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Return to the Moon:New perspectives on lunar exploration

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2136-2148页

作者： Yangting lin Wei Yang Hui Zhang Hejiu Hui Sen Hu Long Xiao Jianzhong Liu Zhiyong Xiao Zongyu Yue Jinhai Zhang Yang Liu Jing Yang honglei lin Aicheng Zhang Dijun Guo Sheng Gou lin Xu Yuyang He Xianguo Zhang Liping Qin Zongcheng ling Xiongyao Li Aimin Du Huaiyu He Peng Zhang Jinbin Cao Xianhua Li Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research and School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Lunar exploration is deemed crucial for uncovering the origins of the Earth-Moon system and is the first step for advancing humanity’s exploration of deep *** the past decade,the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program(CLEP),also known as the Chang’e(CE)Project,has achieved remarkable *** has successfully developed and demonstrated the engineering capability required to reach and return from the lunar ***,the CE Project has made historic firsts with the landing and on-site exploration of the far side of the Moon,along with the collection of the youngest volcanic samples from the Procellarum KREEP *** achievements have significantly enhanced our understanding of lunar *** on this success,China has proposed an ambitious crewed lunar exploration strategy,aiming to return to the Moon for scientific exploration and *** plan encompasses two primary phases:the first crewed lunar landing and exploration,followed by a thousand-kilometer scale scientific expedition to construct a geological cross-section across the lunar *** the limitations of current lunar exploration efforts and China’s engineering and technical capabilities,this paper explores the benefits of crewed lunar exploration while leveraging synergies with robotic *** study refines fundamental lunar scientific questions that could lead to significant breakthroughs,considering the respective engineering and technological *** research lays a crucial foundation for defining the objectives of future lunar exploration,emphasizing the importance of crewed missions and offering insights into potential advancements in lunar science.

关键词： Crewed lunar exploration Water and volatiles Composition and structure of lunar interior Volcanic activity and evolution of lunar mantle Space weathering and radiation environments Exploration technology

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深空探测科技制高点上的新焦点:月球水资源

中国科学院院刊 2024年第5期39卷 899-906页

作者：魏勇林红磊何飞张辉中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029

深空探测已经成为科技竞争的制高点。中国探月工程用20年的时间圆满完成“绕、落、回”并升级形成“勘、建、用”的新构想;同时,世界各国的月球探测发展已呈现出常态化和商业化的趋向。月球水资源的探测研究利用引发了各国和航天机构之... 详细信息

深空探测已经成为科技竞争的制高点。中国探月工程用20年的时间圆满完成“绕、落、回”并升级形成“勘、建、用”的新构想;同时,世界各国的月球探测发展已呈现出常态化和商业化的趋向。月球水资源的探测研究利用引发了各国和航天机构之间的广泛兴趣和激烈竞赛,成为科技制高点上的新焦点。月球水能够帮助揭示地月系统乃至太阳系形成演化的关键过程,是行星科学研究的前沿和学科建设的重要着力点;月球水资源的开发能够为未来的深空探测任务提供燃料和保障人类在月球上长期生存,是各国各机构扩展深化国际合作、共同利用地外资源造福人类的必然选择。文章结合月球水资源的探测研究现状和未来发展趋势,分析我国深空探测工程和行星科学学科发展的机遇与挑战,立足我国国情提出抢占科技制高点的对策与建议。

关键词：科技制高点深空探测行星科学月球水资源探月工程四期

柴达木盆地典型类火星地貌表层土壤的矿物与元素多谱学表征

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地球科学 2024年第7期49卷 2526-2538页

作者：郭雪申建勋刘立黄诚祥陈妍林红磊林巍中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所中国科学院地球与行星物理重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049 成都理工大学地球科学学院四川成都610059

火星表面具有丰富的古代水活动历史,可能曾具有较宜居的环境,一直是行星科学和深空探测的研究热点.我国青藏高原东北部的柴达木盆地气候寒冷干旱,地表受到的辐射较强且盐度较高,发育了多种与火星相似的地貌,被认为是开展火星类比研究的... 详细信息

