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Tests and analysis of mechanical behaviours of rock bolt componentsfor China＇s coal mine roadways

岩石力学与工程学报 2015年第1期34卷 14-26页

作者： hongpu kang Coal Mining and Designing Branch China Coal Research Institute Beijing 100013 China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization China Coal Research Institute Beijing 100013 China

A series of laboratory tests were performed to study the mechanical behaviours of newly developed high strength rock bolt components, including rebar, thread, plate, and domed washer. The characteristics of deformation and damage of each component were presented. The stress distribution of plate and domed washer was investigated through fi nite element modelling. The numerical results show that the yield and tensile strengths of the developed high strength rebar are 33.6%e58.3% and 17.2%e28.7% greater than those of the conventional rebar, respectively. The increase in yield strength was higher than that in tensile strength, suggesting an increase in yield to tensile strength ratio and a decrease in elongation. It is well-known that the thread processing may not be of high precision and accuracy as expected, which is characterised as rough thread surface, non-identical tooth height, toe stripping, and cracks in the *** during thread processing tends to increase the thread yield and tensile strengths. In this paper, the typical deformation process of arch-shaped plate is classi fi ed into fi ve stages. The tested plates exhibited distinct deformation characteristics and bearing capacities due to variations in shape, size,material and presence of washer. It was observed that uneven bottom surface, low bearing arch and large radius of the transitional arc connecting bearing arch and bottom surface were the major reasons accounting for low load-bearing capacity of plates. The performance of domed washer has a close relation with the shape, size, strength, and deformation compatibility with plate. Stress concentration was observed on the periphery of the contact surface between domed washer and plate, which is signi fi cantly in fl uenced by the strength of domed washer and is considered to be 20%e30% higher than that of ***, a case study in the Datong coal mining district was presented, and the support pattern and effect of the developed rock bolt

关键词： Mining engineering Rock boltRebar Thread Plate Deformation Damage

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Support technologies for deep and complex roadways in underground coal mines:a review

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2014年第3期1卷 261-277页

作者： hongpu kang Coal Mining and Designing Branch China Coal Research InstituteBeijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization China Coal Research InstituteBeijing 100013China

Based on geological and mining characteristics,coal mine roadways under complex conditions were divided into five types,for each type the deformation and damage characteristics of rocks surrounding roadways were *** recent developments of roadway support technologies were introduced abroad,based on the experiences of supports for deep and complex roadways from Germany,the United States and *** history and achievements of roadway support technologies in China were detailed,including rock bolting,steel supports,grouting reinforcement and combined *** typical support and reinforcement case studies were analyzed,including a high stressed roadway 1,000 m below the surface,a roadway surrounded by severely weak and broken rocks,a chamber surrounded by weak and broken rocks,and a roadway with very soft and swelling *** on studies and practices in many years,rock bolting has become the mainstream roadway support form in China coal mines,and steel supports,grouting reinforcement and combined supports have also been applied at proper occasions,which have provided reliable technical measures for the safe and high effective construction and mining of underground coal mines.

关键词： Coal mines Deep and complex roadways Rock bolts Steel supports Grouting Combined supports

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Mechanical behaviors of coal measures and ground control technologies for China's deep coal mines-A review

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第1期15卷 37-65页

作者： hongpu kang Fuqiang Gao Gang Xu Huaiwei Ren CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute BeijingChina Coal Mining Branch China Coal Research InstituteBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization China Coal Research InstituteBeijingChina

This paper reviews the major achievements in terms of mechanical behaviors of coal measures,mining stress distribution characteristics and ground control in China’s deep underground coal *** three main aspects of this review are coal measure mechanics,mining disturbance mechanics,and rock support *** studies related to these three topics are reviewed,including the geo-mechanical properties of coal measures,distribution and evolution characteristics of mining-induced stresses,evolution characteristics of mining-induced structures,and principles and technologies of ground control in both deep roadways and longwall faces.A discussion is made to explain the structural and mechanical properties of coal measures in China’s deep coal mining practices,the types and dis-tribution characteristics of in situ stresses in underground coal mines,and the distribution of mining-induced stress that forms under different geological and engineering *** theory of pre-tensioned rock bolting has been proved to be suitable for ground control of deep underground coal *** use of combined ground control technology(*** support,rock mass modification,and destressing)has been demonstrated to be an effective measure for rock control of deep *** developed hydraulic shields for 1000 m deep ultra-long working face can effectively improve the stability of surrounding rocks and mining efficiency in the longwall *** ground control challenges in deep underground coal mines in China are discussed,and further research is recommended in terms of theory and technology for ground control in deep roadways and longwall faces.

