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Estimation of S-wave Velocity for Gas Hydrate Reservoir in the Shenhu Area,North South China Sea

Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第5期17卷 1091-1102页

作者： liu Xueqin XING Lei liu huaishan Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques MOE and College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of China Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

Estimation of S-wave velocity using logging data has mainly been performed for sandstone, mudstone and oil and gas strata, while its application to hydrate reservoirs has been largely overlooked. In this paper we present petxophysical methods to estimate the S-wave velocity of hydrate reservoirs with the P-wave velocity and the density as constraints. The three models used in this paper are an equivalent model （MBGL）, a three-phase model （TPBE）, and a thermo-elasticity model （TEM）. The MBGL model can effectively describe the internal relationship among the components of the rock, and the estimated P-wave velocities are in good agreement with the measured data （2.8% error）. However, in the TPBE model, the solid, liquid and gas phases axe considered to be independent of each other, and the estimation results are relatively low （46.6% error）. The TEM model is based on the sensitivity of the gas hydrate to temperature and pressure, and the accuracy of the estimation results is also high （3.6% error）. Before the estimation, the occurrence patterns of hydrates in the Shenhu area were examined, and occurrence state one （the hydrate is in solid form in the reservoir） was selected for analysis. By using the known P-wave velocity and density as constraints, a reasonable S-wave velocity value （ranging from 400 to 1100 m s 1 and for a hydrate layer of 1100 m s 1） can be obtained through multiple iterations. These methods and results provide new data and technical support for further research on hydrates and other geological features in the Shenhu area.

关键词： S-wave velocity estimation hydrate reservoir rock physical model

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The Sensitive Properties of Hydrate Reservoirs Based on Seismic Stereoscopic Detection Technology

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第2期94卷 530-544页

作者： liu Xueqin XING Lei QIN Zhiliang liu huaishan Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University) Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150001China College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering.Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques MOE and College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao 266100China National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266061China

Higher-precision determinations of hydrate reservoirs, hydrate saturation levels and storage estimations are important for guaranteeing the ability to continuously research, develop and utilize natural gas hydrate resources in China. With seismic stereoscopic detection technology, which fully combines the advantages of different seismic detection models, hydrate formation layers can be observed with multiangle, wide-azimuth, wide-band data with a high precision. This technique provides more reliable data for analyzing the distribution characteristics of gas hydrate reservoirs, establishing velocity models, and studying the hydrate-sensitive properties of petrophysical parameters;these data are of great significance for the exploration and development of natural gas hydrate resources. Based on a velocity model obtained from the analysis of horizontal streamer velocity data in the hydrate-bearing area of the Shenhu Sea, this paper uses three VCs(longitudinal spacing of 25 m) and four OBSs(transverse spacing of 200 m) to jointly detect seismic datasets consisting of wave points based on an inversion of traveltime imaging sections. Accordingly, by comparing the differences between the seismic phases in the original data and the forward-modeled seismic phases, multiangle coverage constraint corrections are applied to the initial velocity model, and the initial model is further optimized, thereby improving the imaging quality of the streamer data. Petrophysical elastic parameters are the physical parameters that are most directly and closely related to rock formations and reservoir physical properties. Based on the optimized velocity model, the rock elastic hydrate-sensitive parameters of the hydrate reservoirs in the study area are inverted, and the sensitivities of the petrophysical parameters to natural gas hydrates are investigated. According to an analysis of the inversion results obtained from these sensitive parameters, λρ, Vp and λμ are simultaneously controlled b

关键词： natural gas hydrate stereoscopic detection elastic modulus sensitive parameters

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Seismic Low-Frequency Shadow beneath Gas Hydrate in the Shenhu Area Based on the Stereoscopic Observation System

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第3期29卷 669-678页

作者： Xueqin liu huaishan liu Lei Xing Yanxin Yin Jianhua Wang Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploration CNOOC Research Institute

Spectral analysis shows a low-frequency shadow under the BSR interface. Traditional low-frequency shadow analysis is based on stacked data. In order to understand the BSR low-frequency shadow more clearly, a frequency division analysis on stereoscopic observation seismic data based on the adaptive optimal-kernel （AOK） frequency analysis method is presented. It includes ocean-bottom seismometer （OBS） data （common receiver point data including vertical and horizontal components）, vertical cable data （common receiver point data） and horizontal cable data （stacked section of different offsets）. The OBS data frequency analysis gets a conclusion that vertical component has a significant effect on the low-frequency shadow, but the horizontal component did not. The vertical cable data shows that the low frequency band of vertical cable is wider than OBS. And then the horizontal cable data frequency analysis points out that the bigger the angle of incidence is, the more obvious the low-frequency shadow will be. The low-frequency shadow feature is shown in the stereoscopic observation field and the visual effect on com- mon reception point data is better. The lateral reservoir distribution characteristics are predicted from low-frequency shadow feature analysis of the hydrate BSR based on stereoscopic observation.

关键词： hydrate BSR stereoscopic observation low-frequency shadow.

