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The LEGUE high latitude bright survey design for the LAMOST pilot survey

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 792-804页

作者： Yue-Yang Zhang Jeffrey L. Carlin Fan Yang Chao Liu Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Hao-Tong Zhang Sebastien Lepine Yan Xu Shuang Gao Norbert Chfi' stlieb Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou hsu-tai lee Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan Hong-Chi Wang Key Lab for Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Astrophysics Division of Physical Sciences American Museum of NaturalHistory Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024 USA Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA carlij@rpi.edu University of Heidelberg Landesstemwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 65()011 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shangthai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the footprint and input catalog for bright nights in the LAMOST Pilot Survey, which began in October 2011. Targets are selected from two stripes in the north and south Galactic Cap regions, centered at δ = 29°, with 10° width in declination, covering right ascensions of 135° to 290° and -30° to 30° re- spectively. We selected spectroscopic targets from a combination of the SDSS and 2MASS point source catalogs. The catalog of stars defining the field centers （as re- quired by the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor at the center of the LAMOST field） consists of all V 〈 8m stars from the Hipparcos catalog. We employ a statistical selection algorithm that assigns priorities to targets based on their positions in mul- tidimensional color/magnitude space. This scheme overemphasizes rare objects and de-emphasizes more populated regions of magnitude and color phase space, while en- suring a smooth, well-understood selection function. A demonstration of plate design is presented based on the Shack-Hartmann star catalog and an input catalog that was generated by our target selection routines.

关键词： surveys: LAMOST -- techniques: spectroscopic -- Galaxy: stellar con-tent

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The LEGUE input catalog for dark night observing in the LAMOST pilot survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 781-791页

作者： Fan Yang Jeffrey L. Carlin Chao Liu Yue-Yang Zhang Shuang Gao Yan Xu Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Sebastien Lepine Jin-Liang Hou Xiao-Wei Liu Norbert Christlieb Hao-Tong Zhang hsu-tai lee Kai-Ke Pan Zhan-Wen Han Hong-Chi Wang Key Lab for Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China fyang@*** Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Applied Physics-and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024USA Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBe~iing 100871 China University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-14 I Taipei 106 China Apache Point Observatory EO. Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 2100-08 China

We outline the design of the dark nights portion of the LAMOST Pilot Survey, which began observations in 2011 October. In particular, we focus on Milky Way stellar candidates that are targeted for the LEGUE （LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration） survey. We discuss the regions of sky in which spectroscopic candidates were selected, and the motivations for selecting each of these sky areas. Some limitations due to the unique design of the telescope are discussed, including the requirement that a bright （V 〈 8） star be placed at the center of each plate for wavefront sensing and active optics corrections. The target selection categories and scientific goals motivating them are briefly discussed, followed by a detailed overview of how these selection functions were implemented. We illustrate the difference between the overall input catalog - Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS） photometry - and the final targets selected for LAMOST observations.

关键词： surveys: LAMOST -- Galaxy: halo -- techniques: spectroscopic

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On von Neumann Regularity of Commutators

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第2期31卷 181-198页

作者： Nam Kyun Kim tai Keun Kwak Yang lee Sung Ju Ryu Nanqing Ding School of Basic Sciences Hanbat National UniversityDaejeon 34158Korea Department of Data Science Daejin UniversityPocheon 11159Korea Department of Mathematics Yanbian UniversityYanjiJilin 133002China Institute for Applied Mathematics and Optics Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158Korea Department of Mathematics Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Korea 不详

We study the structure of rings which satisfy the von Neumann regularity of commutators,and call a ring R C-regularif ab-ba ∈(ab-ba)R(ab-ba)for all a,b in *** a C-regular ring R,we prove J(R[X])=N^(*)(R[X])=N^(*)(R)[X]=W(R)[X]■Z(R[X]),where J(A),N^(*)(A),W(A),Z(A)are the Jacobson radical,upper nilradical,Wedderburn radical,and center of a given ring A,respectively,and A[X]denotes the polynomial ring with a set X of commuting indeterminates over A;we also prove that R is semiprime if and only if the right(left)singular ideal of R is *** provide methods to construct C-regular rings which are neither commutative nor von Neumann regular,from any given ***,for a C-regular ring R,the following are proved to be equivalent:(i)R is Abelian;(ii)every prime factor ring of R is a duo domain;(ii)R is quasi-duo;and(iv)R/W(R)is reduced.

