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Intra-annual stem diameter growth of Tamarix ramosissima and association with hydroclimatic factors in the lower reaches of China's Heihe River

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第4期6卷 498-510页

作者： ShengChun xiao honglang xiao xiaoMei PENG QuanYan TIAN Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

High-resolution observations of cambial phenology and intra-annual growth dynamics are useful approaches for understanding the response of tree growth to climate and environmental change. During the past two decades, rapid socioeconomic development has increased the demand for water resources in the oases of the middle reaches of the Heihe River in northwestern China, and the lower reaches of the Heihe River have changed from a perennial river to an ephemeral stream with a decreased and degraded riparian zone. Tamarisk（Tamarix ramosissima） is the dominant shrub species of the desert riparian forest. In this study, the daily and seasonal patterns of tamarisk stem diameter growth, including the main period of tree ring formation, were examined. Observations concerning the driving forces of growth changes, along with implications for the ecology of the dendrohydrological area and management of desert riparian forests in similar arid regions, are also presented. The diurnal-seasonal activity of stem diameter and the dynamics of growth ring formation were studied using a point dendrometer and micro-coring methods during the 2012 growing season in shrub tamarisk in a desert riparian forest stand in the lower reaches of the Heihe River in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia of northwestern China. Generally, the variation in diurnal diameter of tamarisk was characterized by an unstable multi-peak pattern, with the cumulative stem diameter growth over the growing season following an S-shaped curve. The period from late May to early August was the main period of stem diameter growth and growth-ring formation. Among all of the hydroclimatic factors considered in this study, only groundwater depth was significantly correlated with stem diameter increment during this period. Therefore, for the dendrochronological study, the annual rings of the tamarisk can be used to reconstruct processes that determine the regional water regime, such as river runoff and fluctuations in groundwater dept

关键词： Tamarix ramosissima stem diameter growth tree ring formation hydroclimatic factors diurnal-seasonal scale Heihe River

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The westerly fluctuation and water vapor transport over the Qilian-Heihe valley

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第Z1期47卷 32-38页

作者： WANG Keli CHENG Guodong xiao honglang JIANG Hao Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The westerly fluctuation and the atmospheric water vapor transport over the Qilian-Heihe valley are analyzed and the results show that, in the water vapor transport stream field from Jun to September, this valley is in the westerly stream and the water vapor comes from westerlies water transport via the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The net water vapor transport is less net import and different from most areas of the northwest China. The interannual changes in water vapor transport over the valley arise from the westerly fluctuation, and have a positive relationship to the interannual changes in westerly wind speed. The cold air actions from the Mongol low pressure are the primary system that controls the westerly water vapor transport. Its action chain is that, the Mongol low pressure is strengthened → the circulation meridionality will be increased → the cold air will move southwards → the westerly will be stronger → the wind convergence of direction and speed will be stronger → the water vapor convergence transport will be increased → the local water vapor content will be increased. The interannual changes in atmospheric water vapor transport over the valley rely mainly on the convergence transport, but the effect of advection transport is less. The interannual changes of strong or weak westerly affect mainly the convergence transport, and then make the atmospheric water vapor net transport increase or decrease over the Qilian-Heihe valley.

关键词： water vapor transport, westerly fluctuation, Qilian-Heihe valley, northwest China, water resource.

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Evaluation of groundwater sustainability based on groundwater age simulation in the Zhangye Basin of Heihe River watershed, northwestern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第3期6卷 264-272页

作者： Heng WEI honglang xiao ZhenLiang YIN ZhiXiang LU Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Water resources, as the primary limiting factor, constrain the economic and social development in arid inland areas. The Zhangye Basin is a representative area of inland river basins, which is located in the middle parts of the Heihe River watershed, northwestern China. Facing with the huge water shortage, people exploited ground- water at a large scale in recent years. The reducing recharge from surface water and over-exploitation of ground- water led to the decline of groundwater levels and threatened the sustainability of water resources. This study con- structed a conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model and calibrated the model based on the observed wells A solute transport model was built using MT3DMS to calculate the groundwater age distribution in the Zhangye Basin. The simulated result shows that the youngest groundwater is distributed near the most upstream areas in the model domain, which is less than 1,000 a, older groundwater is distributed in deeper parts of the aquifer and near the discharge outlets, ranging from 6,000 a to over 20,000 a. Spatial variation of groundwater ages in the middle area indicates the recharge diversity between unconfined and confined aquifer. Groundwater age can serve as an indicator to evaluate groundwater＇s renewal capacity and sustainability. The formation of groundwater resources in the lower stream area would spend 10,000 a or even more than 20,000 a, so exploitation of groundwater in these areas should be restrained.