火星表面具有丰富的古代水活动历史,可能曾具有较宜居的环境,一直是行星科学和深空探测的研究热点.我国青藏高原东北部的柴达木盆地气候寒冷干旱,地表受到的辐射较强且盐度较高,发育了多种与火星相似的地貌,被认为是开展火星类比研究的理想区域.综合利用短波红外光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱、X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱等技术手段,结合遥感影像数据,分析了柴达木盆地典型类火星地貌(冲积扇、沙丘、泥石流、冲沟、雅丹、盐滩、多边形等)表层土壤样品的光谱特征以及矿物和元素组成,揭示出柴达木盆地类火星地貌的矿物组成主要包括石英、钠长石、石膏、方解石,以及部分伊利石、绿泥石、微斜长石和岩盐等.其中,雅丹和冲积扇地貌具有较好的碳酸盐、黏土矿物和有机物保存潜力.本研究为从比较行星学角度解译火星古水文地貌的原位光谱数据和地球化学分析提供了参考.

关键词：柴达木盆地类火星地貌光谱学地球化学古水文环境

基于深度学习的锥形束CT影像金属伪影去除研究

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中华口腔医学杂志 2024年第1期59卷 71-79页

作者：贾泠卉林泓磊郑松炜林秀娇张栋于皓福建医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院口腔修复科、福建省口腔疾病研究重点实验室、福建省口腔生物材料工程技术研究中心、福建省高校口腔医学重点实验室、福建医科大学口腔医学研究院、福建医科大学口腔生物力学及美学研究中心福州350002 福州大学计算机与大数据学院福州350108

目的建立基于深度学习的金属伪影去除系统(MARS),评估其对锥形束CT影像中不同厚度金属产生的伪影的去除效果。方法采用三维打印的光敏树脂制作标准牙列模型(60mm×75mm×110mm),设计目标牙位(上颌、下颌双侧第一和第二前磨牙)为可拆卸... 详细信息

目的建立基于深度学习的金属伪影去除系统(MARS),评估其对锥形束CT影像中不同厚度金属产生的伪影的去除效果。方法采用三维打印的光敏树脂制作标准牙列模型(60mm×75mm×110mm),设计目标牙位(上颌、下颌双侧第一和第二前磨牙)为可拆卸替换牙位,通过置入不同厚度(轴面及面厚度分别均为1.0、1.5、2.0mm,即A、B、C组)的钴铬合金全冠试件,获得完全配对的含有或不含有金属伪影的锥形束CT影像,并通过结构相似度(SSIM)及峰值信噪比(PSNR)评估不同厚度钴铬合金全冠试件产生伪影的范围。建立基于卷积神经网络(CNN)与U型网络(U-net)的MARS(CNN-MARS及U-net-MARS),检验CNN-MARS和U-net-MARS两种系统去伪影前后图像的SSIM值和PSNR值,评估其去伪影效果;通过可视化方式分析两种系统去除锥形束CT影像中金属伪影的效果。采用单因素方差分析分别对两种系统的SSIM值和PSNR值进行统计分析,检验水准为双侧α=0.05。结果A、B、C组钴铬合金全冠试件的SSIM值(分别为0.916±0.019、0.873±0.010、0.833±0.010)和PSNR值(分别为20.834±1.176、17.002±0.427、14.673±0.429)差异均有统计学意义(F=447.89,P<0.001;F=796.51,P<0.001)。并且随着钴铬合金全冠试件厚度增加,其SSIM及PSNR值均显著增加(P<0.05)。对含有同一厚度钴铬合金全冠试件的图像,采用CNN-MARS与U-net-MARS去伪影后的SSIM和PSNR值均显著高于伪影去除前(均P<0.05)。使用CNN-MARS去U-net-MARS伪影后,含不同厚度钴铬合金全冠试件图像的SSIM值和PSNR值差异均无统计学意义(CNN-MARS:F=2.22,P=0.112;F=0.54,P=0.585;U-net-MARS:F=0.24,P=0.788;F=0.07,P=0.929)。CNN-MARS与U-net-MARS去伪影后图像与原始图像的相似度较高;相比U-net-MARS,CNN-MARS去伪影后仍可见较清晰的金属边缘,目标区域的组织结构恢复更完整。结论本研究构建的锥形束CT图像金属伪影消除CNN-MARS与U-net-MARS模型,均可有效去除金属伪影的干扰,提升图像质量,且去伪影效果不受金属厚度的影响。相比于U-net-MARS,CNN-MARS对恢复伪影周围组织结构具有显著优势。