关键词： C-regular ring commutator regular ring commutative ring radical singular ideal

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The site conditions of the Guo Shou Jing Telescope

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 772-780页

作者： Song Yao Chao Liu Hao-Tong Zhang Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Yue-Yang Zhang Jing Li Nian Liu Xu Zhou Jeffrey L. Carlin Li Chen Norbert Christlieb Shuang Gao Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou hsu-tai lee Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan Hong-Chi Wang Yan Xu Fan Yang Key Lab of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA : School of Physics and Electronic Information China West Normal University Nanchong 637000 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landesstemwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica P.O. Box 23-141 Taipei i06 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The weather at the Xinglong Observing Station, where the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （GSJT） is located, is strongly affected by the monsoon climate in north- east China. The LAMOST survey strategy is constrained by these weather patterns. We present statistics on observing hours from 2004 to 2007, and the sky brightness, seeing, and sky transparency from 1995 to 2011 at the site. We investigate effects of the site conditions on the survey plan. Operable hours each month show a strong cor- relation with season： on average there are eight operable hours per night available in December, but only one-two hours in July and August. The seeing and the sky trans- parency also vary with season. Although the seeing is worse in windy winters, and the atmospheric extinction is worse in the spring and summer, the site is adequate for the proposed scientific program of the LAMOST survey. With a Monte Carlo simulation using historical data on the site condition, we find that the available observation hours constrain the survey footprint from 22h to 16h in right ascension; the sky brightness allows LAMOST to obtain a limiting magnitude of V = 19.5 mag with S/N= 10.

关键词： telescopes - site testing - surveys

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The LEGUE disk targets for LAMOST's pilot survey

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 805-812页

作者： Li Chen Jin-Liang Hou Jin-Cheng Yu Chao Liu Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Jeffrey L. Carlin Fan Yang Yue-Yang Zhang Shi-Yin Shen Hao-Tong Zhang Jian-Jun Chen Yu-Qin Chen Norbert Christlieb Zhan-Wen Han hsu-tai lee Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan Jian-Rong Shi Hong-Chi Wang Zi Zhu Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 Chinat Key Lab for Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica E O. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeiiing 100875 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the target selection algorithm for the low latitude disk por- tion of the LAMOST Pilot Survey, which aims to test systems in preparation for the LAMOST spectroscopic survey. We use the PPMXL astrometric catalog, which provides positions, proper motions, B/R/I magnitudes （mostly） from USNO-B and d/H/Ks from the Two Micron All Sky Survey （2MASS） as well. We chose eight plates along the Galactic plane, in the region 0° 〈 α° 〈 67° and 42° 〈 δ 〈 59°, which cover 22 known open clusters with a range of ages. Adjacent plates may have some small overlapping area. Each plate covers an area of 2.5° in radius, with its cen- tral star （for the Shack-Hartmann guider） brighter than 8th magnitude. For each plate, we create an input catalog in the magnitude range 11.3 〈 Imag 〈 16.3 and Bmag available from PPMXL. The stars are selected to satisfy the requirements of the fiber positioning system and have a uniform distribution in the I vs. B - I color-magnitude diagram. Our final input catalog consists of 12 000 objects on each of eight plates that are observable during the winter observing season from the Xinglong Station of the National Astronomical Observatory of China.

关键词： disk: Milky Way - stars: spectroscopy -- survey: pilot

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LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE)——The survey's science plan

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 735-754页

作者： Li-Cai Deng Heidi Jo Newberg Chao Liu Jeffrey L. Carlin Timothy C. Beers Li Chen hsu-tai lee Carl J. Grillmair Puragra Guhathakurta] Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou Sebastien Lepine Jing Li Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan J. A. Sellwood Bo Wang Hong-Chi Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Hao-Tong Zhang Yue-Yang Zhang Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu Key Lab for Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China licai@*** Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1108th Street Troy NY 12180 USA National Optical Astronomy Observatory Tucson AZ 85719 USA Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China University of Heidelberg Landessternwarte K6nigstuhl 12 D-69117 Heidelberg Germany Spitzer Science Center 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa Cruz 1156 HighStreet Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024USA School of Physics and Electronic Information China West Normal University Nanchong637000 China ' Department of Astronomy & Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University 136 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscataway NJ 08854-8019 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210008 China

