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Yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen-fertilized croplands in China: A meta-analysis of contrasting mitigation scenarios

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 231-242页

作者： Garba ALIYU jiafa LUO hong j.di Deyan LIU junji YUAN Zengming CHEN Tiehu HE Weixin diNG State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China) AgResearch Limited Ruakura Research CentreHamilton 3240(New Zealand) Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7646(New Zealand)

Nitrogen(N) losses in cropland resulting from the application of synthetic fertilizers decrease crop productivity and exacerbate environmental *** measures, such as reduction in N fertilizer application rates, can have unintentional adverse effects on crop yield. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil N_(2)O emissions from agricultural fields across China under contrasting mitigation scenarios as a novel approach to identify the most effective strategy for the mitigation of emissions of N_(2)O derived from N fertilizer use in China. Current standard agricultural practice was used as a baseline scenario(BS), and 12 potential mitigation scenarios(S1–S12) were derived from the available literature and comprised single and combinations of management scenarios that accounted for crop yield. Mitigation scenarios S6(nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) and S11(20% reduction in N application rate plus nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) in maize, rice, and wheat crops led to an average 56.0% reduction in N_(2)O emissions at the national level, whereas scenario S4(nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide) led to yield optimization, with a 14.0% increase for maize and 8.0% increase for rice as compared to the BS. Implementation of these most effective mitigation scenarios(S4, S6, and S11) might help China, as a signatory to the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(Paris Agreement), to achieve a 30% reduction in N_(2)O emissions by 2030.

关键词： crop yield emission factor nitrification inhibitor nitrogen partial factor productivity N_(2)O emission yield-scaled emission

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Potential Secretory Transporters and Biosynthetic Precursors of Biological Nitrification Inhibitor 1,9-Decanediol in Rice as Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses

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Rice science 2024年第1期31卷 87-102页

作者： di Dongwei MA Mingkun ZHANG Xiaoyang LU Yufang Herbert j.KRONZUCKER SHI Weiming State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Food Science and Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000China School of BioSciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Biological nitrification inhibitors(BNIs)are released from plant roots and inhibit the nitrification activity of microorganisms in soils,reducing NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions,and increasing nitrogenuse efficiency(NUE).Several recent studies have focused on the identification of new BNIs,yet little is known about the genetic loci that govern their biosynthesis and *** applied a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to investigate possible biosynthetic pathways and transporters involved in the biosynthesis and release of BNI 1,9-decanediol(1,9-D),which was previously identified in rice root *** results linked four fatty acids,icosapentaenoic acid,linoleate,norlinolenic acid,and polyhydroxy-α,ω-divarboxylic acid,with 1,9-D biosynthesis and three transporter families,namely the ATP-binding cassette protein family,the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family,and the major facilitator superfamily,with 1,9-D release from roots into the soil *** finding provided candidates for further work on the genes implicated in the biosynthesis and secretion of 1,9-D and pinpoint genetic loci for crop breeding to improve NUE by enhancing 1,9-D secretion,with the potential to reduce NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.

关键词： 1,9-decanediol biological nitrification inhibitor metabolomic analysis nitrogen-use efficiency transcriptomic analysis

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Motor cortical circuit adaptations in parkinsonism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2107-2108页

作者： hong-Yuan Chu Department of Neurodegenerative Science Van Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMIUSA Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network

Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta,which leads to the featured motor impairment of parki... 详细信息

关键词： parkin impairment rigidity

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Long-term Integration Ability of the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line Receivers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-Ru Wang di Li Paul F.Goldsmith jingwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai Rudolf Schieder Gary j.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center for Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the first space telescope capable of high spectral resolution observations of terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of its two receivers and spectrometer during five and a half years of on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected from the radiometer equation,without any sign of approaching a noise *** noise performance reflects the extremely stable performance of the passively cooled front end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lifetime.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands

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Quantitative Applications of Weather Satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： jun LI jing ZHENG Bo LI Min MIN Yanan LIU Chian-Yi LIU Zhenglong LI WPaul MENZEL Timothy j.SCHMIT john L.CINTINEO Scott LINDSTROM Scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA di di Han LIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

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Plume-lithosphere interaction in the Comei Large Igneous Province: Evidence from two types of mafic dykes in Gyangze, south Tibet, China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 80-90页

作者： Ya-ying Wang Ling-sen Zeng Li-e Gao Li-long Yan Ling-hao Zhao jia-hao Gao Ying-long di Guang-xu Li Yi-hong Tian Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China National Research Center for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China China Nonferrous Metals(Guilin)Geology and Mining Co. LtdGuilin 541004China

Two suites of mafic dykes,T1193-A and T1194-A,outcrop in Gyangze area,southeast *** are in the area of Comei LIP and have indistinguishable field occurrences with two other dykes in Gyangze,T0902 dyke with 137.7±1.3 Ma zircon age and T0907 dyke with 142±1.4 Ma zircon age reported by Wang YY et al.(2016),indicating coeval formation *** all the four diabase dykes into consideration,two different types,OIB-type and weak enriched-type,can be ***“OIB-type”samples,including T1193-A and T0907 dykes,show OIB-like geochemical features and have initial Sr-Nd isotopic values similar with most mafic products in Comei Large Igneous Provinces(LIP),suggesting that they represent melts directly generated from the Kerguelen mantle ***“weak enriched-type”samples,including T1194-A and T0902 dykes,have REEs and trace element patterns showing withinplate affinity but have obvious Nb-Ta-Ti negative *** show uniform lowerεNd(t)values(−6‒−2)and higher 87Sr/86Sr(t)values(0.706‒0.709)independent of their MgO variation,indicating one enriched mantle *** their closely spatial and temporal relationship with the widespread Comei LIP magmatic products in Tethyan Himalaya,these“weak enriched-type”samples are consistent with mixing of melts from mantle plume and the above ancient Tethyan Himalaya subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM)in different *** weak enriched mafic rocks in Comei LIP form one special rock group and most likely suggest large scale hot mantle plume-continental lithosphere *** process may lead to strong modification of the Tethyan Himalaya lithosphere in the Early Cretaceous.