关键词： Deep underground coal mine Mechanical behavior Mining-induced stress Mining-induced fractures Ground control for roadways Ground control for working face

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Grouting theories and technologies for the reinforcement of fractured rocks surrounding deep roadways

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2023年第1期2卷 2-19页

作者： hongpu kang Wenzhou Li Fuqiang Gao Jianwei Yang CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute BeijingChina Coal Mining Branch China Coal Research InstituteBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization(China Coal Research Institute) BeijingChina

Grouting is an effective method to improve the integrity and stability of fractured rocks that surround deep *** years of research and practice,various theories and a complete set of grouting technologies for deep roadways with fractured rocks have been developed and are widely applied in Chinese coal mining *** paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the research results concerning the theory,design,materials,processes,and equipment for the grouting and reinforcement of fractured rocks surrounding deep ***,in terms of grouting methods,pregrouting,groutingwhile-excavation,and postgrouting methods are explored;in terms of grouting theory,backfill grouting,compaction grouting,infiltration grouting,and fracture grouting theories are *** addition,this paper also studies grouting borehole arrangement,water-cement ratio,grouting pressure,grouting volume,grout diffusion radius,and other grouting parameters and their determination *** this basis,this paper explores the physical and mechanical properties of organic and organic-inorganic composite grouting materials,and assess grouting reinforcement quality testing methods and *** as the field cases,the application of pregrouting in front of heading faces,groutingwhile-excavation,and postgrouting in the Kouzidong coal mine are then introduced,and the effects of the grouting reinforcements are *** paper proposes a development direction for grouting technology based on problems existing in the grouting reinforcement of fractured rocks surrounding deep roadways.

关键词： deep roadways development direction field study fractured rocks grouting materials grouting methods high-pressure grouting

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Tests and analysis of mechanical behaviours of rock bolt components for China's coal mine roadways

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第1期7卷 14-26页

作者： hongpu kang Jinghe Yang Xianzhi Meng Coal Mining and Designing Branch China Coal Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization China Coal Research Institute

关键词： Mining engineering Rock bolt Rebar Thread Plate Deformation Damage

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Mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of rock bolts subjected to static-dynamic loads

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第3期34卷 281-288页

作者： hongpu kang Guiyang Yuan Linpo Si Fuqiang Gao Jinfu Lou Jinghe Yang Shuangyong Dong CCTEG Coal Mining Research InstituteBeijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control Beijing 100013China

This study explores the effects of dynamic and static loading on rock bolt performance a key factor in maintaining the structural safety of coal mine roadways susceptible to coal *** a housemade load frame to simulate various failure scenarios,pretension-impact-pull tests on rock bolts were conducted to scrutinize their dynamic responses under varied static load conditions and their failure traits under combined *** experimental results denote that with increased impact energy,maximum and average impact loads on rock bolts escalate significantly under pretension,initiating plastic deformation beyond a certain *** minor reductions in the yield load due to impactinduced damage,pretension aids in constraining post-impact deformation rate and fluctuation degree of rock ***,impact-induced plastic deformation causes internal microstructure dislocation,fortifying the stiffness of the rock bolt support *** magnitude of this fortification is directly related to the plastic deformation induced by the *** findings provide crucial guidance for designing rock bolt support in coal mine roadway excavation,emphasizing the necessity to consider both static and dynamic loads for improved safety and efficiency.

