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Studies on the temporal,structural,and interacting features of the clubroot resistance gene Rcr1 using CRISPR/Cas9-based systems

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第4期10卷 1035-1048页

作者： Hao hu Fengqun Yu Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre107 Science PlaceSaskatoonSKS7N OX2Canada

Clubroot disease is a severe threat to Brassica crops globally,particularly in western *** resistance,achieved through pyramiding clubroot resistance(CR)genes with different modes of action,is the most important strategy for managing the ***,studies on the CR gene functions are quite *** this study,we have conducted investigations into the temporal,structural,and interacting features of a newly cloned CR gene,Rcr1,using CRISPR/Cas9 *** temporal functionality,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based binary vector,pHHIGR-Hsp18.2,to deliver Rcr1 into a susceptible canola line(DH12075)and observed that early expression of Rcr1 is critical for conferring *** structural functionality,several independent mutations in specific domains of Rcr1 resulted in loss-offunction,highlighting their importance for CR *** the study of the interacting features of Rcr1,a cysteine protease gene and its homologous allele in canola were successfully disrupted via CRISPR/Cas9 as an interacting component with Rcr1 protein,resulting in the conversion from clubroot resistant to susceptible in plants carrying intact *** results indicated an indispensable role of these two cysteine proteases in Rcr1-mediated resistance *** study,the first of its kind,provides valuable insights into the functionality of ***,the new vector p HHIGR-Hsp18.2 demonstrated an inducible feature on the removal of add-on traits,which should be useful for functional genomics and other similar research in brassica crops.

关键词： Clubroot resistance Brassica crops Canola Rcr1 CRISPR/Cas9 system Gene knock-out Timing control Non-synonymous mutation Protein-protein interaction

Ionic liquid derived electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 604-622页

作者： Tianhao Li Weihua hu Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China Yibin Academy of Southwest University University RoadYibinSichuan644005China

Hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting is a promising strategy to generate green energy,which requires the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction(HER and OER).Ionic liquids(ILs)or poly(ionic liquids)(PILs),containing heteroatoms,metal-based anions,and various structures,have been frequently involved as precursors to prepare electrocatalysts for water ***,ILs/PILs possess high conductivity,wide electrochemical windows,and high thermal and chemical stability,which can be directly applied in the electrocatalysis process with high *** this review,we focus on the studies of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts for HER and OER,where ILs/PILs are applied as heteroatom dopants and metal precursors to prepare catalysts or are directly utilized as the *** to those attractive properties,IL/PIL-derived electrocatalysts exhibit excellent performance for electrochemical water *** these accomplishments and developments are systematically summarized and thoughtfully ***,the overall perspectives for the current challenges and future developments of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts are provided.

关键词： Ionic liquid Electrochemical water splitting Hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction

Influencing Factors on Cardiovascular Health in China

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第1期21卷 4-33页

作者： Sheng-Shou hu 无 Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences BeijingChina the Writing Committee of the Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

The Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China(2022)intricate landscape of cardiovascular health in *** is the first section of the report,which dissects influential factors across diverse *** investigation identifies tobacco use as a paramount concern,portraying China as the global epicenter of tobacco *** smoking,exacerbated by second-hand smoke exposure,emerges as a critical and preventable risk factor,contributing to a surge in attributable deaths over the past three *** the realm of dietary nutrition,the study discerns an overall improvement,yet discerns worrisome deviations,notably an escalating fat intake surpassing recommended *** shifting dietary structure reveals diminished consumption of cereals and vegetables juxtaposed with an uptick in animal foods,while excessive intake of cooking oil and salt persists,straying substantially from endorsed *** exploration of physical activity patterns unfolds a nuanced *** trends are observed among students,with concerns arising from sedentary behaviors and inadequate adherence to recommended *** analysis spans a trajectory of declining physical activity in Chinese adults,coupled with an alarming surge in sedentary leisure time,ultimately linking these factors to heightened risks of cardiovascular diseases and increased *** examination of overweight and obesity trends uncovers a relentless upward trajectory,projecting substantial prevalence by *** prevalence rates underscore the imperative for targeted interventions to curtail this burgeoning health crisis,with the anticipated prevalence extending to nearly two-thirds of the adult *** factors,notably depression,constitute an integral facet of cardiovascular *** rates among patients with coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction underscore the intricate interplay between mental health and cardiovascular

