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A justice and innovative way ahead of consumption-based emission accounting approach

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 2999-3010页

作者： Qun SHEN hongbo duan Yun TANG Linbing TANG Li SHANG Xinyu DOU Wei WEI Weiqiang CHEN Zhu LIU State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science&EngineeringShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China School of Economics&Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UnivesityBeijing 100084China

Carbon emission accounting is an important basis for global climate *** on the consumption-based accounting(CBA)method,the characteristics of carbon flow between national,regional,and product processes could be more clearly ***,CBA is more conducive to clarifying the attribution of responsibilities between producers and consumers,with the principles of fairness and *** accounting for carbon emissions in typical countries from 1990 to 2019,we found that the CBA emissions are higher than the production-based accounting(PBA)emissions in major developed countries,while the results are reversed for developing *** the past 30 years,the CBA emissions in targeted developed countries generally have shown a downward trend,while in developing countries,they have shown an upward *** emissions in China have shown a continuous growth trend from 1990 to 2019,but the pace has slowed down significantly over the last ***,the embodied carbon intensity of China’s exports continues to decline,indicating that China is providing more green and low-carbon products to the *** the PV industry as an example,this study further reveals the contribution of specific product industries to the country’s carbon transfer through product carbon footprint *** order to provide a scientific basis for global mitigation and climate governance,it is urgent to innovate a scientific,practical,and standardized CBA technology system.

关键词： Consumption-based accounting Production-based accounting Carbon transfer Carbon footprint

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Evenness is important in assessing progress towards sustainable development goals

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National Science Review 2021年第8期8卷 158-167页

作者： Yali Liu Jianqing Du Yanfen Wang Xiaoyong Cui Jichang Dong Yanbin Hao Kai Xue hongbo duan Anquan Xia Yi Hu Zhi Dong Bingfang Wu Xinquan Zhao Bojie Fu College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Economics&Management University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

Sustainable development goals(SDGs) emphasize a holistic achievement instead of cherry-picking a ***, no assessment has quantitatively considered the evenness among all 17 goals. Here, we propose a systematic method, which first integrates both the evenness and the overall status of all goals, to distinguish the ideal development pathways from the uneven ones and then revisit the development trajectory in China from 2000 to 2015. Our results suggest that, despite the remarkable progress, a bottleneck has occurred in China since 2013 due to the stagnant developments in some SDGs. However, many far-reaching policies in China have been targeting these deficiencies since then, providing a perspective on how a country approaches sustainable development by promoting evenness among all SDGs. Our results also indicate that regions with the slowest progress are the developed provinces, owing to the persistent uneven status of all goals. Our study demonstrates the importance of adopting evenness in assessing and guiding sustainable development.

关键词： sustainable development goals evenness development pathway adaptive strategy China

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中国高耗能行业碳排放因素分解与达峰路径研究

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系统工程理论与实践 2018年第10期38卷 2501-2511页

作者：杨冕卢昕段宏波武汉大学经济发展研究中心武汉430072 武汉大学经济与管理学院武汉430072 武汉大学人口·资源·环境经济研究中心武汉430072 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院北京100190

促进高耗能行业碳减排是实现我国二氧化碳排放总量于2030年之前达峰的必经之路.通过将能源增强型技术进步和二氧化碳（CO2）排放共同纳入传统的经济增长分析框架,构建了碳排放影响因素的理论分析模型,将我国六大高耗能行业碳排放增长率... 详细信息

