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Significant Improvement in Tuberculosis Diagnosis by Detection of the Wall Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Central African Republic (CAR)

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 71-82页

作者： Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde honorat nouzoukem Marcel Mbeko Simaleko Nina Esther Ngoyi Ontsira Hermione Dahlia Mossoro-Kpinde Irenee Galendji Henri Diemer Gérard Grésenguet University Hospital Center Mother Elisabeth Domitien Bimbo Central African Republic National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui Central African Republic Department of Biomedical Sciences Health Sciences Faculty Bangui Central African Republic Public Health Department Health Sciences Faculty Bangui Central African Republic Bacteriology and Virology Laboratory University Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Regional University Hospital of Bria Bria Central African Republic

Background and Objective: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of morbi-mortality, especially in developing countries, due to delayed diagnosis and management. The goal of this study is to assess the contribution of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in improving tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in the Central African Republic (C.A.R.). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at the Regional University Hospital of Bria. The records of patients hospitalized, tested by Determine® TB LAM Ag (Alere, Medical Co, LTD, Chiba, Japan) immunochromatographic test for the detection of LAM in urine, associated or not with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) research by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, were selected from August to October 2020. Results: During this study, 152 files were selected. Among them, there were 50.0% of children aged 14 or less (≤14 years: 33.6% + 16.4%) and 50.0% of adults represented. Patients living in the displaced person camp represented a larger group (65.1%) than those in the other 2 sites. There were seventy-four patients (i.e. 48.7%) who did not benefit from screening for AFB. For the other seventy-eight (i.e. 51.3%), there were 17.1% positive results for the search of AFB. However, among the 152 patients, there was a positive HIV serology in 30.9% of cases (i.e. 47 out of 152) and a positive Determine® TB LAM Ag in 38.2% of cases (i.e. 58 out of 152). It appears that Determine® TB LAM Ag was significantly more able to diagnose tuberculosis than AFB (p 0.003). The 58 patients diagnosed with TB LAM included 20 children who could not provide sputum and HIV-infected patients (p 0.03). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the microscopy for AFB made it possible to make the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 17.1% of patients against 38.2% for the Alere Determine® TB LAM Ag test. This result highlights the need for routine use of LAM detection to improve the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The conduct of a subsequent stu

关键词： Tuberculosis Diagnosis TB-LAM Acid-Fast Bacilli Microscopy HIV/AIDS Central African Republic

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Evolution of the Etiologies of Purulent Meningitis in Children over a Period of 24 Months in Conflict-Affected Rural Areas of the Central African Republic after the Introduction of 2 New Vaccines in the Expanded Vaccination Program

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第3期13卷 183-194页

作者： Rostand Kombaya Marie Colette Nganda Bangue Irenee Galendji honorat nouzoukem Edgar Tchoumateu Brice Olivier Bogning Mejiozem Freddy Samuel Ngbonga Konzapa Voulou Henri Saint Clavaire Diemer Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpindé Pediatric University Hospital Complex Bangui Central African Republic (CAR) Régional University Hospital of Bria Bria Central African Republic (CAR) Régional University Hospital of Bossangoa Bossangoa Central African Republic (CAR) Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic (CAR) National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic (CAR)

Background and Objective: Purulent meningitis is a therapeutic emergency and remains a real public health problem in the world, particularly in limited resources countries. The study aimed to describe the epidemiological clinical, etiological and scalable features of purulent meningitis in children in Bria. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 (24 months). It included all suspected cases of purulent meningitis in children aged 0 to 15 years, confirmed by agglutination with Pastorex meningitis. A standard sheet was used to collect the data which was entered and analyzed on Epi Info 7 software. Results: A total of 37 cases of purulent meningitis were confirmed among 90 suspected cases. The female gender predominated (59.5%), with a sex ratio of 0.7. The age group from 0 to 11 months was majority (48.6%). Nearly 2 thirds of children were not vaccinated (64.8%). The most frequent functional signs were fever (83.8%), and convulsion (51.4%). The etiologies were Streptococcus (51.4%), Neisseria meningitidis (35.1%) and Haemophilus influenzae (13.5%). Therapeutic success under 3rd generation cephalosporin treatment was obtained in 86.5% including 8.1% with sequelae;13.5% of death was observed. Streptococcus was the most lethal bacterium at 21.1%. Conclusion: The results of these studies show that pediatric purulent meningitis is still common despite the availability of free vaccination. They require early therapeutic management to limit the occurrence of sequelae and death. Hence, it is important to strengthen prevention strategies.