关键词： Influencing smoke linking

Intraseasonal variability of the Kuroshio observed via mooring at 18°N

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 468-483页

作者： Xin YUAN Qingye WANG Jie MA Shijian hu Dunxin hu Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

Insufficient observations near the origin of the Kuroshio have led to incomplete understanding of the intraseasonal variability(ISV)of the *** measurements of the Kuroshio velocity were performed with an array of three profiler moorings(122.7°E,123°E,and 123.3°E)along 18°N from January 2018 to February *** ISV of the Kuroshio at 18°N was investigated based on a combination of mooring observations and global high-resolution HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model reanalysis *** estimated time-averaged transport in the upper 350 m across the observation transect was 6.5±2.6 Sv(1.0 Sv=10^(6)m^(3)/s).Two significant ISV peaks at 50-60 and~100 d were recognized in the power spectra of the meridional velocity and *** analysis indicated that the ISV at 50-60 d was caused by westward-propagating eddies at average propagation speed of~13 cm/s and wavelength of~635 *** ISV peak at~100 d was mainly caused by northward-propagating eddies generated in the North Equatorial Current *** investigation indicated that the ISV of the Kuroshio at 18°N is dominated by meridional transport,rather than by the zonal migration of the Kuroshio main *** findings provide a better understanding of the ISV of the Kuroshio east of Luzon Island.

关键词： intraseasonal variability(ISV) Kuroshio mooring observation eddy

Unusual Single Electron Transfer Reactions between Alkenes and Iodine Electrophiles

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第5期42卷 471-477页

作者： Zhengzhao Lou Jingyu hu Chuanfa Ni Xiu Wang Jinbo hu Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences345 Ling Ling RoadShanghai200032 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University100 Haike RoadShanghai201210 China

The electrophilic addition to an alkene with an electrophile has been widely studied and applied in organic *** organic chemistry textbook describes the classical reaction between an alkene and an iodine electrophile(such as elemental iodine and N-iodosuccinimide(NIS))as a typical ionic reaction,in which an iodonium ion is formed and then attacked by a ***,in this article,we report a new and unusual reaction mode between an alkene and NIS;that is,a single electron transfer(SET)process occurs between these two reactants by forming an electron-donor acceptor *** only does this unusual single electron transfer reaction between an alkene and NIS add fundamentally important knowledge to organic chemistry,it also provides a valuable synthetic method as the new SET reaction mode with opposite regioselectivity as compared with the traditional ionic mode.

关键词： Electrophilic addition Radical ions Reaction mechanisms Alkenes Fluorine

Single and combined effects of secondary polyethylene microplastic on the growth of Pak choi and the soil microbiome composition

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 1-12页

作者： Jiamin hu Zhenwen Xie Jiane Zuo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China

It has been confirmed that microplastics(MPs)are present in the *** study simulated secondary PE-MPs via aging and mechanical processes to evaluate their effects on Pak choi(Brassica rapa L.)over 21 *** common pollutants,dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT)and naphthalene,were used in the combined toxicity *** results indicated that the growth of Pak choi was significantly inhibited after exposure to secondary PE-MPs,and the combined effects were antagonistic,owing to the adsorption capacity of secondary PE-MPs to DDT and *** stress in Pak choi can be markedly affected,leading to oxidative damage to plant *** moisture content,soil bulk density,soil density,cation exchange capacity(CEC),and FDA hydrolase in the planted soils increased in the treated groups,and the TOC content changed *** also found that the microbial composition of the soil in the DDT and naphthalene groups showed more significant alterations than that in the other *** diversity analysis showed that species diversity increased in the combined groups but indicated a clear downward trend in the single MPs *** study suggests that secondary PE-MPs harm the growth of Pak choi and can change soil properties,revealing the harm to the ecosystem of MPs in the soil.

