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Intensive Radiosonde Measurements of Summertime Convection over the Inner Mongolia Grassland in 2014:Difference between Shallow Cumulus and Other Conditions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第6期34卷 783-790页

作者： hongrong SHI Hongbin chen Xiang'ao XIA Xuehua FAN Jinqiang ZHANG Jun LI Chao LING Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

Using radiosonde measurements from 26 July to 30 July 2014 at Baiqi over the Inner Mongolia grassland of China, the vertical structure of shallow cumulus （SCu） clouds and associated environmental conditions were investigated. The cloud base height and the cloud top height of SCu was 3.4 km and 5 km, respectively. The temperature of the SCu layer was less than 0℃. The horizontal advection of specific humidity was smaller than the vertical transport in the atmosphere below 5 km. Above 5 km, the thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere remained stable. At the interface of the cloud layer and free air atmosphere, there was obvious wind shear and a temperature inversion （-2.9~C）. Comparisons of environmental parameters associated with cumulus congestus, rain and clear days, showed that the formation of SCu was characterized by a higher Bowen ratio （high sensible heat flux and low latent heat flux）, which indicated intensive turbulence in the boundary layer. The formation of SCu was associated with the boundary layer height exceeding the lifting condensation level. The maintenance of SCu was likely associated with the lower convective available potential energy, weak wind shear, and weak subsidence of the synoptic system, which did not favor the dramatic vertical development of SCu and thereby the transformation of SCu to cumulus congestus.

关键词： shallow cumulus sounding measurement environmental parameter Inner Mongolia grassland

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Fengyun-4 Geostationary Satellite-Based Solar Energy Nowcasting System and Its Application in North China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第8期39卷 1316-1328页

作者： Chunlin HUANG hongrong SHI Ling GAO Mengqi LIU Qixiang chen Disong FU Shu WANG Yuan YUAN Xiang′ao XIA Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100192China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Renewable Energy&Storage Systems China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI)Beijing 100192China Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Surface solar irradiance(SSI)nowcasting(0-3 h)is an effective way to overcome the intermittency of solar energy and to ensure the safe operation of grid-connected solar power *** this study,an SSI estimate and nowcasting system was established using the near-infrared channel of Fengyun-4A(FY-4A)geostationary *** system is composed of two key components:The first is a hybrid SSI estimation method combining a physical clear-sky model and an empirical cloudy-sky *** second component is the SSI nowcasting model,the core of which is the derivation of the cloud motion vector(CMV)using the block-matching *** goal of simultaneous estimation and nowcasting of global horizontal irradiance(GHI)and direct normal irradiance(DNI)is *** system was evaluated under different sky conditions using SSI measurements at Xianghe,a radiation station in the North China *** results show that the accuracy of GHI estimation is higher than that of DNI estimation,with a normalized root-mean-square error(nRMSE)of 22.4%relative to 45.4%.The nRMSE of forecasting GHI and DNI at 30-180 min ahead varied within 25.1%-30.8%and 48.1%-53.4%,*** discrepancy of SSI estimation depends on cloud occurrence frequency and shows a seasonal pattern,being lower in spring-summer and higher in *** FY-4A has great potential in supporting SSI nowcasting,which promotes the development of photovoltaic energy and the reduction of carbon emissions in *** system can be improved further if calibration of the empirical method is improved.

关键词： Fengyun-4A surface solar irradiance estimates and forecasting cloud motion block-matching

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Structural changes of a bacteriophage upon DNA packaging and maturation

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Protein & Cell 2020年第5期11卷 374-379页

作者： Wenyuan chen Hao Xiao Xurong Wang Shuanglin Song Zhen Han Xiaowu Li Fan Yang Li Wang Jingdong Song hongrong Liu Lingpeng cheng Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum ControlSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052China Technology Center for Protein Sciences School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Dear Editor,Tailed,double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)bacteriophages,which belong to the order of Caudovirales,have a tail attached to a pentameric vertex of the icosahedral capsid shell(head)through a 12-fold portal(Johnson and Chiu,2007).The phages package genomic dsDNA into a round procapsid using the portal in complex with an ATP-dependent terminase complex as the *** packaging,the procapsid shell expands to a more angular intermediate to match the size of the viral genome(Guo et al.,2014).When the phage head is full,the portal detects internal pressure and conveys a signal from the inner capsid to the exterior,which triggers a sequence of events-the terminase complex cleaving mature DNA genome from a multi-genome concatemer,the release of the terminase complex from the portal,and the attachment of the tail complex-in the completion of phage assembly(Lander et al.,2006;Johnson and Chiu,2007).At the beginning of phage infection,the tail is responsible for receptor recognition,and the portal and tail act as a tunnel for DNA delivery into the host cytoplasm(Johnson and Chiu,2007).These mechanisms of DNA packaging and ejection may also be conserved in many other DNA viruses,including herpesvirus(Wang et al.,2020;Yang et al.,2020).

