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The contribution of a non-governmental organisation’s Community Based Tuberculosis Care Programme to case finding in Myanmar:trend over time

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 449-454页

作者： htet myet win maung Saw Saw Petros Isaakidis Mohammed Khogali Anthony Reid Nguyen Binh Hoa Ko Ko Zaw Saw Thein Si Thu Aung National Tuberculosis Programme Ministry of Health and SportsZabuthiri townshipPostcode 15011 Nay Pyi TawMyanmar Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar Medecins Sans Frontieres Operational Research UnitMSF-LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme HanoiVietnam Centre for Operational Research International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFrance

Background:It is estimated that the standard,passive case finding(PCF)strategy for detecting cases of tuberculosis(TB)in Myanmar has not been successful:26%of cases are ***,alternative strategies,such as active case finding(ACF)by community volunteers,have been initiated since *** study aimed to assess the contribution of a Community Based TB Care Programme(CBTC)by local non-government organizations(NGOs)to TB case finding in Myanmar over 4 ***:This was a descriptive study using routine,monitoring *** data from the NGOs were sent to a central registry within the National TB Programme and data for this study were extracted from that *** from all 84 project townships in five regions and three states in Myanmar were *** project was launched in ***:Over time,the number of presumptive TB cases that were referred decreased,except in the Yangon Region,although in some areas,the numbers *** the same time,there was a trend for the proportion of cases treated,compared to those referred,that decreased over time(P=0.051).Overall,among 84 townships,the contribution of CBTC to total case detection deceased from 6%to 4%over time(P<0.001).Conclusions:Contrary to expectations and evidence from previous studies in other countries,a concerning reduction in TB case finding by local NGO volunteer networks in several areas in Myanmar was recorded over 4 *** suggests that measures to support the volunteer network and improve its performance are *** may include discussion with local NGOs human resources personnel,incentives for the volunteers,closer supervision of volunteers and improved monitoring and evaluation tools.

关键词： Operational research Community based tuberculosis care Contribution SORT IT

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Subtle presentation of active primary biliary cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第2期5卷 157-160,I0002页

作者： Asad Javaid Mugilan Poongkunran Felicia D.Allard win Kyaw htet htet maung Daryl Lau Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA a Department of Pathology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

We are describing an interesting case of two chronic liver diseases in a 48-year-old Chinese *** chronic hepatitis B is a common entity in Asia,the patient was later found to have active,asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis due to a persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase level after optimal hepatitis B virus DNA suppression on antiviral *** report emphasizes the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion for another potential liver disease process even after a patient has been successfully treated for a primary liver *** vigilance,especially in atypical clinical presentations,can result in early accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment.

关键词： primary biliary cirrhosis chronic hepatitis B cholestatic disease alkaline phosphatase anti-mitochondrial antibodies

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Molecular phylogeny of the genus Muntiacus with special emphasis on the phylogenetic position of Muntiacus gongshanensis

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Zoological Research 2021年第2期42卷 212-216页

作者： Yun-Chun Zhang Ye htet Lwin Ren Li Kyaw-win maung Guo-Gang Li Rui-Chang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences&Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Forest Research Institute Forest Department Ministry of Environmental Conservation and ForestryYezinNay Pyi Taw 05282Myanmar College of Life Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810008China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of ScienceMenglaYunnan 666303China

DEAR EDITOR,Muntjac deer(Cervidae: Muntiacus) are often cited as an excellent model for the study of vertebrate evolution due to their fast rate of change in chromosome number among vertebrates. However, the phylogenetic relationships within Muntiacus generally, and the taxonomic status of Muntiacus gongshanensis specifically, remain unclear.

关键词： phylogeny Molecular ens

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Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, antiglycation and antimicrobial potential of indigenous Myanmar medicinal plants

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 358-366页

作者： The Su Moe htet htet win Thin Thin Hlaing War War Lwin Zaw Min htet Khin Mar Mya Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory Biotechnology Research DepartmentMinistry of EducationMandalay Division Department of Research and Innovation (DRI) Ministry of Education Cell Culture Laboratory Biotechnology Research DepartmentMinistry of EducationMandalay Division

Objective： Myanmar has a long history of using medicinal plants for treatment of various diseases. To the best of our knowledge there are no previous reports on antiglycation activities of medicinal plants from Myanmar. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antiglycation and antimicrobial properties of 20 ethanolic extracts from 17 medicinal plants indigenous to Myanmar. Methods： In vitro scavenging assays of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, nitric oxide （NO）, superoxide （SO） radicals were used to determine the antioxidant activities. Folin-Ciocalteu＇s method was performed to determine the total phenolic content. Antiglycation and antimicrobial activities were detected by bovine serum albumin-fluorescent assay and agar well diffusion method. Results： Terminalia cbebula Retz. （Fruit）, containing the highest total phenolic content, showed high antioxidant activities with inhibition of 77.98% ± 0.92% 88.95% ± 2.42%, 88.56% ±1.87% and 70.74% ±2.57% for DPPH, NO, SO assays and antiglycation activity respectively. It also showed the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with inhibition zone of 19, 18, 17, 25 and 15 ram, respectively. Garcinia mangostana Linn. showed the strongest activities for SO and antiglycation assays with inhibition of 93.68% ± 2.63% and 82.37%± 1.78%. Bark of Melia sp. was the best NO radical scavenger with inhibition rate of 89.39%± 0.60%. Conclusion： The results suggest that these plants are potential sources of antioxidants with free radical-scavenging and antiglycation activities and could be useful for decreasing the oxidative stress and glycation end-product formation in glycation-related diseases.