促进高耗能行业碳减排是实现我国二氧化碳排放总量于2030年之前达峰的必经之路.通过将能源增强型技术进步和二氧化碳（CO2）排放共同纳入传统的经济增长分析框架,构建了碳排放影响因素的理论分析模型,将我国六大高耗能行业碳排放增长率的变动分解为规模效应、能源结构效应、要素替代效应和能源技术进步效应四个部分;并以此为基础,采用情景分析方法对2030年之前高耗能行业碳排放达峰路径进行探索.结果显示：1）对所有行业而言,规模效应是促进碳排放持续增加的主要因素,且该作用在＂十五＂时期表现得最为突出;相反,能源技术进步效应和要素替代效应对行业碳排放的增加均形成了一定程度的抑制;能源结构效应对碳减排的影响较为微弱且在方向上存在着行业差异.2）对于化学原料及制品、非金属制品、黑色金属加工、有色金属加工四个行业而言,能源技术进步效应对碳排放的抑制作用最为显著,尽管该效应的作用强度在时序维度上总体呈现下降趋势;与之相比,石油加工、电力生产供应两行业的碳减排主要依赖要素替代效应.3）在高排放情景下,高耗能行业碳排放总量持续快速增长,难以在2030年之前达峰;而在中排放和低排放情景下,六大行业的碳排放将分别于2023年、2017年前后达峰.

关键词：碳排放情景分析能源技术进步高耗能行业

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Role of Nanfan Base and Recommendations about Construction and Management

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Asian Agricultural Research 2015年第12期7卷 34-36页

作者： hongbo duan Yang DAI Xiangping LIU Zhixin LI Xiaomin ZHANG Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry Hainan Guangling High-tech Industrial Co. Ltd Jingzhou Agricultural Law Enforcement Team College of Agriculture Yangtze University Hubei Jingchu Seed Industry Co. Ltd

This paper first analyzes the important role of Nanfan Base in China: " accelerator" for breeding new varieties of crops; " unallocated store" to ensure the varieties for agricultural production; " lightning rod" to ensure the quality and safety of seeds; " big stage" for variety and technical exchanges and cooperation; " big school" for cultivating seed industry technology talents; " booster" for promoting local economic development. Then it points out the main problems about Nanfan Base and finally sets forth the relevant recommendations.

关键词： Nanfan Base Important role Main problems Construction and management recommendations

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Feasibility Analysis and Policy Recommendations for Production of Hybrid Rice Seed in Foreign Countries

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Asian Agricultural Research 2016年第10期8卷 37-40页

作者： hongbo duan Qianyu YANG Xiangping LIU Zhixin LI Renjun WANG Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry Jingzhou Agricultural Law Enforcement Team School of Agriculture Yangtze University Hubei Jingchu Seed Industry Co. Ltd

In the economic new normal,production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries is the necessity for reducing farmland area occupied by seed production,for ensuring national grain security,realizing cost reducing and quality improving of hybrid rice seed,strengthening competitive power at international market,guiding seed industry of China to go out,building transnational seed groups with core competitive power,establishing close relationship with developing countries,promoting the construction of One Belt One Road strategy,serving overall situation of diplomacy,and setting up excellent international image. It is feasible to produce hybrid seed in foreign countries considering( i) high overall national strength of China,( ii) rapid and healthy growth of China's seed industry and increasingly mature hybrid rice seed production technologies,( iii) excellent climatic conditions of foreign host countries of seed production,and( iv) low land and labor price of foreign host countries of seed production. However,there are social and policy risks,technology and trade barrier risks,market,production,and other risks for production of hybrid rice seed in foreign countries. In view of these,it came up with recommendations,including allowing delivering parent seeds of hybrid rice to foreign countries,allowing delivering hybrid rice seed to China,solving the problem of " opening in protection,and protection in opening",and formulating a package of support policies.

关键词： Hybrid rice Production of seed in foreign countries Necessities Feasibility Risk Recommendations

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Overlooked uneven progress across sustainable development goals at the global scale: Challenges and opportunities

