate/severe asthmatics） compared with controls （n =30）.Methods：Meso scale discovery system and commercial ELISA kits were used to measure the concentrations ofproinflammatory cytokines interleukin （IL）-1 β;tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）;IL-6;and IL-17 and CC and CXC chemokines CCL2,CCL4,CCL 11,CCL 13,CCL17,CCL22,and CCL26 and CXCL8,CXCL9,CXCL10,and CXCL1 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatics and controls.Results：The concentrations ofIL-1,TNF-α,IL-6,CXCL8 and CXCL 10,and CCL4,CCL 11,CCL 17,and CCL22 were significantly elevated in asthmatics compared with controls （P 〈 0.05）.The concentrations of TNF-α and CXCL8,but not others,were negatively correlated with severity of disease （lung function forced expiratory volume in 1 s）（TNF-α vs.total：r =-0.359,P =0.002 vs.moderate/severe：r =-0.541,P =0.001;CXCL8 vs.total：r =-0.327,P =0.006 vs.moderate/severe：r =-0.625,P =0.0001,respectively）.In addition,concentrations of these two molecules were also correlated with the absolute numbers of infiltrating eosinophils and neutrophils in asthmatic airways.Conclusions：Increased concentrations of TNF-α and CXCL8 are associated with pathogenesis of asthma.Targeting these molecules might provide an alternative therapeutic for this disease.

关键词： Asthma Bronchoalveolar Lavage Chemokine Proinflammatory Cytokines

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慢性咳嗽的并发症

中华结核和呼吸杂志 2022年第1期45卷 10-12页

作者：常钰涵王姝睿黄克武首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院呼吸与危重症医学科北京100020

慢性咳嗽是临床常见的呼吸道症状,可引起众多系统的并发症,包括呼吸、循环、消化、泌尿、生殖、骨骼运动、神经系统等。咳嗽及其并发症对数量庞大的慢性咳嗽患者工作、生活造成严重影响,并导致医疗资源的使用增加。本文将就慢性咳嗽常... 详细信息

慢性咳嗽是临床常见的呼吸道症状,可引起众多系统的并发症,包括呼吸、循环、消化、泌尿、生殖、骨骼运动、神经系统等。咳嗽及其并发症对数量庞大的慢性咳嗽患者工作、生活造成严重影响,并导致医疗资源的使用增加。本文将就慢性咳嗽常见的并发症以器官系统分类进行介绍,以引起大家关注。

关键词：慢性咳嗽医疗资源呼吸道症状神经系统系统分类泌尿并发症

Kinetics of the accumulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in IL-33-induced and IL-25-induced murine models of asthma:a potential role for the chemokine CXCL16

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第1期16卷 75-86页

作者： Yan Li Shihao Chen Yafei Chi Yiran Yang Xiwen Chen Huating Wang Zhe Lv Jingjing Wang Linjie Yuan Ping huang kewu huang Chris JCorrigan Wei Wang Sun Ying Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingP.R.China Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Respiratory MedicineBeijingChina Faculty of Life Sciences&Medicine School of Immunology and Microbial SciencesAsthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing’s College LondonLondonUK

ILC2s are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying their accumulation in airways.We investigated the time course of ILC2 accumulation in different tissues in murine models of asthma induced by a serial per-nasalchallenge with ovalbumin (OVA), house dust mice (HDM), IL-25 and IL-33 and explored the potential roles of ILC2-attractingchemokines in this phenomenon. Flow cytometry was used to enumerate ILC2s at various time points. The effects of cytokines andchemokines on ILC2 migration were measured in vitro using a chemotaxis assay and in vivo using small animal imaging. Comparedwith saline and OVA challenge, both IL-25 and IL-33 challenge alone induced significant accumulation of ILC2s in the mediastinallymph nodes, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of challenged animals, but with a distinct potency and kinetics. In vitro,IL-33 and CXCL16, but not IL-25 or CCL25, directly induced ILC2 migration. Small animal in vivo imaging further confirmed that asingle intranasal provocation with IL-33 or CXCL16 was sufficient to induce the accumulation of ILC2s in the lungs followinginjection via the tail vein. Moreover, IL-33-induced ILC2 migration involved the activation of ERK1/2, p38, Akt, JNK and NF-κB, whileCXCL16-induced ILC2 migration involved the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and Akt. These data support the hypothesis that epitheliumderived IL-25 and IL-33 induce lung accumulation of ILC2s, while IL-33 exerts a direct chemotactic effect in this process. AlthoughILC2s express the chemokine receptors CXCR6 and CCR9, only CXCL16, the ligand of CXCR6, exhibits a direct chemoattractanteffect.

关键词： ILC2s Asthma Accumulation IL-33 IL-25 Chemokine