关键词： Medicinal plants Antiglycation Antioxidant2,2 -Diphenyl-1 -picrylhydrazyl Nitric oxide Superoxide Antimicrobial agents

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Hepatitis C virus therapy with peg-interferon and ribavirin in Myanmar: A resource-constrained country

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9613-9622页

作者： Naomi Khaing Than Hlaing Debolina Banerjee Robert Mitrani Soe htet Arker Kyaw San win Nyan Lin Tun Zaw Thant Khin maung win K Rajender Reddy Department of Hepatology Mandalay General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Pennsylvania

AIM To investigate peg-interferon(peg-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) therapy in Myanmar and to predict sustained virologic response(SVR).METHODS This single-center, open-label, study was conducted in Myanmar between 2009 and 2014. A total of 288 patients infected with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6 were treated with peg-IFN alpha-2a(180 μg/wk) or alpha-2b(50 to 100 μg as a weight-based dose) and RBV as a weight-based dose(15 mg/kg/d). Treatment duration was 48 wk for genotypes 1 and 6, 24 wk for genotype 2, and 24 or 48 wk for genotype 3 based on rapid virologic response(RVR). Those co-infected with hepatitis B received 48 wk of *** Overall, SVR was achieved for 82% of patients and the therapy was well tolerated. All patients achieved SVR at equivalent rates regardless of HCV genotype(P = 0.314). Low fibrosis scores(P 96% positive predictive value for achieving SVR. Treatment duration did not significantly impact the likelihood of achieving SVR for patients infected with genotype 3 HCV(P = 0.371). The most common adverse events were fatigue(71%) and poor appetite(60%). Among patients with genotype 3 HCV, more patients in the 48-wk treatment group required erythropoietin than in the 24-wk treatment group(61.1% vs 49.2%).CONCLUSION SVR rates were high with peg-IFN and RBV therapy in Myanmar. Fibrosis scores, baseline albumin, HCV RNA levels and RVR independently predicted SVR.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Pegylated-interferon Ribavirin Sustained virologic response Rapid virologic response

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Complete mitochondrial genome of the leaf muntjac(Muntiacus putaoensis) and phylogenetics of the genus Muntiacus

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Zoological Research 2017年第5期38卷 310-316页

作者： Guo-Gang Li Ming-Xia Zhang Kyaw Swa Kyaw-win maung Rui-Chang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan 666303China Hponkan Razi Wildlife Sanctuary Offices Putao Kachin 01051 Myanmar Forest Research Institute Forest Department Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar

The leaf muntjac （Muntiacus putaoensis） is an endemic deer species found in the east trans- Himalayan region. In recent years, population numbers have decreased due to heavy hunting and habitat loss, and little genetic data exists for this species, thus our knowledge of distribution rangs and population sizes likewise remain limited. We obtained mtDNA genes and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of M. putaoensis using PCR, followed by direct sequencing. The complete mitogenome sequence was determined as a circular 16 349 bp mitochondrial genome, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes 22 tRNA genes, and one control region, the gene composition and order of which were similar to most other vertebrates so far reported. Most mitochondrial genes, except for ND6 and eight tRNAs, were encoded on the heavy strand. The overall base composition of the heavy strand was 33.1% A, 29.3% T, 24.2% C, and 13.4% G, with a strong AT bias of 62.4%. There were seven regions of gene overlap totaling 95 bp and 11 intergenic spacer regions totaling 74 bp. Phylogenetic analyses （ML and BI） among the Muntiacus genus based on the sequenced of mitogenome and ND4L-ND4 supported M. putaoensis as a member of Muntiacus, most closely related to M. vuquangensis. However, when analyses based on cyt b included two more muntjacs, M. truongsonensis was most closely related to M. putaoensis rather than M. vuquangensis, and together with M. rooseveltorum, likely forming a M. rooseveltorum complex of the species. This study will help in the exploration of the evolutionary history and taxonomic status of the leaf muntjac, as well as its protection as a genetic resource.