关键词： attached packaging maturation

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Structures of the portal vertex reveal essential protein-protein interactions for Herpesvirus assembly and maturation

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Protein & Cell 2020年第5期11卷 366-373页

作者： Nan Wang Wenyuan chen Ling Zhu Dongjie Zhu Rui Feng Jialing Wang Bin Zhu Xinzheng Zhang Xiaoqing chen Xianjie Liu Runbin Yan Dongyao Ni Grace Guoying Zhou hongrong Liu Zihe Rao Xiangxi Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity National Laboratory of MacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum ControlSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Laboratory of Structural Biology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Nankai UniversityTianjin 300353China ImmVira Co. LtdSilver Star Hi-tech Industrial ParkLonghua DistrictShenzhen 518116China

Dear Editor,Herpesviridae is a large family of double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)viruses that cause a variety of human diseases ranging from cold sores and chicken pox to congenital defects,blindness and cancer(Chayavichitsilp et al.,2009;Wang et al.,2018).In the past 70 years,substantial advances in our knowledge of the molecular biology of herpesviruses have led to insights into disease pathogenesis and ***,the mechanism for capsid assembly that requires the ordered packing of about 4,000 protein subunits into the hexons,pentons and triplexes remains *** is still a puzzle how initially identical subunits adopt both hexameric and pentameric conformations in the capsid and select the correct locations needed to form closed shells of the proper *** and genetic studies have shown that the portal is involved in initiation of capsid assembly(Newcomb et al.,2005)and functions akin to a DNA-sensor coupling genome-packaging achieved by a genome-packaging machinery-“terminase complex”(chen et al.,2020;Yunxiang Yang,2020)with icosahedral capsid maturation(Lokareddy et al.,2017).Structural investigations of the herpesvirus portal have proven challenging due to the small size of this dodecamer,which accounts for less than 1%of the total mass of the capsid protein layer and the technical difficulties involved in resolving non-icosahedral components of such large icosahedral viruses(diameter is∼1,250Å).Efforts of many investigators over two decades have made to reconstruct the cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM)structure of herpesvirus portal vertex and more recently near-atomic structures of two herpesvirus(herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV))portal vertices were reported(McElwee et al.,2018;Gong et al.,2019;Liu et al.,2019).

关键词： vertex shells packing

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Structural and functional analysis of a potent human neutralizing antibody against enterovirus A71

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2517-2526页

作者： Zhe chen Linlin Bao Bin Zhu Hua Fu Shuangli Zhu Tianjiao Ji Ying Xue Chuan Liu Xurong Wang Fengdi Li Qi Lv Feifei Qi Pin Yu Wei Deng Wenbo Xu Chuan Qin hongrong Liu Qi Jin MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China School of Computer Science and Engineering Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDCBeijing 102206China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum ControlSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Hangzhou 310058China

Enterovirus A71(EV-A71) causes major outbreaks of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD) in many countries,most frequently affecting children,and a small proportion of cases may lead to ***,no vaccine is available in most endemic regions,and no licenced treatments for EV-A71 infection are ***,we characterize a human monoclonal antibody(Hu MAb),E1,by screening a Fab antibody phage library derived from patients who recovered from EV-A71 infection.E1 exhibits strong neutralizing activity against EV-A71 virus in *** cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM) structures of the EV-A71 virion in complex with E1 Fab fragments demonstrated that E1 recognized an epitope formed by residues in the BC and HI loops of *** a mouse model,E1 effectively protected against lethal EV-A71 challenge in both prophylactic and therapeutic *** particular,E1 significantly reduces virus titers and muscle damage.E1 might represent a potential adjunct to EV-A71 treatment.

关键词： enterovirus A71 antibody mouse models cryo-electron microscopy

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Vibration assisted Excitation Energy Transfer

Vibration assisted Excitation Energy Transfer

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第十六届全国量子光学学术报告会

作者： chen Hao Wang Xin Li hongrong Gao Hong MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Department of Applied PhysicsXi’an Jiaotong University

＜正＞In the general model of excitation energy transfer（EET）of photosynthesis system of plant,energy transfer occurs between B800 bacteriochlorophyll（BChl）ring and B850 Bchl ring of light-harvesting complexesⅡ（LH2）,or between the B850 Bchl ring of LH2 and B875 Bchl ring of light-harvesting complexesⅠ（LH1）,is modeled as energy transfer between two detuned two-level *** possible explanation of high transfer efficiency of EET with such large detuning may be the assistance of *** this

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Insights into varicella-zoster virus assembly from the B-and C-capsid at near-atomic resolution structures

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hLife 2024年第2期2卷 64-74页

作者： Lei Cao Nan Wang Zhe Lv Wenyuan chen Zhonghao chen Lifei Song Xueyan Sha Guiqiang Wang Yaling Hu Xiaojun Lian Guoliang Cui Jinyan Fan Yaru Quan hongrong Liu Hai Hou Xiangxi Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity National Laboratory of MacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum ControlSchool of Physics and ElectronicsHunan Normal UniversityHunanChina Institute of Medical Research Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityShanxiChina Sinovac(Dalian)Vaccine Technology Co. Ltd.LiaoningChina Sinovac Biotech Ltd. BeijingChina National Institutes for Food and Drug Control BeijingChina

