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Effects of oxidants on the degradation of tributyl phosphate under supercritical water oxidation conditions

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第3期33卷 160-171页

作者： Qiang Qin Xiao-Bin Xia Shi-Bin Li Shuai Wang hong-jun ma Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The effects of additional oxidants,such as NaNO_(3),Na_(2)S_(2)O_(3),KClO_(4),and K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7),on the supercritical water oxidation(SCWO)of tributyl phosphate(TBP)were *** coupling of an ionic oxidant with SCWO can effectively enhance the oxidative degradation ability of the system,thus increasing its organic-matter-removal efficiency at a reduced reaction ***,the addition of NaNO_(3),KClO_(4),or K_(2)Cr_(2)O_(7)could improve this efficiency at a reaction temperature of 500℃compared with that of the original system at 550℃.Additionally,based on the conditions adopted in this study,the addition of either of these oxidants could reduce the final total organic carbon(TOC)of the effluent from~500 tomaintaining the TOC removal at>99%.The effects of the ionic oxidants on the gas products,including CO_(2),CO,H_(2),and CH_(4),as well as other organic gases,have also been *** these gas products,CO_(2)accounted for the main gas product with a proportion of more than ***mainly CO_(2)when the temperature was increased to≥500℃.This study initially revealed the enhancement effect of ionic oxidants on SCWO,which still requires further research.

关键词： Supercritical water oxidation Ionic oxidant Organic wastes

Decomposition of oil cleaning agents from nuclear power plants by supercritical water oxidation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第4期33卷 83-95页

作者： Shi-Bin Li Xiao-Bin Xia Qiang Qin Shuai Wang hong-jun ma Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Oil cleaning agents generated from nuclear power plants(NPPs)are radioactive organic liquid *** date,because there are no satisfactory industrial treatment measures,these wastes can only be stored for a long *** this work,the optimization for the supercritical water oxidation(SCWO)of the spent organic solvent was *** main process parameters of DURSET(oil cleaning agent)SCWO,such as temperature,reaction time,and excess oxygen coefficient,were optimized using response surface methodology,and a quadratic polynomial model was *** determination coefficient(R^(2))of the model is 0.9812,indicating that the model is *** optimized process conditions were at 515 C,66 s,and an excess oxygen coefficient of 211%.Under these conditions,the chemical oxygen demand removal of organic matter could reach 99.5%.The temperature was found to be the main factor affecting the SCWO *** and benzene-based compounds may be the main intermediates in DURSET *** work provides basic data for the industrialization of the degradation of spent organic solvents from NPP using SCWO technology.

关键词： Supercritical water oxidation Oil cleaning agent Nuclear power plants Response surface methodology

Properties of phosphate glass waste forms containing fluorides from a molten salt reactor

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2016年第3期27卷 96-102页

作者： Ya-Ping Sun Xiao-Bin Xia Yan-Bo Qiao Zhong-Qi Zhao hong-jun ma Xue-Yang Liu Zheng-Hua Qian Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Radioactive fluoride wastes are generated during the operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs) and reprocessing of their spent *** of these wastes in borosilicate glass is not feasible because of the very low solubility of fluorides in this *** candidates are thus an active topic of research including phosphatebased glasses,crystalline ceramics,and hybrid glass-ceramic *** this study,mixed fluorides were employed as simulated MSRs waste and incorporated into sodium aluminophosphate glass to obtain phosphate-based waste *** waste forms were characterized by X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,and scanning electron *** tests were performed in deionized water using the product consistency test A *** study demonstrates that up to 20 mol%of simulated radioactive waste can be introduced into the NaA1 P glass matrix,and the chemical durability is much better than that of *** addition of Fe_2O_3 in the NaAlP glass matrix results in increases of the chemical durability at the expense of fluoride loading(to 6.4 mol%).Phosphate glass vitrification of radioactive waste containing fluorides is a potential method to treat and dispose of MSR wastes.

关键词：磷酸盐玻璃玻璃废物含氟化物放射性废物处理扫描电子显微镜熔盐堆硼硅酸盐玻璃化学耐久性

Experimental research on the launching system of auxiliary charge with filter cartridge structure

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 41-48页

作者： Zi-jun Chen Ze He hong-Hao ma Lu-Qing Wang Zhao-Wu Shen CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027PR China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026PR China

A launching system with a filter cartridge structure was proposed to improve the muzzle velocity of the *** combustion chamber of the launching system is divided into two fixed chambers,one is located in the breech chamber,and the other is arranged in the *** breech chamber charge was ignited first,and the charges in the auxiliary chambers were ignited by the high-temperature,highpressure combustible gas trailing the *** this way,the combustible gas in the auxiliary chambers could compensate for the pressure drop caused by the movement of the *** proposed device features the advantage of launching a projectile with high muzzle velocity without exceeding the maximum pressure in the *** order to obtain some internal ballistic characteristics of the launch system,some critical structure,such as the length of the filter cartridge auxiliary charge,the combustion degree of the propellant in the chamber,and the length of the barrel,are *** experimental results show that with the increased auxiliary charge length,a pressure plateau or even a secondary peak pressure can be formed,which is less than the peak *** projectile velocity increased by 23.57%,14.64%,and 7.65%when the diaphragm thickness was 0 mm,1 mm,and2 mm,*** muzzle velocity of the projectile can be increased by 13.42%by increasing the length of the *** the same charge condition,with the increase of barrel length,the energy utilization rate of propellant increases by 28.64%.