关键词：锥束计算机体层摄影术卷积神经网络 U型网络金属伪影去伪影

基于非正交离散变换的物理不可克隆函数可靠性提升算法

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计算机应用 2024年第7期44卷 2116-2122页

作者：李诗扬倪少杰邓丁陈雷林红磊国防科技大学电子科学学院长沙410073

为了解决物理不可克隆函数(PUF)受外部环境和自身老化因素影响存在响应不稳定的问题,提出基于非正交离散(NOD)变换的PUF可靠性提升算法。首先,设计了一种重排序混淆器,将随机种子向量及PUF响应经重排序混淆器迭代处理后得到非正交混淆... 详细信息

为了解决物理不可克隆函数(PUF)受外部环境和自身老化因素影响存在响应不稳定的问题,提出基于非正交离散(NOD)变换的PUF可靠性提升算法。首先,设计了一种重排序混淆器,将随机种子向量及PUF响应经重排序混淆器迭代处理后得到非正交混淆矩阵与混淆响应矩阵的内积,据此建立NOD谱,有效缓解了因PUF本身均匀性不足而产生偏向性密钥的问题;随后,通过分区编解码策略,赋予NOD谱一定的波动容错能力,将不稳定响应的影响限制在有限的范围,从而显著提高最终响应的可靠性。所提算法相较于传统基于纠错码的方法,需要的帮助数据更少。基于SRAM-XMC数据集进行实验,所提算法在对2949120组64位响应进行101次重复实验过程中平均可靠性达到99.97%,唯一性达到49.92%,均匀性达到50.61%。实验结果表明,所提算法能够在保证PUF响应均匀性与唯一性的同时有效提高可靠性。

关键词：非正交离散变换物理不可克隆函数可靠性分区编解码唯一性布尔函数

Mineralogical evidence of water activity in the northern lowlands of Mars based on inflight-calibrated spectra from the Zhurong rover

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第11期66卷 2463-2472页

作者： honglei lin Yangting lin Yong WEI Sheng GOU Chi ZHANG Renhao RUAN Yongxin PAN Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Hydrated minerals provide direct indications of the early Martian water environment. The various clay minerals and evaporite salts found to date are mainly exposed in the ancient southern highlands of Mars. While it is believed that the area of the northern lowlands could have hosted a global ocean in the past, its surface is covered with a layer of spectrally nonabsorbing materials, and orbital hyperspectral remote sensing has found only sparse evidence for the presence of water. China's first Mars exploration mission, Tianwen-1, landed in the putative ancient shoreline zone of the northern lowlands of Mars. Its rover,Zhurong, conducted high-spatial-resolution reconnaissance to reveal the geological and environmental evolution of this *** to frequent dust storms, not only is the Martian surface covered with dust, but also the spectral calibration panels on the rover are affected by dust coverage. Data from the shortwave infrared(SWIR) spectrometer onboard the rover are also affected by other environmental factors such as instrumental temperature changes and atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption. This study recalibrated the in situ SWIR data to minimize the impact of the above factors. The recalibrated spectral data show that the reflectance of the landing area falls within the normal range of Martian soil, and confirm the presence of several important absorption peaks. The absorption characteristics indicate the presence of polyhydrated sulfates, gypsum, and hydrated silicates in the surface materials along the rover track, with sulfate content of line.