关键词： Purulent Meningitis Children Epidemiology Etiologies Bria Central African Republic

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Polychronous automata and their use for formal validation of AADL models

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2019年第4期13卷 677-697页

作者： Thierry GAUTIER Clement GUY Alexandre honorat Paul LE GUERNIC Jean-Pierre TALPIN Loic BESNARD Univ. Rennes Inria Rennes-Bretagne-Atlantique Research Centre F-35000 Rennes France Univ. Rennes CNRS IRISA F-35000 Rennes France

This paper investigates how state diagrams can be best represented in the polychronous model of computation (MoC) and proposes to use this model for code validation of behavior specifications in architecture analysis & design language (AADL). In this relational MoC, the basic objects are signals, which are related through dataflow equations. Signals are associated with logical clocks, which provide the capability to describe systems in which components obey multiple clock rates. We propose a model of finite-state automata, called polychronous automata, which is based on clock relationships. A specificity of this model is that an automaton is submitted to clock constraints, which allows one to specify a wide range of control-related configurations, being either reactive or restrictive with respect to their control environment. A semantic model is defined for these polychronous automata, which relies on boolean algebra of clocks. Based on a previously defined modeling method for AADL software architectures using the polychronous MoC, the proposed model is used as a formal model for the AADL behavior annex. This is illustrated with a case study involving an adaptive cruise control system.

关键词： architecture modeling formal semantics finitestate automaton polychronous model synchronous concurrency code generation AADL

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Schistosomiasis control in Senegal:results from community data analysis for optimizing preventive chemotherapy intervention with praziquantel

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 101-102页

作者： Boubacar Diop Khadime Sylla NDèye MBackéKane Oumou Kaltoum Boh Babacar Guèye Mady Ba Idrissa Talla Malang Mané Rose Monteil Boniface Kinvi honorat Gustave Marie Zoure Jorge Cano Ortega Pauline Mwinzi Moussa Sacko Babacar Faye Programme National de Lutte Contre les Bilharzioses et les Géo-Helminthiases Direction de la Lutte Contre la Maladie (DLM) Ministère de la Santé et de l’Action Sociale (MSAS) Dakar Senegal Department of Parasitology and Mycology Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Odontology Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) Dakar Senegal WHO Country Office Dakar Senegal Département de Santé Publique Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université Amadou Hampathé Ba Dakar Senegal FHI 360 Chargé des Enquêtes et Evaluation des Maladies et des Campagnes de DMM Dakar Senegal Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN) WHO Africa Regional Office Brazzaville Congo Service de Parasitologie Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) Bamako Mali

Background Over the past two decades,preventive chemotherapy(PC)with praziquantel(PZQ)is the major strategy for controlling schistosomiasis in *** objective of this analysis was to update the endemicity of schistosomiasis at community level for better targeting mass treatment with PZQ in *** Demographic and epidemiological data from 1610 community health areas were analyzed using the schistosomiasis community data analysis tool of Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases which developed by World Health Organization/Africa Ofce(WHO/AFRO).The tool uses a WHO/AFRO decision tree for areas without epidemiological data to determine whether mass treatment should be continued at community *** analysis was *** Overall,the endemicity of 1610 community health areas were updated based on the data from the district endemicity(33.5%)and the form of Join request for selected PC medicine(40.5%).Up to 282(17.5%)and 398(24.7%)of community health areas were classifed as moderate and high endemicity.41.1%of communities were non *** endemicity was more important in Tambacounda,Saint Louis,Matam,Louga and Kedougou.A change in endemicity category was observed when data was disagregted from district level to community *** units classifed non endemic were more important at community level(n=666)compared to district level(n=324).Among 540 areas previously classifed high endemic at district level,392(72.6%)remained high prevalence category,while 92(17.0%)became moderate,43(8.0%)low and 13(2.4%)non-endemics at community *** of implementation units requiring PC was more important at district level(1286)compared to community level(944).Number of school aged children requiring treatment was also more important at district level compared to community *** The analysis to disaggregate data from district level to community level using the WHO/AFRO schistosomiasis sub-distric

关键词： Schistosomiasis Community data analysis Endemicity Praziquantel Senegal

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利用巨大芽孢杆菌酶系合成L-丙氨酸和L-缬氨酸

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氨基酸杂志 1991年第2期13卷 50-56页

作者： A.honorat 刘序章

本文研究了利用巨大芽孢杆菌ATCC_(39118)酶系合成氨基酸,同时也研究了丙氨酸脱氢酶、缬氨酸脱氢酶及葡萄糖脱氢酶的提纯工艺。所获得的AlaDH、ValDHc和GlcDH的比活性分别为11.2u/mg,7.8u/mg和23.0u/mg。为了进一步探讨由α-酮酸酶法转... 详细信息