关键词： Rock bolt Pretension Static and dynamic load Impact

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Theory,technology and application of grouted bolting in soft rock roadways of deep coal mines

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1463-1479页

作者： hongpu kang Jianwei Yang Pengfei Jiang Fuqiang Gao Wenzhou Li Jiafeng Li Huiyuan Chen Coal Mining Research Institute China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100013China Coal Mining Branch China Coal Research InstituteBeijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Mining and Strata Control Beijing 100013China

The grouted bolt,combining rock bolting with grouting techniques,provides an effective solution for controlling the surrounding rock in deep soft rock and fractured *** has been extensively applied in numerous deep mining areas characterized by soft rock roadways,where it has demonstrated remarkable control *** article systematically explores the evolution of grouted bolting,covering its theoretical foundations,design methods,materials,construction processes,monitoring measures,and methods for assessing its *** overview encompassed several key elements,delving into anchoring theory and grouting reinforcement *** new principle of high pretensioned high-pressure splitting grouted bolting collaborative active control is introduced.A fresh method for dynamic information design is also *** discussion touches on both conventional grouting rock bolts and cable bolts,as well as innovative grouted rock bolts and cables characterized by their high pretension,strength,and sealing hole *** examination of the merits and demerits of standard inorganic and organic grouting materials versus the new inorganic–organic composite materials,including their specific application conditions,was ***,the article presents various methods and instruments to assess the support effect of grouting rock bolts,cable bolts,and grouting ***,it provides a foundation for understanding the factors influencing decisions on grouted bolting timing,the sequence of grouting,the pressure applied,the volume of grout used,and the strategic arrangement of grouted rock bolts and cable *** application of the high pretensioned high-pressure splitting grouted bolting collaborative control technology in a typical kilometer-deep soft rock mine in China—the soft coal seam and soft rock roadway in the Kouzidong coal mine,Huainan coal mining area,was ***,the existing problems in grouted bolting control

关键词： deep coal mine soft rock roadway grouted bolting rock bolt and cable grouting material high-pressure splitting grouting collaborative control technology

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Key technologies and equipment for a fully mechanized top-coal caving operation with a large mining height at ultra-thick coal seams

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2015年第2期2卷 97-162页

作者： Jinhua Wang Bin Yu hongpu kang Guofa Wang Debing Mao Yuntao Liang Pengfei Jiang China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Beijing 100013 China Datong Coal Mine Group Co. Ltd. Datong 037003 China CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute Shenyang 110016China

Thick and ultra-thick coal seams are main coal seams for high production rate and high efficiency in Chinese coal mines, which accounts for 44 % of the total minable coal reserve. A fully mechanized top-coal caving mining method is a main underground coal extraction method for ultra-thick coal seams. The coal extraction technologies for coal seams less than 14 m thick were extensively used in China. However, for coal seams with thickness greater than 14 m, there have been no reported cases in the world for underground mechanical extraction with safe performance, high efficiency and high coal recovery ratio. To deal with this case, China Coal Technology ＆ Engineering Group, Datong Coal Mine Group, and other 15 organizations in China launched a fundamental and big project to develop coal mining technologies and equipment for coal seams with thicknesses greater than 14 m. After the completion of the project, a coal extraction method was developed for top-coal caving with a large mining height, as well as a ground control theory for ultra-thick coal seams. In addition, the mining technology for top-coal caving with a large mining height, the ground support technology for roadway in coal seams with a large cross-section, and the prevention and control technology for gas and fire hazards were developed and applied. Furthermore, a hydraulic support with a mining height of 5.2 m, a shearer with high reliability, and auxiliary equipment were developed and manufactured. Practical implication on the technologies and equipment developed was successfully completed at the No. 8105 coal face in the Tashan coal mine, Datong, China. The major achievements of the project are summarized as follows： 1. A top-coal caving method for ultra-thick coal seams is proposed with a cutting height of 5 m and a top-coal caving height of 15 m. A structural mechanical model of overlying strata called cantilever beam-articulated rock beam is established. Based on the model, the load resistance of the

关键词： Ultra-thick coal seams Top-coal caving mining Large mining height Mining method - Mining equipment Roadway support Safety guarantee