关键词： OIB type diabase Comei Large Igneous Province Weakly enriched diabase Plume-lithosphere interaction Nb-Ta-Ti negative anomaly Kerguelen plume Geological survey engineering Tibet Plateau

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Reynolds-number scaling analysis on lift generation of a flapping and passive rotating wing with an inhomogeneous mass distribution

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Chinese journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 259-269页

作者： Suyang QIN Haotian HANG Yang XIANG hong LIU j.C.Wu center for aerodynamics school of aeronautics and astronauticsshanghai jiao tong universityshanghai 200240china

Insects usually fly by passively rotating wings,which has been applied to the design of flapping-wing Micro-Air Vehicles(MAVs)to reduce mechanical *** this paper,a robotic passive rotating-wing model is designed to investigate wing kinematics and lift generation,which are measured by a high-speed camera and a force transducer,*** addition,flow fields are measured using the Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).Experimental results demonstrate that passive rotating motion has a coordinative relationship with actively stroking *** the stroke amplitude or frequency increases,the rotating amplitude is *** characterize the active stroking motion,a driving Reynolds number Redrivingis defined,which varies from 68 to 366 in this *** the gravity center of the wing towards trailing ed ge induces the increase of additional torque M,which decreases the wing rotating amplitude and promotes the advance of wing *** find that the timing of wing rotation is gradually delayed and the mean lift coefficient C^(-)_(L)monotonously decreases as *** increasing the additional torque M,C^(-)_(L)is slightly improved and approaches to the lift coefficient of a real fruit fly at driving Re approximately equal to *** instantaneous lifts combined with the vortical structures further demonstrate that the lift generation associated with wing rotation is mainly attributed to the growth of the LeadingEdge Vortex(LEV)and the passive wake capture *** wake capture is influenced by LEV,reversal stroke motion and wing additional torque together,which can only maintain the lift at a high level for a considerable *** high-lift generation mechanisms of flapping and passive rotating flight could shed light on the simplified design of MAVs and the improvement of their aerodynamic performance.

关键词： Flapping flight Unsteady lift Passive rotation Vortex flow Leading-edge vortex

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Concerted Steric and Electronic Strategy in Thermostable Salicylaldiminato Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene(Co)polymerization

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Chinese journal of Polymer Science 2024年第8期42卷 1085-1092页

作者： hong-Yu ji hong-Liang Mu Chun-Feng Tang Yu-Xing Zhang Yue Chi Zhong-Bao jian Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringChangchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China

Olefin polymerization is one of the most im portant chemical reactions in *** work presents a strategy that emphasizes the synergistic meta/poro-steric hindrance of N-aryl groups and electronic effects in newly synthesized neutral salicylaldiminato nickel *** nickel(Ⅱ)catalysts exhibit exceptional thermostability,ranging from 30℃to 130℃,demonstrating enhanced catalytic activities and broadly regulated polyethylene molecular weights(3-341 kg·mol^(-1))and controlled polymer branch density(2-102 brs/1000C).The preferred catalyst Ni3 with concerted steric and electronic effects enables the production of solid-state semi-crystalline polyethylene materials at temperatures below 90℃.Notably,Ni3 exhibits an impressive tolerance of 110℃and can withstand even the challenging polymerization temperature of 130℃,leading to the production of polyethylene wax and ***,functionalized polyethylene is produced.

关键词： Polyolefin Salicylaldiminato ligand Nickel catalyst Oil Wax

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Optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 141-148页

作者： YanZuo Chen ShaoGang Yu Tao jiang Xiaojun Liu XinBin Cheng di Huang State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital OpticsInstitute of Precision Optical Engineeringand School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Exciton physics in atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)holds paramount importance for fundamental physics research and prospective ***,the experimental exploration of exciton physics,including excitonic coherence dynamics,exciton many-body interactions,and their optical properties,faces challenges stemming from factors such as spatial heterogeneity and intricate many-body *** this perspective,we elaborate upon how optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy(2DCS)emerges as an effective tool to tackle the challenges,and outline potential directions for gaining deeper insights into exciton physics in forthcoming experiments with the advancements in 2DCS techniques and new materials.

关键词： monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy

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A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine detection in aquatic products based on the enzyme mimics and fluorescence of cobalt-doped carbon nitride

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 879-884页

作者： Xin Wang Chengyi hong Zhengzhong Lin Zhiyong Huang College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypoxanthine(Hx)detection was established based on the mimic enzyme and fluorescence characteristics of cobalt-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride(Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)).In addition to emitting strong fluorescence,the peroxidase activity of Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze the reaction of O-phenylenediamine and H_(2)O_(2)to produce diallyl phthalate which can emit yellow fluorescence at 570 *** the decomposition of Hx by xanthine oxidase,Hx can be indirectly detected by the generating hydrogen peroxide based on the measurement of fluorescent ratio I(F_(570)/F_(370)).The linear range was 1.7-272.2 mg/kg(R^(2)=0.997),and the detection limit was 1.52 mg/kg(3σ/K,n=9).The established method was applied to Hx detection in bass,grass carp,and shrimp,and the data were verified by *** result shows that the established probe is sensitive,accurate,and reliable,and can be used for Hx detection in aquatic products.

关键词： Co doped g-C_(3)N_(4) Ratiometric fluorescent probe Hypoxanthine Freshness Aquatic products

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