关键词： Muntiacus Muntiacus putaoensis Mitogenome Phylogenetics

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New contributions to the flora of Myanmar I

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 135-152页

作者： Hong-Bo Ding Bin Yang Shi-Shun Zhou Mya Bhone Maw Kyaw win maung Yun-Hong Tan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute & Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun Mengla Yunnan 666303 China Forest Research Institute Forest Department Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar

In this study, we describe several new taxa belonging to the flora of Myanmar. One new family, Polyosmaceae (Polyosma wallichii Benn.) is recorded. Over ten new genera are recorded for the first time, including Amentotaxus Pilger (Taxaceae), Hydrobryopsis Engler (Podostemaceae), Cyrtosia Blume and Biermannia King & Pantling (Orchidaceae), Eleutharrhena Forman and Haematocarpus Miers (Menispermaceae), Craigia W.W. Smith & W.E. Evans (Malvaceae), Amblyanthopsis Mez (Primulaceae), Huodendron Rehder and Rehderodendron Hu (Styracaceae), Platea Blume (Metteniusaceae), Achyrospermum Blume (Lamiaceae), Christisonia Gardner (Orobanchaceae). In addition, five new species are described and illustrated: Tupistra natmataungensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Biermannia burmanica Y.H. Tan & Bin Yang, Impatiens megacalyx Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Amblyanthopsis burmanica Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding, Platea kachinensis Y.H. Tan & H.B. Ding. The distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status of these new species are also described.

关键词： Polyosmaceae New record genus New species Flora Myanmar

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Chemical analysis of hydroquinone and retinoic acid contents in facial whitening creams

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 89-90页

作者： Aung Myo htet Ei Ei Thin Mi Mi Saw Soe win Health Promotion and Diseases Prevention Department Health and Diseases Control UnitNay Pyi TawMyanmar Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Myanmar Pharmaceutics Department University of PharmacyYangonMyanmar Department of Pharmacy Military Institute of Nursing and Paramedical SciencesYangonMyanmar

Hydroquinone is potentially carcinogenic and is known to be a skin and respiratory *** is carcinogenic it has been banned in some countries because of fears of a cancer risk[1,2].Animal studies have shown that topically applied retinoic acid can be photocarcinogenic[3].The aim of this study was qualitative and quantitative determination of hydroquinone and retinoic acid contents in facial whitening creams by colour reaction tests,FT-IR after TLC separation and HPLC.

关键词： Hydroquinone and retinoic acid HPLC Facial whitening creams

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Five newly recorded Cyprinid fish (Teleostei： Cypriniformes) in Myanmar

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Zoological Research 2017年第5期38卷 300-309页

作者： Tao Qin Zhi-Ying Chen Lu-Lu Xu Paing Zaw Yunn Mi Mi Kyaw Kyaw win maung Xiao-Yong Chen Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Kunming Collage of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650204 China Forest Research Institute Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar

Freshwater fish from the Putao and Myitkyina areas were collected in three ichthyofaunal surveys of the Mall Hka River and tributaries in and around Khakaborazi National Park and Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, Kachin State, from 2014-2016. Tor yingjiangensis Chen et Yang 2004, Tor qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra qiaojiensis Wu et al. 1977, Garra bispinosa Zhang 2005, and Schizothorax oligolepis Huang 1985, originally described from the upper Irrawaddy （Ayeyarwaddy） River in China, are first reported herein as new records to Myanmar. Counts, measurements, descriptions, photographs, and distributions of the specimens of the five newly recorded species are provided.

关键词： New record Cyprinidae Mali Hka River Irrawaddy Myanmar

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Formulation and Evaluation of Lipstick with Betacyanin Pigment of <i>Hylocereus polyrhizus</i>(Red Dragon Fruit)

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2020年第4期10卷 212-224页

作者： Theeoo Lwin Cho Yi Myint htet htet win Wah Wah Oo Khit Chit Department of Pharmacology University of Pharmacy-Mandalay Mandalay Myanmar Department of Pharmaceutics University of Pharmacy-Mandalay Mandalay Myanmar Biotechnology Research Department Kyaukse Myanmar Department of Food and Drug Administration Mandalay Myanmar Department of Food and Drug Administration Naypyidaw Myanmar

Lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because most lipsticks contained high lead level and long term use of high lead level lipstick may harm the consumers. Research findings have suggested that administration of various antioxidants can prevent or subdue various toxic effects of lead and generation of oxidative stress. Hylocereus polyrhizus (Red dragon fruit) is widely available in Myanmar and it contains powerful antioxidant amaranth colorant called betacyanin pigment. It can prevent the oxidative stress caused by low level of lead, thus suitable as natural colorant for lipstick. As a role of pharmacist, this research was intended to minimize the adverse effects of lipsticks by formulating natural lipstick with betacyanin pigment obtained from H. polyrhizus and other natural ingredients. Formulation of lipstick was carried out by heating and blending method with homogenizer at a speed of 12000 rpm. Then, pH, melting point, surface abnormalities, aging stability, perfume stability and antioxidant activity were performed as quality evaluation. Skin irritation test, microbial analysis and lead content determination were carried out as safety evaluation. Formulated lipsticks with betacyanin pigment of H. polyrhizus have acceptable quality. The IC50 of standard ascorbic acid and formulated lipstick were 4.51 μg/ml and 22.23 μg/ml respectively. In quantitative analysis for microbiological control, formulated lipstick had no visible colony and in qualitative analysis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not detected in 0.5 g of formulated lipsticks. Moreover, lead content of formulated lipstick was only 2.9 ppm that is within allowable limit and it had negligible skin irri

关键词： Lipstick Lead Betacyanin H. polyrhizus Quality Safety Red Dragon Fruit

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