关键词： Interior ballistics Charge structures Launch system Charge design

Fast charge transfer kinetics in Sv-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/Sb_(2)S_(3)S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 533-542页

作者： Wei Li Jia-jun Li Zhi-Fei Liu hong-Yu ma Peng-Fei Fang Rui Xiong Jian-hong Wei Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education School of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

Constructing a S-scheme heterojunction with tight interface contact and fast charge transfer is beneficial to improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ***,a unique one-dimensional(1D)/two-dimensional(2D)S-scheme heterojunction containing 1D Sb_(2)S_(3) nanorods and 2D ZnIn_(2)S_(4) with affluent sulfur vacancies(denoted as Sv-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)@Sb_(2)S_(3)) was *** introduced sulfur vacancy can promote the effective adsorption of H+for the following interfacial hydrogen-evolution ***,the larger contact area and stronger electron interaction between Sb_(2)S_(3) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4) effectively inhibits the recombination of photo-generated electron–hole pairs and abridges the migration distance of *** a result,the optimal Sv-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)@Sb_(2)S_(3) sample achieves H_(2) evolution activity of 2741.3 mol·h^(−1)·g^(−1),which is 8.6 times that of pristine ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and 3.0 times that of the Sv-ZnIn_(2)S_(4) *** on the experimental result,the photo-reactivity S-scheme mechanism of hydrogen evolution from water splitting with Sv-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)@Sb_(2)S_(3) is *** work provides an effective method for developing S-scheme heterojunction composites of transition metal sulfide with high hydrogen evolution performance.

关键词： ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets S-scheme heterojunction Sulfur vacancy Charge transfer and separation Photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

High-entropy oxide-supported platinum nanoparticles for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1537-1546页

作者： Ming-Yu Fan Jia-jun Wang jun Zhao hong Zhang Tian-Yi ma Xiao-Peng Han Wen-Bin Hu School of materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhou350207China School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia

High-entropy oxides(HEOs)are a new class of single-phase structures with unique electronic and catalytic properties;therefore,it is worthwhile to explore their applications in *** this study,a Pt/(FeCoNiCrAl)_(3)O_(4)nanohybrid using HEO as a support was developed as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Pt/(FeCoNiCrAl)_(3)O_(4)exhibited high HER activity with a low overpotential of 22 mV at10 ma·cm^(-2),outperforming other binary,ternary,and quaternary *** HER activity of Pt/(FeCoNiCrAl)_(3)O_(4)was higher than that of a commercial Pt/C with a significantly lower Pt *** catalyst exhibited good activity and long-term stability(60 h)in an electrolytic water-splitting *** good activity can be attributed to the fact that the introduction of Pt effectively facilitates electronic interactions between Pt and the *** addition,the HEO substrate was more favorable for dispersing Pt particles,optimizing the electrochemical specific surface area,and significantly reducing the charge resistance of the *** study extends the application of HEOs in electrocatalysis and demonstrates the promising prospects of HEOs as supports for electrocatalysts.

关键词： High-entropy oxides Hydrogen evolution reaction Nanohybrid Water electrolysis

Study of the reaction mechanism for preparing powdered activated coke with SO_(2)adsorption capability via one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 158-168页

作者： Binxuan Zhou Jingcai Chang jun Li Jinglan hong Tao Wang Liqiang Zhang Ping Zhou Chunyuan ma School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandong University Weihai 264209China

In this study,the impact of different reaction times on the preparation of powdered activated carbon(PAC)using a one-step rapid activation method under flue gas atmosphere is investigated,and the underlying reaction mechanism is *** indicate that the reaction process of this method can be divided into three stages:stage I is the rapid release of volatiles and the rapid consumption of O_(2),primarily occurring within a reaction time range of 0-0.5 s;stage II is mainly the continuous release and diffusion of volatiles,which is the carbonization and activation coupling reaction stage,and the carbonization process is the main in this *** stage mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 0.5 -2.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 0.5-3.0 s when JJ-coal is used as material;stage III is mainly the activation stage,during which activated components diffuse to both the surface and interior of *** stage mainly involves the reaction stage of CO_(2)and H2O(g)activation,and it mainly occurs at the reaction time range of 2.0-4.0 s when SL-coal is used as material,and that is 3.0-4.0 s when JJ-coal is used as ***,the main function of the first two stages is to provide more diffusion channels and contact surfaces/activation sites for the diffusion and activation of the activated components in the third *** the reaction mechanism would serve as a crucial reference and foundation for designing the structure,size of the reactor,and optimal positioning of the activator nozzle in PAC preparation.