We describe the current plans for a spectroscopic survey of millions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy using the Guo Shou Jing Telescope （GSJT, formerly calledthe Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope -- LAMOST）. The survey will obtain spectra for 2.5 million stars brighter than r 〈 19 during dark/grey time, and 5 million stars brighter than r 〈 17 or J 〈 16 on nights that are moonlit or have low transparency. The survey will begin in the fall of 2012, and will run for at least four years. The telescope＇s design constrains the optimal declination range for observations to 10~ 〈 di 〈 50~, and site conditions lead to an emphasis on stars in the direction of the Galactic anticenter. The survey is divided into three parts with different target selection strategies： disk, anticenter, and spheroid. The resulting dataset will be used to study the merger history of the Milky Way, the substructure and evolution of the disks, the nature of the first generation of stars through identification of the lowest metallicity stars, and star formation through study of open clusters and OB associations. Detailed design of the LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey will be completed in summer 2012, after a review of the results of the pilot survey.

关键词： techniques: spectroscopic -Galaxy: structure - Galaxy: evolution -Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics -- Galaxy: disk -- Galaxy: halo -- spectroscopy

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An algorithm for preferential selection of spectroscopic targets in LEGUE

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第7期12卷 755-771页

作者： Jeffrey L. Carlin Sebastien Lepine Heidi Jo Newberg Li-Cai Deng Timothy C. Beers Yu-Qin Chen Norbert Christlie Xiao-Ting Fu Shuang Gao Carl J. Grillmair PuragraGuhathakurta Zhan-Wen Han Jin-Liang Hou hsu-tai lee Jing Li Chao Liu Xiao-Wei Liu Kai-Ke Pan J. A. Sellwood Hong-Chi Wang Fan Yang Brian Yanny Yue-Yang Zhan Zheng Zheng Zi Zhu Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 110 8th Street Troy NY 12180 USA carlij@rpi.edu Department of Astrophysics American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79thStreet New York NY 10024 USA City University of New York 365 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10016 USA National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China National Optical Astronomy Observatory Tucson AZ 85719 USA Center for Astronomy University of Heidelberg Landesstemwarte Ktinigstuhl 12 D-69117Heidelberg Germany Spitzer Science Center 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA JCO/Lick Observatory Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz CA 95064 USA Yunnan Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanglai 200030 China Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica EO. Box 23-141 Taipei 106 China Department of Astronomy & Kavli institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100875 China Apache Point Observatory PO Box 59 Sunspot NM 88349 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers University 136 Frelinghuysen RoadPiscataway NJ 08854-8019 USA Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory EO. Box 500 Batavia IL 60510 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Department of Astronomy Nanjing University Nanjing 210011 China

We describe a general target selection algorithm that is applicable to any survey in which the number of available candidates is much larger than the number of objects to be observed. This routine aims to achieve a balance between a smoothly- varying, well-understood selection function and the desire to preferentially select cer- tain types of targets. Some target-selection examples are shown that illustrate differentpossibilities of emphasis functions. Although it is generally applicable, the algorithm was developed specifically for the LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration （LEGUE） survey that will be carried out using the Chinese Guo Shou Jing Telescope. In particular, this algorithm was designed for the portion of LEGUE targeting the Galactic halo, in which we attempt to balance a variety of science goals that require stars at fainter magnitudes than can be completely sampled by LAMOST. This algorithm has been implemented for the halo portion of the LAMOST pilot sur- vey, which began in October 2011.

关键词： surveys: LAMOST -- Galaxy: halo -- techniques: spectroscopic

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A Review on Soft Ionic Touch Point Sensors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： Gibeom lee Donghyun lee Gwang-Bum Im Younghoon lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon University1342 SeongnamdaeroSujeong-guSeongnam 13120South Korea Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts 02115USA

A touch sensor is an essential component in meeting the growing demand for human-machine *** sensors have been developed in wearable,attachable,and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from *** be applied to the human body,sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict the natural movement of the *** materials are a promising candidate for soft touch sensors due to their outstanding properties,which include high stretchability,transparency,ionic conductivity,and ***,this review discusses the unique features of soft ionic touch point sensors,focusing on the ionic material and its key role in the *** touch sensing mechanisms include piezocapacitive,piezoresistive,surface capacitive,piezoelectric,and triboelectric and triboresistive *** review analyzes the implementation hurdles and future research directions of the soft ionic touch sensors for their transformative potential.

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch sensors

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Enhancing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psychological Counseling System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun lee Hanna lee Seong Chan lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client ***,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the *** study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face *** proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their ***,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse *** system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse *** performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone ***,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point *** indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling ***,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological *** proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

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Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.lee S.CHANG J.lee Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

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