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 42-50页

作者： Yali Liu Jianqing Du Yanfen Wang Xiaoyong Cui Jichang Dong Pan Gu Yanbin Hao Kai Xue hongbo duan Anquan Xia Yi Hu Zhi Dong Bingfang Wu Jüurgen P.Kropp Bojie Fu School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Economics and Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Humanities University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001China School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research 14412 PotsdamGermany Institute for Environmental Science and Geography University of Potsdam14412 PotsdamGermany State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Differences in progress across sustainable development goals(SDGs)are widespread globally;meanwhile,the rising call for prioritizing specific SDGs may exacerbate such ***,how these progress differences would influence global sustainable development has been long ***,we present the first quantitative assessment of SDGs’progress differences globally by adopting the SDGs progress evenness *** results highlight that the uneven progress across SDGs has been a hindrance to sustainable development because(1)it is strongly associated with many public health risks(e.g.,air pollution),social inequalities(e.g.,gender inequality,modern slavery,wealth gap),and a reduction in life expectancy;(2)it is also associated with deforestation and habitat loss in terrestrial and marine ecosystems,increasing the challenges related to biodiversity conservation;(3)most countries with low average SDGs performance show lower progress evenness,which further hinders their fulfillment of SDGs;and(4)many countries with high average SDGs performance also showcase stagnation or even retrogression in progress evenness,which is partly ascribed to the antagonism between climate actions and other *** findings highlight that while setting SDGs priorities may be more realistic under the constraints of multiple global stressors,caution must be exercised to avoid new problems from intensifying uneven progress across ***,our study reveals that the urgent needs regarding SDGs of different regions seem complementary,emphasizing that regional collaborations(e.g.,demand-oriented carbon trading between SDGs poorly performed and well-performed countries)may promote sustainable development achievements at the global scale.

关键词： globally priori inequality

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论被害人的民事赔偿先行起诉权

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中国刑事法杂志 2007年第3期 93-97页

作者：段洪波沈阳工程学院

我国的刑事附带民事诉讼制度难以保证被害人之损害得到及时有效赔偿。应当通过修改立法赋予被害人民事赔偿先行起诉权,即在检察机关提起刑事诉讼前,允许被害人提起单独的民事诉讼,这样可以摆脱刑事附带民事诉讼制度带来的种种限制,保证... 详细信息

我国的刑事附带民事诉讼制度难以保证被害人之损害得到及时有效赔偿。应当通过修改立法赋予被害人民事赔偿先行起诉权,即在检察机关提起刑事诉讼前,允许被害人提起单独的民事诉讼,这样可以摆脱刑事附带民事诉讼制度带来的种种限制,保证被害人最大限度地实现其求偿权。先行做出的民事判决对后行的刑事判决没有既判力,因此民事程序前置不会影响刑事审判的正常进行。由于民事诉讼的证明标准低于刑事诉讼,被害人有能力在先行的民事诉讼中完成举证责任。然而一旦败诉,即使后行的刑事判决认定被告人犯罪成立,被害人也只能接受民事诉讼败诉的后果,这是其选择行使先行起诉权必然承担的风险。

关键词：被害人民事赔偿先行起诉权刑事附带民事诉讼

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创新、内生增长与气候变化:2018年度诺贝尔经济科学奖得主的贡献简评

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管理评论 2018年第10期30卷 3-13页

作者：段宏波蔡宗武中国科学院大学经济与管理学院北京100190 Department of Economics University of KansasLawrenceUSA KS66045

2018年度的诺贝尔经济科学奖颁给了著名美国经济学家William D. Nordhaus和Paul M. Romer教授,以表彰其在技术创新、气候变化和内生经济增长领域的卓越贡献。稀缺性是经济学的核心属性,而知识和创新是我们应对自然资源稀缺性制约的有效... 详细信息

2018年度的诺贝尔经济科学奖颁给了著名美国经济学家William D. Nordhaus和Paul M. Romer教授,以表彰其在技术创新、气候变化和内生经济增长领域的卓越贡献。稀缺性是经济学的核心属性,而知识和创新是我们应对自然资源稀缺性制约的有效手段,两位诺奖获得者通过构建市场经济与自然资源和知识的交互作用模型,有力拓展了经济分析的范畴。Nordhaus的研究主要集中在气候变化经济学领域,他提出了分析全球变暖问题的经济学方法,将新古典经济理论与大气物理、化学等方法相结合,开创性地建立了动态集成的气候经济模型(DICE),对社会碳成本(SCC)管理以及基于市场机制的气候变化解决方案进行了深入研究。Romer的主要贡献是创新性地提出了四要素增长理论(自然资本、劳动、人力资本和知识创新),建立了内生经济增长模型,将知识作为资本投入考虑到经济和技术体系中,模拟了经济决策和市场条件决定新技术创造的过程。Romer的理论重新燃起了经济学界对内生增长的浓厚兴趣,实践层面也引导产生了大量的相关法规和政策。本文旨在对两位教授在技术创新、气候变化和内生经济增长领域的主要研究成果进行梳理和总结,简评相关理论的应用进展及实践贡献,继而揭示对未来国内外相关研究和政策设计的指导性意义。