关键词： Mars Water activity In-situ exploration Short-wave infrared spectrum Zhurong rover

Progress of Planetary Science in China

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空间科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 754-771页

作者： HUI Hejiu RONG Zhaojin ZHANG Jinhai HU Sen lin honglei WEI Yong lin Yangting State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research&Lunar and Planetary Science Institute School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029

The national and international progress in deep space exploration has greatly promoted the development of planetary science in *** progress in different areas of planetary science has been achieved in *** this report,we summarize the research achievements obtained in China in the last three *** achievements include the research on geology,geochemistry,and space physics of the Moon,Mars,Mercury,Venus,giant planets,asteroids,and *** recent work on science objectives,mission payloads,and analytical capabilities that supports the lunar and deep space exploration program of China has also been introduced in this ***,we report the progress on developments of discipline and research team of planetary science in China.

关键词： Planetary science Progress Exploration Mission Solar system

Key Questions of Solar Wind-Moon Interaction

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Space(Science & Technology) 2023年第1期3卷 402-415页

作者： Hui Zhang Jinbin Cao Yangting lin Yong Wei Lei Li Xianguo Zhang honglei lin Lianghai Xie Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Institutions of Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Key questions on solar wind-Moon interaction are *** the nearest celestial body to Earth,Moon’s space environment is distinctive to Earth’s mainly because of lack of a significant atmosphere/ionosphere and a global magnetic *** a global respective,solar wind can bombard its surface,and the solar wind materials cumulated in the soil record the evolution of the Solar *** small-scale remanent magnetic fields are scattered over the lunar surface and,just as planetary magnetic fields protect planets,they are believed to divert the incident solar wind and shield the local lunar surface beneath,thus producing unique local surface environment that is critical to activities of human beings/facilities,thus providing unique landing sites to explore the origins of lunar swirls and remanent magnetic *** have hinted that this local interaction,however,may be also distinct with the interacting scenario on planets,and the specific process has not been revealed because of lack of in situ observations in the near-Moon space or on the *** global and local solar wind interactions of the Moon represent 2 types of characteristic interaction of celestial bodies with stellar wind in deep space,i.e.,the interactions of nonmagnetized bodies and of small-scale magnetized bodies,both of which may occur on asteroids and *** deep-space celestial bodies,either difficult or impossible to reach for human beings or artificial satellites,are hard to measure,and the exploration of the Moon can reveal the mystery of stellar wind interaction on these bodies.

关键词： Solar stellar Wind

Olivine-norite rock detected by the lunar rover Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA-impact melt pool

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National Science Review 2020年第5期7卷 913-920页

作者： honglei lin Zhiping He Wei Yang Yangting lin Rui Xu Chi Zhang Meng-Hua Zhu Rui Chang Jinhai Zhang Chunlai Li Hongyu lin Yang Liu Sheng Gou Yong Wei Sen Hu Changbin Xue Jianfeng Yang Jie Zhong Xiaohui Fu Weixing Wan Yongliao Zou Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronics Technology Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University

Chang’E-4 landed in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin,providing a unique chance to probe the composition of the lunar *** landing site is located on ejecta strips in Von Karman crater that possibly originate from the neighboring Finsen crater.A surface rock and the lunar regolith at 10 sites along the rover Yutu-2 track were measured by the onboard Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the first three lunar days of mission *** situ spectra of the regolith have peak band positions at 1and 2μm,similar to the spectral data of Finsen ejecta from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper,which confirms that the regolith’s composition of the landing area is mostly similar to that of Finsen *** rock spectrum shows similar band peak positions,but stronger absorptions,suggesting relatively fresh *** rock may consist of 38.1±5.4%low-Ca pyroxene,13.9±5.1%olivine and 48.0±3.1%plagioclase,referred to as *** plagioclase-abundant and olivine-poor modal composition of the rock is inconsistent with the origin of the mantle,but representative of the lunar lower ***,the rock crystallized from the impact-derived melt pool formed by the SPA-impact event via mixing the lunar crust and mantle *** scenario is consistent with fast-cooling thermal conditions of a shallow melt pool,indicated by the fine to medium-sized texture (<3 mm) of the rock and the SPA-impact melting model[Icarus2012;220:730-43].

关键词： impact basin lunar interior composition visible and near-infrared spectra lunar rover Yutu-2 Chang’E-4 mission