Varicella-zoster is a highly communicable virus that can be transmitted through the airborne *** one quarter of people are infected with this *** studies have described the structure of A-capsid and a blurred reconstruction of the C-capsid with icosahedral *** this study,we have determined the more precise detailed structures of the varicella-zoster virus(VZV)B-and C-capsid in icosahedral symmetry using a combination of block-based reconstruction and symmetry relaxation *** addition,we are reporting structural details of the portal vertex reconstructions in five-fold symmetry and portal reconstructions in twelve-fold *** structures unveil the basis for the high thermal stability of the VZV *** conformational flexibility of structural elements of the capsid plays a role in the assembly of the capsid and drives processes critical for the viral life *** results of the study open up new avenues for the development of drugs against a highly prevalent and contagious pathogen.

关键词： varicella-zoster virus capsid structure virus assembly

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非均匀零色散波长光纤中的四波混频效率

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光子学报 2000年第8期29卷 712-717页

作者：林洪榕徐剑陈如全南京邮电学院通信工程系 210003

本文讨论了光纤零色散波长的离散对光纤中四波混频效率的影响 ,导出了多段均匀零色散波长光纤输出的四波混频光波强度的表达式 ,进而对该式进行了推广 ,导出了一般情况下的表达式 .最后我们对几种具体情形进行了计算 .计算结果表明当光... 详细信息

本文讨论了光纤零色散波长的离散对光纤中四波混频效率的影响 ,导出了多段均匀零色散波长光纤输出的四波混频光波强度的表达式 ,进而对该式进行了推广 ,导出了一般情况下的表达式 .最后我们对几种具体情形进行了计算 .计算结果表明当光纤的零色散波长存在漂移时 ,光纤中四波混频效率显著降低 .而且光纤零色散波长漂移的幅度和分布规律以及泵浦光波长的选取对光纤四波混频效率也有重要影响 .

关键词：光纤零色散波长四波混频光相位共轭

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自反馈增强的高消光比45°倾斜光纤光栅刻写方法

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光学学报 2024年第13期44卷 80-87页

作者：陈琳郑红蓉姜碧强赵建林西北工业大学物理科学与技术学院光场调控与信息感知工业和信息化部重点实验室陕西省光信息技术重点实验室陕西西安710129

作为偏振相关器件,偏振消光比(PER)是评估45°倾斜光纤光栅(45°TFG)性能的核心指标。为提升45°TFG的PER,分析了光栅刻写过程中入射紫外光偏振态及多次刻写位置重复性对刻写效果的影响,将偏振控制元件及高精度压电位移台融入光栅刻写系... 详细信息

作为偏振相关器件,偏振消光比(PER)是评估45°倾斜光纤光栅(45°TFG)性能的核心指标。为提升45°TFG的PER,分析了光栅刻写过程中入射紫外光偏振态及多次刻写位置重复性对刻写效果的影响,将偏振控制元件及高精度压电位移台融入光栅刻写系统,利用实时监测的PER数据,动态反馈控制光栅掩模版位置,通过多程重复刻写提高光栅折射率的调制度。刻写而成的45°TFG的中心波长为830 nm,长度仅为30 mm,PER优于35 dB,插入损耗低于2 dB,3 dB谱宽优于60 nm,可满足光纤陀螺等光纤传感器的应用需求。所提出的基于掩模版位置自反馈的45°TFG多程刻写增强方法,自适应地降低了刻写系统对稳定度的要求,为高消光比45°TFG的高重复性量产提供了解决方案。

关键词：光纤光学 45°倾斜光纤光栅消光比自反馈相干衬比度

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大白菜不同层次营养价值和健康风险评价

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食品科学 2022年第3期43卷 114-120页

作者：胡子逸黄红荣陈新平刘敦一西南大学资源环境学院重庆市土肥资源高效利用重点实验室重庆400715

为评价大白菜不同层次营养价值及其健康风险,本研究将白菜叶片按总叶片数均等分成外、中、内3个部分,通过测定大白菜3个层次的形态指标、矿物质含量、抗氧化性能和重金属含量,采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和营养... 详细信息

为评价大白菜不同层次营养价值及其健康风险,本研究将白菜叶片按总叶片数均等分成外、中、内3个部分,通过测定大白菜3个层次的形态指标、矿物质含量、抗氧化性能和重金属含量,采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和营养质量指数(index of nutrition quality,INQ)综合评价了大白菜不同层次的营养价值,采用健康风险指数(health risk index,HRI)和目标危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)法综合评价了大白菜不同层次的人体健康风险。结果表明,大白菜外层的形态指标、矿物质含量和抗氧化性能综合表现较好,且大白菜外层叶具有较高的营养价值。针对成人和儿童两种人群食用大白菜不同层次部位的风险评价表明,除Hg外的其他重金属元素(Cr、Cd、Mn、Zn、Cu)没有明显的健康风险,食用大白菜外层的健康风险较内层更高,原因可能是外层的直接暴露;儿童对食用大白菜造成的重金属健康风险较成人更为敏感。

关键词：大白菜不同层次矿物质抗氧化性综合评价

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