关键词：诺贝尔经济学奖研究贡献简评气候变化技术创新内生经济增长

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长三角地区减污降碳协同效应评估

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中国人口·资源与环境 2024年第6期34卷 21-32页

作者：崔连标李晓段宏波安徽财经大学统计与应用数学学院安徽蚌埠233000 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院北京100190

长三角地区正在推动减污降碳协同增效,但其减污降碳协同潜力如何?目前鲜有文献展开量化评估。该研究借助数据包络分析方法,从全要素角度测算了长三角地区PM2.5和CO_(2)的边际减排成本,通过比较单独减排与协同减排下的成本变动,估算长三... 详细信息

长三角地区正在推动减污降碳协同增效,但其减污降碳协同潜力如何?目前鲜有文献展开量化评估。该研究借助数据包络分析方法,从全要素角度测算了长三角地区PM2.5和CO_(2)的边际减排成本,通过比较单独减排与协同减排下的成本变动,估算长三角整体、省际层面和城市层面的减污降碳协同潜力,模拟不同发展情形下协同效应变化。结果发现:(1)2011—2021年,相比单独减排,协同减排视角下长三角地区边际减污成本与边际降碳成本均有显著降低,其中边际减污成本缩减了35.28%,边际降碳成本缩减了32.41%。(2)省际层面看,长三角三省一市边际减排成本之间异质性明显。其中,安徽省边际减污和边际降碳成本最低,上海市边际减污和边际降碳成本偏高。(3)与单独减排相比,协同减排下安徽省边际减排成本的缩减比例最为突出,其减污降碳协同潜力也最为突出。(4)城市层面看,低碳发展优先是减污成本最小化的治理方案,清洁空气优先是降碳成本最小化的治理策略,而若以减污降碳协同效应最大化为目标,不同城市需根据自身经济发展阶段、能源资源禀赋和环境水平等探索与之相匹配的减污降碳协同策略。该研究通过估算长三角地区边际减污成本和边际降碳成本,揭示了该地区减污降碳协同潜力的时间变化规律和空间分布特征,研究结果对长三角地区科学推动减污降碳协同增效有参考价值。

关键词：减污降碳协同效应边际减排成本长三角地区

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减缓与适应:中国应对气候变化的成本收益分析

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中国科学院院刊 2018年第3期33卷 284-290页

作者：段宏波汪寿阳中国科学院大学经济与管理学院

潜在的气候损害性是全球气候变暖的内禀特征,同时也是减排应对的根本目的。积极的减排行动一方面可以缓解可能的气候变化损害,带来环境正效益,另一方面也会引起相应的宏观经济成本。从成本-收益角度看,中国单边减排行动的经济性如何,适... 详细信息

潜在的气候损害性是全球气候变暖的内禀特征,同时也是减排应对的根本目的。积极的减排行动一方面可以缓解可能的气候变化损害,带来环境正效益,另一方面也会引起相应的宏观经济成本。从成本-收益角度看,中国单边减排行动的经济性如何,适应在改善这一经济可行性方面又扮演着怎样的角色?这些问题的研究在气候变化形势日趋严峻且各国共同减排协议始终难以达成的背景下尤其重要。基于中国能源-经济-环境(3E)系统集成模型的成本-收益分析结果显示:中国单独排放控制行动的温控贡献十分有限,且付出的经济成本远大于其带来的气候损失对冲收益;提高气候适应能力是改善单独减排行动经济性的重要途径,且相比之下,适应在减少气候变化损失方面的效果更为显著。

关键词：单边排放控制减排与适应能源-经济-环境(3E)系统集成模型成本-收益分析政策设计

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