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我国煤矿巷道围岩控制技术发展70年及展望

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岩石力学与工程学报 2021年第1期40卷 1-30页

作者：康红普中煤科工开采研究院有限公司北京100013 煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院北京100013 煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室北京100013

总结新中国成立70年来,我国煤矿巷道围岩控制领域取得的主要研究成果,涉及巷道围岩地质力学特性,围岩变形、破坏特征与机制,围岩控制理论及技术。介绍煤系沉积岩地层强度、煤岩体结构特征及煤矿井下地应力分布规律,采煤引起的采动应力... 详细信息

总结新中国成立70年来,我国煤矿巷道围岩控制领域取得的主要研究成果,涉及巷道围岩地质力学特性,围岩变形、破坏特征与机制,围岩控制理论及技术。介绍煤系沉积岩地层强度、煤岩体结构特征及煤矿井下地应力分布规律,采煤引起的采动应力场分布特征及对采动巷道围岩稳定性的影响。指出煤矿巷道围岩变形具有分阶段性、流变性和冲击性,巷道围岩破坏有煤岩破坏、结构面破坏及围岩结构失稳破坏3种模式,软岩、强采动、大变形是我国煤矿巷道围岩控制的主要特点。论述5类巷道围岩控制方法与原理:控制围岩松动载荷、控制围岩变形、在围岩中形成承载结构、围岩改性及围岩卸压。阐述巷道围岩在掘进全过程的控制原理,重点介绍预应力锚杆支护理论及支护应力场的概念。将巷道围岩控制技术分为5类:表面支护、锚固、改性、卸压及联合控制技术,介绍金属支架、锚杆与锚索、注浆加固、水力压裂卸压及联合控制技术的发展历程和应用情况。最后,分析煤矿巷道围岩控制中存在的问题,并展望未来技术发展趋势。

关键词：采矿工程煤矿巷道围岩控制采动支护改性卸压

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深部软岩巷道围岩扩容与流变特性模拟研究及应用

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煤炭学报 2023年第1期48卷 15-33页

作者：康红普伊康中煤科工开采研究院有限公司北京100013 煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室北京100013 太原理工大学矿业工程学院山西太原030024

深部软岩回采巷道围岩劣化、扩容和流变效应显著。基于增量塑性流动理论和流变理论,将改进伯格斯体、改进黏塑性体和应变软化塑性体串联建立了BVS模型,可描述围岩应变软化、塑性扩容、蠕变三阶段、稳定与非稳定蠕变、流变损伤和流变扩容... 详细信息

深部软岩回采巷道围岩劣化、扩容和流变效应显著。基于增量塑性流动理论和流变理论,将改进伯格斯体、改进黏塑性体和应变软化塑性体串联建立了BVS模型,可描述围岩应变软化、塑性扩容、蠕变三阶段、稳定与非稳定蠕变、流变损伤和流变扩容6个力学特性。推导了该模型的三维增量本构方程,并开发出可供FLAC3D调用的数值形式。结合三维增量本构方程导出的参数辨识公式和中煤能源新集口孜东煤矿岩样试验数据,辨识了BVS模型的19个输入参数,并采用试验数据、理论解和数值计算结果相互印证的方式,对多种加载条件下单元件应力-应变响应、力学特性和模型整体进行严格校核。将BVS模型用于口孜东煤矿121302运输巷进行数值模拟计算,结果表明:掘进扰动较弱;流变期间围岩大范围持续劣化,呈顶板下沉量较小、巷帮锚固体整体内移和剧烈底臌的特点;回采影响强烈,使围岩大范围劣化,巷道断面强烈变形。底板泥岩持续臌起驱动不断扩容的底煤挤入巷道空间是发生剧烈底臌的主要原因;底板深度1.5 m处流变直接导致的软化参量全程仅占比0~16%,但流变损伤引起应力调整,间接导致软化参量增大。将数值模拟计算结果与井下实测数据进行了对比分析,表明BVS模型基本能反映深部软岩回采巷道围岩变形与破坏规律,但是2者还存在较大差异,仍需进一步完善BVS模型。

关键词：深部软岩巷道 BVS模型围岩劣化应变软化扩容流变损伤

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