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Tumor inflammation-specific self-amplifying fluorescent molecular probes induce an anti-tumor immune response

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 273-287页

作者： Shuguang Yang Lijun hu Hong Xiao Zecong Xiao Xintao Shuai PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Department of Ultrasound The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Department of Medical Ultrasound The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Nanomedicine Research Center The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

Enhancing the concentration of exogenous molecular drugs within the tumor microenvironment through enzyme-catalyzed polymerization presents a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Nonetheless, the optimization of the catalytic efficiency is often impeded by the inefficient expression of enzymes. Herein, we reported a self-amplifying fluorescent molecular probe, Bis-HTPICG, for photodynamic therapy(PDT) and subsequent PDT-induced immunoreaction. The Bis-HTP-ICG probe possesses a noticeable enzyme-catalyzed polymerization facilitated by myeloperoxidase(MPO), a crucial enzyme secreted by neutrophils at inflammation sites. Upon exposure to laser irradiation, Bis-HTP-ICG showed a high PDT efficacy, inducing an acute inflammatory response that stimulates further recruitment of neutrophils and then elevated MPO secretion. The heightened level of MPO enhances the accumulation of the Bis-HTP-ICG via self-polymerization or binding with intratumoral proteins following MPO enzyme catalysis, instigating a self-amplifying chain reaction cycle involving Bis-HTP-ICG, neutrophils and ***, PDT efficiently incites immunogenic cell death(ICD) in tumor cells, initiating an anti-tumor immune response including dendritic cells(DCs) maturation, T cell proliferation and reprogramming of tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs). This work portrays a promising strategy for self-amplification of fluorescent molecular probes through adjustable enzyme levels,potentially offering a unique avenue to enhance the tumor accumulation of molecular drugs for improved tumor therapy.

关键词： fluorescent molecular probes self-amplifying myeloperoxidase photodynamic therapy

基于机器视觉的天然橡胶树割胶轨迹识别规划研究

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中国农机化学报 2022年第5期43卷 102-108页

作者：孙泽瑾邢洁洁胡宏男张喜瑞董学虎邓怡国海南大学机电工程学院海口市570228 仲恺农业工程学院机电工程学院广州市510225 海南省农业机械鉴定推广站海口市570312 中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所广东湛江524091

针对光照条件复杂多变、目标前景与背景特征相近等外界因素影响割胶轨迹识别规划的难题,提出一种天然橡胶树割胶轨迹识别规划组合优化算法。首先对原始图像进行图像预处理,降低图像噪声影响,增强割胶轮廓与背景的特征信息;然后采用OTSU... 详细信息

针对光照条件复杂多变、目标前景与背景特征相近等外界因素影响割胶轨迹识别规划的难题,提出一种天然橡胶树割胶轨迹识别规划组合优化算法。首先对原始图像进行图像预处理,降低图像噪声影响,增强割胶轮廓与背景的特征信息;然后采用OTSU算法进行阈值分割,获得二值图像,利用形态学开运算消除残余噪声点;再通过对比分析不同边缘提取算子,选用Canny算子提取割胶轨迹;最后采用轨迹拟合方法规划出下一条割胶轨迹。为验证所提算法的稳定性和有效性,对采集于海南国家天然橡胶林的180张图像进行试验。结果表明:所提出的组合优化算法在自然光照条件下可识别规划出下一条割胶轨迹,且识别规划成功率达89.4%,可为研发智能割胶机器人提供技术参考。

关键词：天然橡胶割胶轨迹识别规划特征信息智能割胶

Optimizing Fine-Tuning in Quantized Language Models:An In-Depth Analysis of Key Variables

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 307-325页

作者： Ao Shen Zhiquan Lai Dongsheng Li Xiaoyu hu National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China Strategic Assessments and Consultation Institute Academy of Military ScienceBeijing100091China

Large-scale Language Models(LLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing(NLP),driven by the pre-training and fine-tuning *** this approach allows models to specialize in specific tasks with reduced training costs,the substantial memory requirements during fine-tuning present a barrier to broader ***-Efficient Fine-Tuning(PEFT)techniques,such as Low-Rank Adaptation(LoRA),and parameter quantization methods have emerged as solutions to address these challenges by optimizing memory usage and computational *** these,QLoRA,which combines PEFT and quantization,has demonstrated notable success in reducing memory footprints during fine-tuning,prompting the development of various QLoRA *** these advancements,the quantitative impact of key variables on the fine-tuning performance of quantized LLMs remains *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of these key variables,focusing on their influence across different layer types and depths within LLM *** investigation uncovers several critical findings:(1)Larger layers,such as MLP layers,can maintain performance despite reductions in adapter rank,while smaller layers,like self-attention layers,aremore sensitive to such changes;(2)The effectiveness of balancing factors depends more on specific values rather than layer type or depth;(3)In quantization-aware fine-tuning,larger layers can effectively utilize smaller adapters,whereas smaller layers struggle to do *** insights suggest that layer type is a more significant determinant of fine-tuning success than layer depth when optimizing quantized ***,for the same discount of trainable parameters,reducing the trainable parameters in a larger layer is more effective in preserving fine-tuning accuracy than in a smaller *** study provides valuable guidance for more efficient fine-tuning strategies and opens avenues for further research into optimizing LLM

