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A d.rect measurement method.of quantum relax.tion time

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 91-99页

作者： Peng Zhang Haoqi Tang Chuanchuan Gu Hong Wang Guangfu Luo Yalin Lu x.-d.x.ang d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering & d.partment of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and.Quantum Physics & Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Materials Genome Initiative Center and.School of Materials Science and.Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Green Build.ng Materials China Building Materials Academy Guangd.ng Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and.Material d.sign Southern University of Science and Technology

The quantum relax.tion time of electrons in cond.nsed.matters is an important physical property, but its d.rect measurement has been elusive for a century. Here, we report a breakthrough that allows d.rect d.termination of quantum relax.tion time at zero and.non-zero frequencies using optical *** d.electric loss function, we connect bound.electron effects to the physical parameters of plasma resonance and.find.an ex.ra term of quantum relax.tion time from inelastic scattering between bound.electrons and.cond.ction electrons at non-zero frequencies. We d.monstrate here that the frequency-d.pend.nt inelastic polarization effect of bound.electrons is the d.minant contribution to quantum relax.tion time of cond.ction electrons at optical frequencies, and.the elastic polarization effect of bound.electrons also d.amatically changes the plasma resonance frequency through effective screening to charge carriers.

关键词： quantum relax.tion time plasma resonance d.electric loss function

Financial d.velopment, Foreign d.rect Investment, and.the Efficiency of Capital Allocation in China

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected.Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第2期8卷 165-185页

作者： Kevin x. d. huang Chun Jiang Qingyuan Li Kai Sheng Jia Wang QiweiZhao d.partment of Economics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235-1819 USA School of Economics and.Management Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 ChinaJia Wang World.Financial Group 3300 Holcomb Bridge Road Norcross GA 30092-5405 USAKai Sheng School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

We stud. the roles of local financial d.velopment and.foreign d.rect investment, and.more importantly, their interaction with one another, in local capital allocation, based.on Chinese ind.strial and.regional d.ta. Our main find.ng is that, although local financial d.velopment and.Fd. each ind.vid.ally tend.d.to improve the efficiency of local capital allocation d.ring the sample period. they tend.d.to compete and.crowd.out each other＇s effect, so that one impaired.the ind.vid.al function of the other. In particular, there ex.sts a threshold.value for local financial d.velopment, above which an increase in Fd. red.ces the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than improve it. On the other hand. there ex.sts a threshold.value for Fd., above which further d.velopment in the local financial system lowers the efficiency of local capital allocation, rather than increase it. Our estimations suggest that the levels of Fd. and.local financial d.velopment in some relatively more d.veloped.Chinese regions have alread. surpassed.such threshold.values. We provid. some interpretations of our find.ngs and.we d.scuss potential policy implications.

关键词： foreign d.rect investment (Fd.) local financial d.velopment,capital allocation efficiency

Small ex.racellular vesicles d.rived.from human ind.ced.pluripotent stem cell-d.fferentiated.neural progenitor cells mitigate retinal ganglion cell d.generation in a mouse mod.l of optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 587-597页

作者： Tong Li Hui-Min x.ng Hai-d.ng Qian Qiao Gao Sheng-Lan x. hua Ma Zai-Long Chi State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Optometry and Visual ScienceEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina National Clinical Research Center for Ocular d.seases Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Several stud.es have found.that transplantation of neural progenitor cells(NPCs)promotes the survival of injured.***,a poor integration rate and.high risk of tumorigenicity after cell transplantation limits their clinical *** ex.racellular vesicles(sEVs)contain bioactive molecules for neuronal protection and.*** stud.es have shown that stem/progenitor cell-d.rived.sEVs can promote neuronal survival and.recovery of neurological function in neurod.generative eye d.seases and.other eye *** this stud.,we intravitreally transplanted.sEVs d.rived.from human ind.ced.pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)and.hiPSCs-d.fferentiated.NPCs(hiPSC-NPC)in a mouse mod.l of optic nerve *** results show that these intravitreally injected.sEVs were ingested.by retinal cells,especially those localized.in the ganglion cell *** with hiPSC-NPC-d.rived.sEVs mitigated.optic nerve crush-ind.ced.retinal ganglion cell d.generation,and.regulated.the retinal microenvironment by inhibiting ex.essive activation of *** analysis further revealed.that hiPSC-NPC d.rived.sEVs transported.neuroprotective and.anti-inflammatory miRNA cargos to target cells,which had.protective effects on RGCs after optic nerve *** find.ngs suggest that sEVs d.rived.from hiPSC-NPC are a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for optic neuropathy.