关键词： groundwater flow groundwater age numerical modeling water resource sustainability

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Ecohydrological change mechanism of a rainfed revegetation ecosystem at southeastern edge of Tengger desert,Northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第Z1期47卷 71-77页

作者： xiao honglang CHENG Guodong LI Xinrong SONG Yaoxuan WANG Xinping Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Study is made on a 45 km-long artificial ecosystem without irrigation in Tengger desert on the basis of long-term ecological monitoring and ecohydrological *** in water allocation, utilization, cycle and balance patterns in more than 40-year evolution of the soil-plant system are analyzed. The formation of a drought horizon in shrub rhizosphere and its effect, ecohydrological function of the crust and its effect on the soil-plant system change are discussed. Driven by water self-regulation and water stress, the soil-plant system is going to develop towards the steppe desert to ensure more effective use and optimum collocation of water resource.

关键词： ecohydrology, artificial ecosystem, soil-plant evolution, water balance, drought horizon, bio-crust, Chinese desert.

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An ultrasonic humidification fluorescent tracing method for detecting unsaturated atmospheric water absorption by the aerial parts of desert plants

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第2期8卷 272-283页

作者： WANG xiaohua xiao honglang REN Juan CHENG Yiben YANG Qiu Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology in Inland River Basin Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences

Atmospheric water absorption by plants has been explored for more than two centuries, and the aerial parts of plants, particularly the leaves of certain species, have been demonstrated to have an ability to absorb and utilize saturated atmospheric water such as fog, dew and condensed water. So far, however, there have been few studies on the aerial parts of desert plants in their absorption of unsaturated water from the atmosphere. This study presents an ultrasonic humidification fluorescent tracing method of detecting unsaturated atmospheric water absorption by the aerial parts of desert plants. We constructed an organic glass room based on the sizes of field plants. Then, the aboveground parts of the plants were humidified in the sealed glasshouse using an ultrasonic humidifier containing fluorescent reagents. The humidity and wetting time were controlled by turning on or off the humidifier according to the reading of a thermo-hygrometer suspended in the glasshouse. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to observe these plant samples. This method can generate unsaturated atmospheric water vapor and incorporate other fluorescent reagents or water-soluble chemical reagents for gasified humidification. In addition, it can identify plant parts that absorb unsaturated atmospheric water from the air, detect water absorption sites on the surface of leaves or tender stems, and determine the ability of tissues or microstructure of aerial parts to absorb water. This method provides a direct visual evidence for the inspection of leaf or tender stem microstructure in response to unsaturated atmospheric water absorption. Moreover, this method shows that aqueous pores in the cuticles of leaves or tender stems of desert plants are large enough to allow the passage of ionic fluorescent brightener with a molecular weight of up to 917 g/mol. Thus, this paper provides an important approach that explores the mechanism by which desert plants utilize unsaturated atmospheric water.

关键词： ultrasonic humidification fluorescent tracer desert plants unsaturated atmospheric water sites of waterabsorption aqueous pores drought environments

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Integrated study of the water–ecosystem–economy in the Heihe River Basin

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National Science Review 2014年第3期1卷 413-428页

作者： Guodong Cheng Xin Li Wenzhi Zhao Zhongmin Xu Qi Feng Shengchun xiao honglang xiao Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

The ecological water diversion project in the Heihe River Basin is the irst successful case in China in which the ecological systems in a river basin have been rescued. his project serves as a valuable example for the management of ecosystems in other inland river basins. his paper reviews the integrated studies of the water–ecosystem–economy relationship in the Heihe River Basin and concludes that sustainable development in inland river basins requires the basin to be considered as a whole, with the relationships between the upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the basin coordinated appropriately. Successful development in these basins will be relected in an improved output per cubic meter of water and the implementation of integrated river basin management practices.

关键词： Heihe River Basin water–ecosystem–economy integrated study climate change human activity ecological water diversion

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Simulation of hydrological processes of mountainous watersheds in inland river basins: taking the Heihe Mainstream River as an example

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第1期6卷 16-26页

作者： ZhenLiang YIN honglang xiao SongBing ZOU Rui ZHU ZhiXiang LU YongChao LAN YongPing SHEN Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University

The hydrological processes of mountainous watersheds in inland river basins are *** is absolutely significant to quantify mountainous runoff for social,economic and ecological *** paper takes the mountainous watershed of the Heihe Mainstream River as a study area to simulate the hydrological processes of mountainous watersheds in inland river basins by using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)*** simulation results show that both the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and the determination coefficient values of the calibration period(January 1995 to December 2002)and validation period(January 2002 to December 2009)are higher than 0.90,and the percent bias is controlled within±5%,indicating that the simulation results are *** to the SWAT performance,we discussed the yearly and monthly variation trends of the mountainous runoff and the runoff *** results show that from 1996 to 2009,an indistinctive rising trend was observed for the yearly mountainous runoff,which is mainly recharged by lateral flow,and followed by shallow groundwater runoff and surface *** monthly variation demonstrates that the mountainous runoff decreases slightly from May to July,contrary to other *** mountainous runoff is mainly recharged by shallow groundwater runoff in January,February,and from October to December,by surface runoff in March and April,and by lateral flow from May to September.