关键词： Large-scale Language Model Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning parameter quantization key variable trainable parameters experimental analysis

A functional cathode sodium compensation agent for stable sodium-ion batteries

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 173-182页

作者： Wei Wu Zhenglin hu Zhengfei Zhao Aoxuan Wang Jiayan Luo Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shaoxing Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Molecular Engineering Shaoxing312000China

Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling *** compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed *** it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions ***,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C]O groups and promote its reversible ***,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 ***,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP t NaDBjHC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C *** work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.

关键词： Hard carbon ICE Cathode compensation agent Reversible capacity Stability

Domain generalization with semi-supervised learning for people-centric activity recognition

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 171-188页

作者： Jing LIU Wei Zhu Di LI Xing hu Liang SONG Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University Shanghai East-bund Research Institute on Networking Systems of AI School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science & Technology

People-centric activity recognition is one of the most critical technologies in a wide range of real-world applications,including intelligent transportation systems, healthcare services, and brain-computer interfaces. Large-scale data collection and annotation make the application of machine learning algorithms prohibitively expensive when adapting to new tasks. One way of circumventing this limitation is to train the model in a semi-supervised learning manner that utilizes a percentage of unlabeled data to reduce the labeling burden in prediction tasks. Despite their appeal, these models often assume that labeled and unlabeled data come from similar distributions, which leads to the domain shift problem caused by the presence of distribution gaps. To address these limitations, we propose herein a novel method for people-centric activity recognition,called domain generalization with semi-supervised learning(DGSSL), that effectively enhances the representation learning and domain alignment capabilities of a model. We first design a new autoregressive discriminator for adversarial training between unlabeled and labeled source domains, extracting domain-specific features to reduce the distribution gaps. Second, we introduce two reconstruction tasks to capture the task-specific features to avoid losing information related to representation learning while maintaining task-specific consistency. Finally, benefiting from the collaborative optimization of these two tasks, the model can accurately predict both the domain and category labels of the source domains for the classification task. We conduct extensive experiments on three real-world sensing datasets. The experimental results show that DGSSL surpasses the three state-of-the-art methods with better performance and generalization.

关键词： activity recognition deep learning domain generalization semi-supervised learning adversarial training

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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease:effects on neural and synaptic rehabilitation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 326-342页

作者： Yi Ji Chaoyi Yang Xuerui Pang Yibing Yan Yue Wu Zhi Geng Wenjie hu Panpan hu Xingqi Wu Kai Wang Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders HefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health HefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from deficits in synaptic transmission and *** Alzheimer’s disease brain tends to be hyperexcitable and hypersynchronized,thereby causing neurodegeneration and ultimately disrupting the operational abilities in daily life,leaving patients *** transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective,neuro-modulatory technique used for multiple neurological *** the past two decades,it has been widely used to predict cognitive decline;identify pathophysiological markers;promote neuroplasticity;and assess brain excitability,plasticity,and *** has also been applied to patients with dementia,because it can yield facilitatory effects on cognition and promote brain recovery after a neurological ***,its therapeutic effectiveness at the molecular and synaptic levels has not been elucidated because of a limited number of *** study aimed to characterize the neurobiological changes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment,evaluate its effects on synaptic plasticity,and identify the associated *** review essentially focuses on changes in the pathology,amyloidogenesis,and clearance pathways,given that amyloid deposition is a major hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s *** mechanisms associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedures and different pathways mediating gene transcription,which are closely related to the neural regeneration process,are also ***,we discuss the outcomes of animal studies in which neuroplasticity is modulated and assessed at the structural and functional levels by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,with the aim to highlight future directions for better clinical translations.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid deposition apoptotic mechanisms biomarker neural regeneration neurodegeneration repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation synaptic plasticity