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Application of Seismic Interferometric Migration for Shallow Seismic High Precision Data Processing: A Case Study in the Shenhu Area

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第1期17卷 46-52页

作者： WEI Jia liu huaishan XING Lei DU Dong Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Exploration Techniques Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Tianjin Center ChinaGeological Survey

The stability of submarine geological structures has a crucial influence on the construction of offshore engineering projects and the exploitation of seabed resources. Marine geologists should possess a detailed understanding of common submarine geological hazards. Current marine seismic exploration methods are based on the most effective detection technologies. Therefore, current research focuses on improving the resolution and precision of shallow stratum structure detection methods. In this article, the feasibility of shallow seismic structure imaging is assessed by building a complex model, and differences between the seismic interferometry imaging method and the traditional imaging method are discussed. The imaging effect of the model is better for shallow layers than for deep layers because coherent noise produced by this method can result in an unsatisfactory imaging effect for deep layers. The seismic interference method has certain advantages for geological structural imaging of shallow submarine strata, which indicates continuous horizontal events, a high resolution, a clear fault, and an obvious structure boundary. The effects of the actual data applied to the Shenhu area can fully illustrate the advantages of the method. Thus, this method has the potential to provide new insights for shallow submarine strata imaging in the area.

关键词： seismic interferometric migration shallow strata Shenhu area migration imaging

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Notch Effect and Frequency Compensation of Dual-Sensor OBC Data in Shallow Water

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第4期26卷 508-514页

作者： Dongkai Wang Siyou Tong huaishan liu Weiqiang Zhu Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationOcean University of China Geophysical Research Institute of SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation of SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Geophysical Exploration and Development Corporation of Shengli Petroleum Administrative Bureau

Reverberation is significant in shallow water and produces obvious notches in OBC spec- tra. It also degrades the quality of sections and increases the difficulty of processing and interpretation. This article presents the relationship between notch, shooting depth, and seabed depth based on the seismic convolution model. Forward modelling based on wave equation theory is used to verify this relationship. Dual-sensor summation is applied to suppress receiver-side multiples and remove notches according to the opposite response of geophones and hydrophones to down-going wave fields based on a detailed analysis of the OBC technique. The good results obtained in practical applications reveal the effectiveness of this method.

关键词： reverberation notch shooting depth dual-sensor.

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Seismic Acquisition Parameters Analysis for Deep Weak Reflectors in the South Yellow Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第5期15卷 758-766页

作者： liu Kai liu huaishan WU Zhiqiang YUE Long Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 P. R. China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 P. R. China Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Qingdao 266071 P. R. China

The Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine residual basin in the South Yellow Sea(SYS) is a significant deep potential hydrocarbon reservoir. However, the imaging of the deep prospecting target is quite challenging due to the specific seismic-geological conditions. In the Central and Wunansha Uplifts, the penetration of the seismic wavefield is limited by the shallow high-velocity layers(HVLs) and the weak reflections in the deep carbonate rocks. With the conventional marine seismic acquisition technique, the deep weak reflection is difficult to image and identify. In this paper, we could confirm through numerical simulation that the combination of multi-level air-gun array and extended cable used in the seismic acquisition is crucial for improving the imaging quality. Based on the velocity model derived from the geological interpretation, we performed two-dimensional finite difference forward modeling. The numerical simulation results show that the use of the multi-level air-gun array can enhance low-frequency energy and that the wide-angle reflection received at far offsets of the extended cable has a higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and higher energy. Therefore, we have demonstrated that the unconventional wide-angle seismic acquisition technique mentioned above could overcome the difficulty in imaging the deep weak reflectors of the SYS, and it may be useful for the design of practical seismic acquisition schemes in this region.

关键词： carbonate Paleozoic prospecting reservoir hydrocarbon shallow interpretation strata Yellow Mesozoic

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First-Arrival Picking Method for Active Source Data with Ocean Bottom Seismometers Based on Spatial Waveform Variation Characteristics

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 970-980页

作者： liu Hongwei XING Lei ZHU Henghua ZHANG Jin ZHANG Jing liu huaishan Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationCollege of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdao 266071China College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China Shandong Institute of Geological Survey Jinan 250014China

The precision and reliability of first-arrival picking are crucial for determining the accuracy of geological structure inversion using active source ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)refraction *** methods for first-arrival picking based on sample points are characterized by theoretical errors,especially in low-sampling-frequency OBS data because the travel time of seismic waves is not an integer multiple of the sampling *** this paper,a first-arrival picking method that utilizes the spatial waveform variation characteristics of active source OBS data is ***,the distribution law of theoretical error is examined;adjacent traces exhibit variation characteristics in their ***,a label cross-correlation superposition method for extracting highfrequency signals is presented to enhance the first-arrival picking *** from synthetic and field data verify that the proposed approach is robust,successfully overcomes the limitations of low sampling frequency,and achieves precise outcomes that are comparable with those of high-sampling-frequency data.