本文研究了利用巨大芽孢杆菌ATCC_(39118)酶系合成氨基酸,同时也研究了丙氨酸脱氢酶、缬氨酸脱氢酶及葡萄糖脱氢酶的提纯工艺。所获得的AlaDH、ValDHc和GlcDH的比活性分别为11.2u/mg,7.8u/mg和23.0u/mg。为了进一步探讨由α-酮酸酶法转化成氨基酸的最适条件,我们对以上三种酶的主要性质,包括稳定性,最适pH、动力学常数、底物专一性及底物和产物对酶的抑制作用等进行了测定。同时用粗酶提取液和纯酶进行了由丙酮酸合成L-丙氨酸,由α-酮异戍酸合成L-缬氨酸的批量实验,在转化中葡萄糖脱氢酶作为NADH的再生酶。结果粗酶提取液催化L-丙氨酸产量的克分子转化率为80％,而纯酶催化的克分子转化率增加到92％。L-缬氨酸产量的克分子转化率也类似(93％)。

关键词： L-丙氨酸 L-缬氨酸芽孢杆菌酶系

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Contribution of the Urine Dipstick to Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis among Children in Two Hospitals in Cotonou-Benin

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第4期7卷 272-281页

作者： Godonou Gratien Sagbo Fredias Sogbo honorat Francis Lalya Joseph Agossou Yevedo Tohodjèdé Florence Alihonou Gilles Bognon Diane Ahinonhossou Afolabi Dissou Blaise Ayivi Pediatric Unit of the Hubert Koutoukou Maga University Teaching Hospital (CNHU-HKM) Cotonou Benin Bacteriology Unit of CNHU-HKM Cotonou Benin Mother & Child Department Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Hospital of Porto-Novo Porto-Novo Benin

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are a daily concern in pediatric nephrology with long-term risks for high blood pressure and renal failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of a urine dipstick (UD) to the diagnosis of urinary infections among children at the CNHU-HKM and the Lagoon Mother and Child University Teaching Hospital (CHU-MEL) of Cotonou. Patients and Methods: This study is a cohort, descriptive and analytical study focused on children with suspected urinary infections in the pediatric units of the CNHU-HKM and CHU-MEL of Cotonou from March 25 to August 25, 2015. Results: Two hundred and four children out of a total of 5125 admitted children (4%) presented with at least one clinical sign of a urinary tract infection. Children under 36 months of age were predominant (41%). The main clinical signs of urinary infections were fever (60.8%) and urinary disorders (38.2%). The urinary dipstick test was positive in 145 children (71.2%). A urinary tract infection was confirmed by urine culture in 38 children (18.6%). In cases with leucocyturia- and nitrituria-positive urine dipstick tests, the sensitivity was estimated to be 13.2%, and the specificity was 95.2%, with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.8%. Only when the leucocyturia test was positive, the sensitivity was 76.3%, and the specificity was 31.9%. When the leucocyturia test was negative, the specificity was estimated to be 94%, and the sensitivity was 83% in the nitrituria-positive cases and 15.8% in the nitrituria-negative cases. The main isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (n = 21) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 14). Conclusion: In our environment, a negative leucocyturia test may help exclude urinary tract infections in most cases.

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Urinary Dipstick Test Urine Culture

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Progression of Frequency and Lethality of Severe Malaria from 2017 to 2020 in the Pediatric Unit of CHUD-Parakou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第4期11卷 551-558页

作者： honorat Francis Lalya Alphonse Noudamadjo Falilatou Agbeille-Mohamed Mèdétinmè Gérard Kpanidja Zinsou Rodrigue Ahodègnon Julien Didier Adédémy Joseph Agossou Mother and Child Department Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Godomey Benin Mother and Child Department Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Background: The latest WHO report shows a decline in the performances achieved concerning the fight against malaria since 2017. This research work aimed to investigate the progression of frequency and lethality due to severe malaria from 2017 to 2020 in the pediatric unit of the Borgou University Teaching Hospital in Parakou (CHUD-Parakou). Patients and Methods: This research work is a descriptive and analytical case-control study focused on all the children aged 1 month and more, hospitalized in the pediatric unit of CHUD-Parakou from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. Recruitment criteria were the following: be admitted to hospital during the period specified above;have a usable medical record containing the diagnosis and type of discharge, and the findings of thick smear examination and/or of a rapid diagnostic test. Sampling was complete and takes into account all the medical records of children meeting the inclusion criteria. Epi Info 7.2.2 was the software used to perform data processing. Results: The frequencies of severe malaria in the unit were estimated at 19.89%, 22.65%, 29.65% and 27.51% respectively in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Lethality rates varied from 7.76% to 8.68 from 2017 through 2020. The death risk associated with severe malaria was 3.08 times higher in children suffering from severe acute u