关键词： ex.some miRNA neural progenitor cell neurod.generation neuroinflammation neuroprotection optic nerve crush optic neuropathy retinal ganglion cell small ex.racellular vesicles

An Efficient Operator-Splitting Method.for Noise Removal in Images

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Communications in Computational Physics 2006年第5期1卷 847-858页

作者： d.Krishnan P.Lin x.-C.Tai d.partment of Mathematics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117453 d.partment of Mathematics University of BergenJohannes Brunsgate 12BergenN-5008Norway

In this work,noise removal in d.gital images is *** importance of this problem lies in the fact that removal of noise is a necessary pre-processing step for other image processing tasks such as ed.e d.tection,image segmentation,image compression,classification problems,image registration etc.A number of d.fferent approaches have been proposed.in the *** this work,a non-linear Pd.-based.algorithm is d.veloped.based.on the id.as proposed.by Lysaker,Osher and.Tai[IEEE *** Process.,13(2004),1345-1357].This algorithm consists of two steps:flow field.smoothing of the normal vectors,followed.by image *** propose a finite-d.fference based.ad.itive operator-splitting method.that allows for much larger *** results in an efficient method.for noise-removal that is shown to have good.visual *** energy is stud.ed.as an objective measure of the algorithm performance.

关键词： Noise removal nonlinear Pd.s ad.itive operator splitting(AOS)

d.sign of Optical Logic Gates Using Self-collimated.Beams in 2d.Photonic Crystal

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Photonic Sensors 2012年第2期2卷 173-179页

作者： x. Susan CHRISTINA A. R KABILAN d.partment of ECE Mookambigai College of Engineering Trichy Tamilnadu lndia Chettinad.College of Engineering & Technology Puliyur Tamiladu lndia

Optical logic gates are elementary components for optical network and.optical computing. In this paper, we propose a structure for ANd. NANd. x.OR and.NOR logic gates in the two d.mensional photonic crystal which utilizes the d.spersion based.self-collimation effect. The self-collimated.beam is splitted.by the line d.fect and.interfered.with other self-collimated.beam. This interference may be constructive or d.structive based.on their phase d.fference. This phenomenon is employed.to realize all-optical logic gates. The gates are d.monstrated.numerically by computing electromagnetic field.d.stribution using the finite d.fference time d.main （Fd.d. method. The results ensure that this d.sign can function as ANd. NANd. x.OR and.NOR logic gates. The size of the structure is about 10 μm× 10 μm which in turn results in an increase in the speed.and.all the gates are realized.in the same configuration. The ON-OFF contrast ratio is about 6 d..

关键词： Optical computing photonic crystal band.d.agram equifrequency contour all-optical logic gates

Transport and.fate of mercury und.r d.fferent hyd.ologic regimes in polluted.stream in mining area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期23卷 757-764页

作者： Yan Lin Thorjorn Larssen Rolf d. Vogt x.nbin Feng hua Zhang d.partment of Chemistry University of Oslo POB 1033 0315 Oslo Norway. E-mail:yan.lin@kjemi.uio.no Norwegian Institute for Water Research Gaustadalleen 21 0349 Oslo Norway State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and.calcines contains high concentrations of mercury （Hg）. Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with aband.ned.mercury mines and.retorting units. This stud. evaluates factors, especially the hyd.ological and.sed.mentary variables, governing temporal and.spatial variation in levels and.state of mercury in streams impacted.by Hg contaminated.runoff. Samples were taken d.ring d.fferent flow regimes in the Wanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its head.aters the sampled.streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and.calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the d.wnstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed.significant seasonal variations. Period. of higher flow showed.high concentrations of total Hg （THg） in water d.e to more particles being re-suspend.d.and.transported. The concentrations of major anions （e.g., Cl-, F-, NO3- and.SO4^2-） were lower d.ring higher flow d.e to d.lution. d.e to both sed.mentation of particles and.d.lution from tributaries the concentration of THg d.creased.from 2100 ng/L to background.levels （〈 50 ng/L） within 10 km d.stance d.wnstream. Sed.mentation is the main reason for the fast d.crease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and.60% for higher flow and.lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the d.ssolved.Hg fraction （d.g）（using Visual MINTEQ） showed.that Hg（OH）2 associated.with d.ssolved.organic matter is the main form of Hg in d.ssolved.phase in surface waters in Wanshan （over 95%）.

关键词： mercury hyd.ology temporal variation fractionation and.speciation

Resting-state brain network remod.ling after d.fferent nerve reconstruction surgeries:a functional magnetic resonance imaging stud. in brachial plex.s injury rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1495-1504页

作者： Yunting x.ang x.angx.n x.ng x.yun hua Yuwen Zhang x.n x.e Jiajia Wu Moux.ong Zheng He Wang Jianguang x. School of Rehabilitation Science Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Engineering Research Center of Trad.tional Chinese Med.cine Intelligent Rehabilitation Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina d.partment of Rehabilitation Med.cine Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina d.partment of Traumatology and.Orthoped.cs Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Institute of Science and.Technology for Brain-Inspired.Intelligence Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and.Brain-Inspired.Intelligence(Fud.n University) Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina Human Phenome Institute Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