关键词： Secondary PE-MPs Combined effects Oxidative stress Soil properties Bacterial community

Numerical simulation study on the hygrothermal performance of building exterior walls under dynamic wind-driven rain condition

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 207-221页

作者： Xing hu huibo Zhang hui Yu School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Wind-driven rain(WDR)has a significant influence on the hygrothermal performance,durability,and energy consumption of building *** calculation of WDR loads using semi-empirical models has been incorporated into the boundary conditions of coupled heat and moisture transfer ***,prior research often relied on fixed WDR absorption ratio,which fail to accurately capture the water absorption characteristics of porous building materials under rainfall ***,this study aims to investigate the coupled heat and moisture transfer of exterior walls under dynamic WDR boundary conditions,utilizing an empirically obtained WDR absorption ratio model based on field *** developed coupled heat and moisture transfer model is validated against the HAMSTAD *** findings reveal that the total WDR flux calculated with the dynamic WDR boundary is lower than that obtained with the fixed WDR boundary,with greater disparities observed in orientations experiencing higher WDR *** variations in moisture flow significantly impact the surface temperature and relative humidity of the walls,influencing the calculation of cooling and heating loads by different *** to the transient heat transfer model,the coupled heat and moisture transfer model incorporating dynamic WDR boundary exhibits maximum increases of 17.6%and 16.2%in cooling and heating loads,*** dynamic WDR boundary conditions provide more precise numerical values for surface moisture flux,offering valuable insights for the thermal design of building enclosures and load calculations for HVAC systems.

关键词： wind-driven rain building component hygrothermal model transient simulation cooling and heating loads

A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 106-130页

作者： Jun hu Mitsumasa Iwamoto Xiangyu Chen CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China School of Nanoscience and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Department of Physical Electronics Tokyo Institute of Technology2‑12‑1 S3‑33 O‑OkayamaMeguro‑KuTokyo 152‑8552Japan

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification(CE)at diverse interfaces,including solid–solid,liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,gas–solid,and gas–*** enables energy harvesting from sources such as water,wind,and *** this review,we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE *** elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface *** review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification ***,we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various ***,this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may *** anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.

关键词： Contact electrification Interfaces Triboelectric nanogenerators Diversified applications

A wide-linear-range and low-hysteresis resistive strain sensor made of double-threaded conductive yarn for human movement detection

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 202-212页

作者： Fei huang Jiyong hu Xiong Yan Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Yarn-based flexible strain sensors with advantages in wearability and integrability have attracted wide ***,it is still a big challenge to achieve yarn-based strain sensors with a wide linear strain range,low hysteresis,and durability synchronously that can be used for full range detection of human body ***,a new structure,double-threaded conductive yarn with rhythmic strain distribu-tion,is reported to markedly widen the linear strain range of microcrack-based stretchable strain sensors.A new method of winding and thermally adhering hot-melt filaments on the surface of the elastic fiber is used to achieve double-threaded yarn(DTY)with rhythmic strain *** proposed strategy,the integration of heterogeneous materials,is reported to significantly reduce the mechanical hysteresis of composite *** strain distribution of the DTY during stretching causes multi-level micro-cracks in different regions of the carbon nanotube(CNT)conductive layer deposited on the surface of the ***,the sensing performance of DTY-based strain sensor can be adjusted by designing the structural *** final prepared flexible strain sensor has the advantages of a wide linear strain range(100%),great sensitivity(GF=12.43),low hysteresis,rapid response(158 ms),high repeatability(>2000 cycles at 50%strain),and hydrophobicity,*** sensor can monitor human motion repeatedly and stably well,and shows great advantages in flexible wearable devices.

关键词： Double-threaded yarn Strain redistribution Hysteresis human motion monitoring