关键词： Severe Malaria Children Frequency Lethality Benin

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Epidemiological Particularities and Indications of the Mutilating Surgery of the Eyeball in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2018年第2期8卷 91-96页

作者： Sowagnon Thierry Yves Constant Bilé Philippe Emile France Koffi Irie Bi Gohi Serge Koman Chatsé Ellalie Diomandé Gossé Francois Kra Alla N’goran Simé on Konan Manmi Sienou Marguerite Pascaline Dé tchi honorat Koné Safé dé Kouassi Francois Xavier Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital Center of Yopougon Yopougon Ivory Coast Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital Center of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast Anesthesia and Resuscitation Department of the University Hospital Center of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital Center of Cocody Cocody Ivory Coast

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile and indications of mutilating eyeball surgery in Abidjan. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study on the files of eviscerated, enucleated or exentered patients in the Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital of Yopougon from January 2010 to December 2016. The parameters studied were: socio-demographic characteristics, indications of mutilating surgery, anesthetic technique, operative technique and patient evolution. Results: During the study period, 59 patients underwent surgery for mutilating eye surgery out of a total of 11,114 procedures, a frequency of 0.53%. The average age of the patients was 31 years with extremes of 3 years and 67 years. Men predominated in 62.1% of cases with a sex ratio of 1.64. Patients came from rural areas in 68.5% of cases. The main indications of the mutilating surgery were: post-inflammatory phthisis (58.6%) and tumoral affections (29.31%). Evisceration was the most common operative technique (67.2%). In 68% of cases the interventions were performed under peribulbar anesthesia. Patients with evisceration (67.2%) and enucleation (5.1%) all benefited from prosthetic equipment. Conclusion: The mutilating surgery of the eyeball is responsible for serious psychological and sociological impacts. The seriousness of these repercussions requires primary prevention through early and adequate management of eye conditions.

关键词： Mutilating Surgery Anesthesia Evisceration Enucleation Exenteration

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Serotypes of Bacteria Encountered in Childhood Purulent Meningitis in Children in Parakou (Benin) in 2011

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期6卷 109-119页

作者： Joseph Agossou Julien Didier Adédémy Alphonse Noudamadjo Mahougnon Rachelle Mariette Houessou Pierre Tsawlassou Rolande Assogba Godonou Gracien Sagbo honorat Francis Lalya Maroufou Jules Alao Honoré Bankolé F. Hounsou Rock Aristide Sossou José Biey Martin Antonio Claire Oluwalana Jarju Sheikh Sikiratou Adéothy-Koumakpaï Ayélèrou Simon Akpona Blaise Ayivi Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital Parakou Benin Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Ministry of Health of Benin Cotonou Benin WHO/Benin Cotonou Benin Medical Research Council Laboratories Banjul Gambia Department of Fundamental Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry Teaching & Research Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Introduction: In the North-Benin, there are three agents causing pediatric purulent meningitis outside the neonatal period. These are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The aim of this research work was to investigate bacteria serotypes that caused childhood purulent meningitis in the pediatric unit of the Borgou à Regional University Teaching Hospital (CHUD-Borgou) located in Parakou (North-Benin). Patients and Methods: Through a prospective and descriptive study centered on children aged 0 to 5 years old suspected of meningitis and hospitalized, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of those children were analyzed at the WHO reference laboratory in Banjul for serotyping by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Results: Among the 1396 children hospitalized during that period, 366 were suspected of meningitis and had benefitted from lumbar puncture. Among those 366 suspected cases, 51 cases of purulent meningitis were confirmed after CSF cytobacteriological and biochemical test at the CHUD-Borgou laboratory. Among 51 CSF samples in which purulent meningitis was confirmed, 44 were sent to Banjul. In addition, 310 CSF samples from non-confirmed cases of meningitis were also sent to Banjul. In the whole set of samples sent for real time PCR, 151 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae (42.7%) were found, 5 cases of Neisseria meningitidis (1.4%) and 1 case of Haemophilus influenzae (0.3%) were also encountered. As regards Streptococcus pneumonia, the serotypes encountered were: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7F, 8, 9V, 9V/9A, 9N/9L, 14, 18C, 19A, 23F, 33F as well as non typed and non typable serotypes. As for Neisseria meningitidis, only serogroup A was found in it. For Haemophilus influenzae, only serotype b was identified. Conclusion: Four non vaccine serotypes (8, 9V/9A, 9N/9L and 33F), non typed and non typable serotypes which are not covered by 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV 13) were identified. This highlights the ne

关键词： Purulent Meningitis Children Bacteria Serotypes Benin

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