关键词： first-arrival picking spatial waveform variation label cross-correlation superposition method

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Sand wave deposition in the Taiwan Shoal of China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第8期32卷 26-34页

作者： HU Yi CHEN Jian XU Jiang WANG Liming LI Haidong liu huaishan College of Geosciences Ocean University of China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Coast and Ocean Environmental Geology Open Laboratory

The Taiwan Shoal is the convex terrain in the southern Taiwan Strait, the largest strait in China. In 2006 and 2007, 21 samples and more than 200-km sub-bottom data as well as 80-km near shore side-scan sonar data were gotten, which gave an initial image of the boundaries of the Taiwan Shoal and revealed the internal structure of the sand waves in this area. The results showed that the major component of the sediment samples was sand, and sand waves occurred everywhere in this area, which closely followed the range of the Taiwan Shoal as we know. The western boundary of the Taiwan Shoal thus reaches the 30 m isobaths near the shore, and as a result, its area potentially covers approximately 12 800-14 770 km2. The sand waves have different shapes under the complex ocean dynamics, and the height of sand waves in the near shore is usually smaller than that in the Taiwan Shoal. The number of sand waves ranged from 1-5 per kilometer, with more waves in the isobath-intensive area, suggesting the importance of topography for the formation of sand waves. The stratigraphic structure under the seabed has parallel bedding or cross bedding, and large dipping groove bedding can be seen locally in different parts, which may be the result of terrestrial deposition since the Late Pleistocene.

关键词： sand waves sub-bottom profile grain size Taiwan Shoal

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Recovery of the Erosion Thickness and Characterization of the Paleogeomorphology in the Southern Lishui Sag, East China Sea Shelf Basin

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第2期19卷 320-330页

作者： LI Na ZHANG Jinliang SHEN Wenlong liu Yang liu huaishan WANG Jinkai XIE Jun Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China CNOOC China Ltd. Shanghai 200335China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Geological Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

The restoration of the denudation thickness is the basis for quantitatively analyzing the basin burial history,thermal evolution history and hydrocarbon accumulation *** well data is not sufficient to do this in the southern Lishui Sag with only 5 wells,so the new,high-quality three-dimensional(3D)seismic data is *** methods employed to determine the eroded thicknesses of key unconformities in the study area are the mudstone acoustic time difference(AC)method,vitrinite reflectance(Ro%)method and stratigraphic trend comparison *** the basis of the structural evolution,the restoration of the paleogeomorphology is carried *** results show that the Wenzhou formation(E2 w)in the entire study area has been all *** denudation thickness is in the range of 0–550 m,and decreases gradually from west,thicker than 200 m,to *** erosion of the upper Lingfeng formation(E1l)are mainly occurred in the N-P-1 structural trap(N-P-1),the N-P-2 structural trap(N-P-2)and the N-P-3 structural trap(N-P-3).Among them,the eroded area in N-P-1(near well S-1)and N-P-2 is 200–230 km^2,and the denudation thickness is 0–600 m,which increases from south to north,even up to 200–400 m in the region around well *** N-P-3,the extent of denudation is 30–50 km^2,and the denudation thickness is 0–400 *** the early stage of the upper E1 l,one north-south strike slip fault began to develop in the southern study *** by this fault,the southern Lingfeng bulge was offset,forming a gorge,and the eastern and western sides of the concave belt connected to each *** the basis of the paleo-geomorphological characteristics,it is shown that the sedimentary center of the west subsag began to migrate to the south.

关键词： Oil and gas denudation thickness paleogeomorphology stratigraphic trend Lishui Sag

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Sensitivity Analysis of P-Waves and S-Waves to Gas Hydrate in the Shenhu Area Using OBS

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第1期17卷 139-146页

作者： XING Lei liu Xueqin ZHANG Jin liu huaishan ZHANG Jing LI Zizheng WANG Jianhua Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques MOE Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of China National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploration CNOOC Research Institute

Compared to towed streamers, ocean-bottom seismometers(OBS) obtain both S-wave data and richer wavefield information. In this paper, the induced polarization method is used to conduct wavefield separation on OBS data obtained from the Shenhu area in the South China Sea. A comparison of the changes in P-and S-waves, and a comprehensive analysis of geological factors within the area, enable analysis and description of the occurrence of natural gas hydrate in the study area. Results show an increase in P-wave velocity when natural gas hydrate exists in the formation, whereas the S-wave velocity remains almost constant, as S-waves can only propagate through the rock skeleton. Therefore, the bottom-simulating reflection(BSR) response of the P-wave is better than that of the S-wave in the frequency analysis profile. In a wide-angle section, the refractive wave of the hydrate layer is evident when using P-wave components but identification is difficult with S-wave components. This velocity model illustrates the sensitivity of Pand S-wave components to gas hydrate. The use of this polarization method and results of analysis provide technical and theoretical support for research on hydrate deposits and other geological features in the Shenhu area.

关键词： wavefield separation rock skeleton gas hydrate sensitivity

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