关键词： Reaction mechanism Powdered activated coke preparation SO_(2)adsorption One-step rapid activation Flue gas atmosphere

Legacy of herbicides in water from Hailun City,Northeast China:Occurrence,source,and ecological risk assessment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第11期145卷 50-63页

作者： jun ma Wenjie Ren hongzhe Wang Jiayin Song junfeng Jia hong Chen Changyin Tan Ying Teng School of Geographic Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of materials and Chemistry Tongren UniversityTongren 554300China

Herbicides(HBCs)are extensively used in modern ***,their potential negative impacts on environmental media have emerged as a significant environmental *** this study,we employed positivematrix factorization(PMF)to identify the potential sources of ***,we utilized amulti-matrix ecological riskmodel to assess the risks associated with HBCs in both surface water and groundwater in the black soil region of Northeast *** findings revealed that the levels of15HBCs in surface water and groundwater ranged from585.84 to 6466.96 ng/L and 4.80 to 11,774.64 ng/L,*** PMF results indicated that surface runoff and erosion accounted for 50%of the total HBCs in water,serving as the primary *** tested HBCs exhibited acute risk values within acceptable *** risk index for the∑15HBCs was categorized as“moderate risk”in 31%of the surface waters and 13%of the ***,4%of the groundwater sampling sites reached the“high risk”*** chronic risk quotient of∑15HBCs in surface water and groundwater was 92%and 62%at the“high risk”level,***,noncarcinogenic HBCs contributed more significantly to the ecotoxicology of the aquatic system than carcinogenic *** study provides comprehensive information on the legacy of HBCs in water bodies and emphasizes the potential risks posed by HBCs to aquatic *** results obtained from this study could help relevant management authorities in developing and implementing effective regulations tomitigate the ecological and environmental risks associated with HBCs.

关键词： Herbicide Surface and groundwater Source apportionment Ecological risk assessment

Evolutionary stages and disk properties of young stellar objects in the Perseus cloud

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第8期15卷 1294-1324页

作者： hong-Xin Zhang Yu Gao Min Fang Hai-Bo Yuan Ying-He Zhao Rui-Xiang Chang Xue-Jian Jiang Xiao-Wei Liu A-Li Luo hong-jun ma Zheng-Yi Shao Xiao-Long Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Astronomy Peking University Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy Camino EI Observatorio #1515Las CondesSantiagoChile Instituto de Astrofísica Facultad de FísicaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileAv.Vicuna Mackenna 48607820436 MaculSantiagoChile Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de madrid 28049 CantoblancoMadridSpain Infrared Processing and Analysis Center California Institute of TechnologyMS 100-22PasadenaCA 91125USA Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences

We investigated the evolutionary stages and disk properties of 211 young stellar objects（YSOs） across the Perseus cloud by modeling their broadband optical to mid-infrared（IR） spectral energy distribution（SED）. Our optical gri photometry data were obtained from the recently finished Purple Mountain Observatory Xuyi Schmidt Telescope Photometric Survey of the Galactic Anti-center（XSTPS-GAC）.About 81% of our sample fall into the Stage II phase which is characterized by having optically thick disks, while 14% into the Stage I phase characterized by having significant infalling envelopes, and the remaining 5% into the Stage Ⅲ phase characterized by having optically thin disks. The median stellar age and mass of the Perseus YSOs are 3.1 Myr and 0.3 M⊙ respectively. By exploring the relationships among the turnoff wave bands λturnoff（longward of which significant IR excesses above the stellar photosphere are observed）, the excess spectral index αexcess as determined for λ 〉 λturnoff, and the disk inner radius Rin（determined from SED modeling） for YSOs at different evolutionary stages, we found that the median and standard deviation of αexcess for YSOs with optically thick disks tend to increase withλturnoff, especially at λturnoff ≥5.8 μm, whereas the median fractional dust luminosities Ldust/L★ tend to decrease with increasing λturnoff. This points to an inside-out process of disk clearing for small dust grains. Moreover, a positive correlation between αexcess and Rin was found at α〉excess ～ 0 and R〉in～ 10 × the dust sublimation radius Rsub, irrespective of λturnoff, Ldust/L★ and disk flaring. This suggests that the outer disk flaring either does not evolve synchronously with the inside-out disk clearing of small dust grains or has little appreciable influence on the spectral slopes at λ〈～ 24 μm. About 23% of our YSO disks are classified as transitional disks, which haveλturnoff ≥ 5.8 μm and Ldust/L★ 〉 10-3. The transitional disks and full disks occupy distinctly differe

关键词： stars: formation—stars: low-mass—stars: pre-main sequence—individual: Perseus Cloud—circumstellar matter—protoplanetary