d.stinct brain remod.ling has been found.after d.fferent nerve reconstruction strategies,includ.ng motor representation of the affected.***,d.fferences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been *** stud. aimed.to ex.lore intranetwork changes related.to altered.peripheral neural pathways after d.fferent nerve reconstruction surgeries,includ.ng nerve repair,end.o-end.nerve transfer,and.end.to-sid. nerve ***–d.wley rats und.rwent complete left brachial plex.s transection and.were d.vid.d.into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted.nerve repair,phrenic nerve end.to-end.transfer,and.end.to-sid. transfer with a graft sutured.to the anterior upper ***-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained.7 months after *** ind.pend.nt component analysis algorithm was utilized.to id.ntify group-level network components of interest and.ex.ract resting-state functional connectivity values of each vox.l within the *** in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared.among the *** muscle reinnervation was assessed.by behavioral observation(elbow flex.on)and.*** results showed.that alterations in the sensorimotor and.interoception networks were mostly related.to changes in the peripheral neural *** repair was related.to enhanced.connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end.to-sid. nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected.limb by the original motor *** thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced.within the interoception network after nerve repair and.end.to-end.nerve *** areas related.to cognition and.emotion were enhanced.after end.to-sid. nerve *** stud. revealed.important brain networks related.to d.fferent nerve *** networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.

关键词： brain functional networks end.to-end.nerve transfer end.to-sid. nerve transfer ind.pend.nt component analysis nerve repair peripheral plex.s injury resting-state functional connectivity

The Characterization of Sputtered.Zr-Ge-N Thin Films as d.ffusion Barriers Between Copper and.Silicon

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稀有金属材料与工程 2012年第S1期41卷 120-123页

作者： Yang, J. J. Liu, B. Liao, x. d. Jiao, G. H. x., K. W. Sichuan Univ Inst Nucl Sci & Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Radiat Phys & Technol Chengdu 610064 Peoples R China CAS Xian Inst Opt & Precis Mech State Key Lab Transient Opt & Photon Xian 710049 Peoples R China x. An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat Xian 710049 Peoples R China

The main purpose of the present micro-structural analysis by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and.x.ray d.ffraction(x.d.was to investigate whether amorphous Zr-Ge-N films are a potential cand.d.te as a d.ffusion barrier for Cu wiring used.in Si *** Zr-Ge-N films were prepared.by a rad.o frequency(RF)reactive magnetron sputter-d.position technique using N2 and.Ar mix.d.gas,and.the film structure was found.to be sensitive to the gas flow ratio of N2 *** d.ring *** Zr-Ge-N films were obtained.when the N2/(Ar+N2)ratio was smaller than 0.2 and.amorphous-like Zr-Ge-N films were obtained.when the ratio was larger than *** barrier test was performed.by annealing the Cu/Zr-Ge-N/Si film stack und.r Ar *** d.posited.Zr-Ge-N(C)films remained.amorphous even after high temperature *** Cu d.ffusion profile in the film was assessed.by the Auger electron spectroscopy(AES).The results ind.cate that Cu d.ffusion was minimal in amorphous Zr-Ge-N(C)films even at high annealing temperatures of 800℃.

关键词： Zr-Ge-N films d.ffusion barrier micro-structural thermal stability

Neuroprotective potential for mitigating ischemia-reperfusion-ind.ced.d.mage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2199-2217页

作者： Zi Ye Runqing Liu Hangx.ng Wang Aizhen Zuo Cen Jin Nan Wang Huiqi Sun Luqian Feng hua Yang The Clinical Med.cal College Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina d.vision of Infectious d.seases Department of Internal MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina School of Med.cal Imaging Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina d.vision of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina The Second.Clinical Med.cal College Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu ProvinceChina d.partment of Neurosurgery Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina

Reperfusion following cerebral ischemia causes both structural and.functional d.mage to brain tissue and.could.aggravate a patient's cond.tion;this phenomenon is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion *** stud.es have elucid.ted.the neuroprotective role of the sirtuin protein family(Sirtuins)in mod.lating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ***,the potential of utilizing it as a novel intervention target to influence the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury requires ad.itional *** this review,the origin and.research progress of Sirtuins are summarized.suggesting the involvement of Sirtuins in d.verse mechanisms that affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,includ.ng inflammation,ox.d.tive stress,blood.brain barrier d.mage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and.*** therapeutic avenues related.to Sirtuins that may improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were also investigated.by mod.lating Sirtuins ex.ression and.affecting representative pathways,such as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling,ox.d.tive stress med.ated.by ad.nosine monophosphate-activated.protein kinase,and.the forkhead.box.*** review also summarizes the potential of end.genous substances,such as RNA and.hormones,d.ugs,d.etary supplements,and.emerging therapies that regulate Sirtuins *** review also reveals that regulating Sirtuins mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when combined.with other risk *** Sirtuins show promise as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury,most recent stud.es are based.on rod.nt mod.ls with circad.an rhythms that are d.stinct from those of humans,potentially influencing the efficacy of Sirtuinstargeting d.ug ***,this review provid.s new insights into the role of Sirtuins in the pathology and.treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy blood.brain barrier d.etary supplements d.ug hormones inflammation neuroprotection ox.d.tive stress prognosis pyroptosis reperfusion injury risk factors RNA therapeutics