关键词： hydrological process mountainous runoff inland river basin soil and water assessment tool the Heihe Mainstream River

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Dynamic evaluation of groundwater resources in Zhangye Basin

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第3期8卷 250-262页

作者： LiNa Mi honglang xiao ZhengLiang Yin ShengChun xiao Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences/Heihe Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin ScienceLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Groundwater resource is vital to the sustainable development of socio-economics in arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China. An estimation of the groundwater resources variation in Zhangye Basin was made during 1985-2013 based on long-term groundwater observation data and geostatistical method. The results show that from 1985 to 2013, groundwater storage exhibited tremendous dissimilarity on temporal and spatial scale for the whole Zhangye Basin, especially before and after implementation of the water diversion policy. Trend of groundwater storage varied from quick to slow decline or increase. The accumulative groundwater storage decreased nearly 47.52~ 108 m3, and annual average depletion rate reached 1.64x 108 m3/a. Among which, the accumulative groundwater storage of the river and well water mixed irrigation district decreased by 37.48x 108 m3, accounting for about 78.87% of the total groundwater depletion of the Zhangye Basin. Accumulative depletion of groundwater storage varied in respective irrigation districts. Though groundwater resources depletion rate slowed down from 2005, the overall storage in the whole basin and re- spective districts during 1985-2013 was still in a severe deficit such that, the groundwater resource was in a rather negative balance, which could threaten the local aquifer. This is the joint effect of climate change and human activities, however human activities, such as water diversion policy and groundwater exploitation, became increasingly intense. Our research results could provide a reasonable estimation for the groundwater balance in Zhangye Basin, providing a scientific basis for water resources unified planning and, this method can provide a relatively reliable way of estimation for large scale groundwater resources.

关键词： groundwater resources dynamic evaluation grotmdwater storage Zhangye Basin

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Water use measurement by non-irrigated Tamarix ramosissima in arid regions of Northwest China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2015年第2期7卷 146-156页

作者： Shuang Li honglang xiao YiBen Cheng Fang Wang School of History and Tourism Shaanxi University of Technology Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. is a typical hardy desert plant growing in arid regions of Northwest China. Sap flow in stems of Z ramosissima plants were measured continuously to determine the diurnal and seasonal variations of sap flow and to understand the water requirements of this species and the response of sap flow to meteorological factors. This article compared the sap flow rate measured by the heat balance method with the transpiration rate measured by rapid weighing, and validated that heat balance sap flow gauges were reliable for monitoring transpiration. The influence of meteorological factors on stem sap flow during the growing season was： solar radiation 〉 vapor pressure deficit 〉 air temperature 〉 rela- tive humidity 〉 wind speed. Bidirectional sap flows occurred at night, and negative sap flow generally corresponded to high atmospheric humidity. The average error in predicted sap flow rate ranged from -0.78% to 14.00% from June to September and for transpiration the average error was 8.19%. Therefore, based on the functional equations between sap flow and meteorological factors as well as sapwood area, transpiration of an individual plant, and even the stand-level transpiration, can be estimated accurately through extrapolation.

关键词： Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. heat balance method sap flow transpiration meteorological factors

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Microcoring and dendrometer-detected intra-annual wood formation of Populus euphratica in the Ejina Oasis,northwestern China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第1期9卷 54-66页

作者： xiaoMei Peng ShengChun xiao GuoDong Cheng QuanYan Tian honglang xiao Key Laboratory ofEcohydrology of Inland River Basin Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Seasonal stem radial growth and wood formation of trees have become research hotspots because of their significance for dendroclimatological and dendroecological studies. However, until recently, these studies concentrated on coniferous tree species in high-altitude and high-latitude regions,while detailed information on arid-zone riparian forests is scarce. The main focus of this study is to monitor the intra-annual dynamics of radial growth and tree ring formation in a deciduous species, Populus euphratica. In 2013, we combined the dendrometer and microcoring methods to study this species in the riparian forest of the Ejina Oasis, in arid northwestern China. Vessel enlargement began in early May, and the maximum rate of cell production occurred in early June. The cell division then ceased from early to mid-July. The dendrometer method failed to reliably detect the date of growth initiation and cessation, but succeeded to detect the time of maximum growth rate just like the microcoring method did. We found that weekly stem radial increment data described xylem growth more accurately than daily datasets. Based on correlation analysis among climatic and hydrologic variables, and weekly stem radial increment, weekly ring width increase dataset, the depth to groundwater was the main factor that limited tree ring growth. From a practical perspective, such studies of intra-annual wood formation can provide empirical guidance for seasonal water allocations within a river basin.

关键词： stem radial growth xylem growth climate groundwater depth riparian forest Heihe River northwestern China

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