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香蕉果柄夹持与切割复合执行机构设计与实验

机床与液压 2022年第24期50卷 45-48页

作者：欧炬基张日红胡宏男黄鑫彬钟建鸣黄家俊仲恺农业工程学院机电工程学院广东广州510225

香蕉高位大尺寸特点给香蕉的采摘带来很大的难度,目前以人工采摘作业为主的方式需耗费巨大的人力成本。提出一种香蕉果柄夹持和切割复合执行机构,该复合执行机构主要由夹持与摆切机构、电动链锯、摆头基座和液压系统所组成。夹持与摆切... 详细信息

香蕉高位大尺寸特点给香蕉的采摘带来很大的难度,目前以人工采摘作业为主的方式需耗费巨大的人力成本。提出一种香蕉果柄夹持和切割复合执行机构,该复合执行机构主要由夹持与摆切机构、电动链锯、摆头基座和液压系统所组成。夹持与摆切机构和履带行走的驱动动力均来自于安装在履带车底部的液压动力系统。针对香蕉果柄模拟直径为90~120 mm的夹持力学性能实验结果表明:香蕉果柄夹持与切割复合执行机构可以稳定夹持60 kg的负载质量,负载越重需要的最小夹持力就越大,对应的减压阀调节压力也越大,在同一负载下香蕉果柄直径变大需要的夹持力也会增大。将香蕉果柄夹持与切割复合执行机构安装于适配的农业机器人末端,可一次性完成香蕉果柄的夹持、切割和整串香蕉的吊放作业。

关键词：末端执行器农业机器人复合运动实验研究

Potential role of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1599-1612页

作者： Guibo Qi Han Tang Jianian hu Siying Kang Song Qin Department of Anatomy Histologyand EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Tanycytes, specialized ependymal cells located in the hypothalamus, play a crucial role in the generation of new neurons that contribute to the neural circuits responsible for regulating the systemic energy balance. The precise coordination of the gene networks controlling neurogenesis in naive and mature tanycytes is essential for maintaining homeostasis in adulthood. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that govern the proliferation and differentiation of tanycytes into neurons remains limited. This article aims to review the recent advancements in research into the mechanisms and functions of tanycyte-derived neurogenesis. Studies employing lineage-tracing techniques have revealed that the neurogenesis specifically originating from tanycytes in the hypothalamus has a compensatory role in neuronal loss and helps maintain energy homeostasis during metabolic diseases. Intriguingly,metabolic disorders are considered early biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore,the neurogenic potential of tanycytes and the state of newborn neurons derived from tanycytes heavily depend on the maintenance of mild microenvironments, which may be disrupted in Alzheimer's disease due to the impaired blood–brain barrier ***, the specific alterations and regulatory mechanisms governing tanycyte-derived neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that tanycyte-derived neurogenesis might be impaired in Alzheimer's disease, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Confirming this hypothesis, however, poses a challenge because of the lack of long-term tracing and nucleus-specific analyses of newborn neurons in the hypothalamus of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying tanycyte-derived neurogenesis holds promise for identifying small molecules capable of restoring tanycyte proliferation in neurodegenerative diseases. This line of investigation could pro

关键词： Alzheimer's disease blood–brain barrier ependymoglial cells hypothalamus metabolic diseases neural stem cells neurogenesis neuroinflammatory diseases neurons tanycyte

Mechanism by which Rab5 promotes regeneration and functional recovery of zebrafish Mauthner axons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1816-1824页

作者： Jiantao Cui Yueru Shen Zheng Song Dinggang Fan Bing hu Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Rab5 is a GTPase protein that is involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. It functions by binding to various effector proteins and regulating cellular responses, including the formation of transport vesicles and their fusion with the cellular membrane. Rab5 has been reported to play an important role in the development of the zebrafish embryo;however, its role in axonal regeneration in the central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we established a zebrafish Mauthner cell model of axonal injury using single-cell electroporation and two-photon axotomy techniques. We found that overexpression of Rab5 in single Mauthner cells promoted marked axonal regeneration and increased the number of intra-axonal transport vesicles. In contrast, treatment of zebrafish larvae with the Rab kinase inhibitor CID-1067700markedly inhibited axonal regeneration in Mauthner cells. We also found that Rab5 activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) during axonal repair of Mauthner cells and promoted the recovery of zebrafish locomotor function. Additionally, rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin downstream of PI3K, markedly hindered axonal regeneration. These findings suggest that Rab5 promotes the axonal regeneration of injured zebrafish Mauthner cells by activating the PI3K signaling pathway.

关键词： axonal regeneration Mauthner cell nerve regeneration Rab5 zebrafish