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Nutrient transport following water transfer through the world's largest water diversion channel

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 703-714页

作者： Yuanhui cheng hong Zhang Wei Yin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute Wuhan 430051China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nutrient levels in the artificial channel constructed for the Middle Route Project are significant indicators of water quality safety and aquatic ecological integrity for this large,interbasin scheme.However,the distribution and transport of nutrients along the channel were poorly understood.Based on a time-series dataset as well as mass balance and material flow analysis methods,the water and nutrient transport fluxes in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were identified in this study.The results indicate that the nutrient concentrations varied considerably with time,but there was no significant difference among the 30 stations of the main channel.Seasonal temperature difference was the major factor in the large fluctuations of water quality indicators over time.The nutrient loadings varied with the water volume outputs from the main channel to the waterreceiving cities.Atmospheric deposition was an important source of nutrients in the main channel,accounting for 9.13%,20.6%,and 0.635%of the nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur input from the Danjiangkou Reservoir,respectively.In 2021,a net accumulation of 988 tons of N,29 tons of P,and 2,540 tons of S,respectively,were present in the main channel.The increase of these external and internal nutrient loadings would cause water quality fluctuation and deterioration in some local sections of the main channel.Our study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of nutrient transport in the Middle Route and revealed the ecological effects on the aquatic environment,assisting authorities on the project to develop effective water conservation strategies.

关键词： Nutrient transport Spatiotemporal patterns The Middle Route The South-to-North Diversion Project Hydro-ecological effects Water-receiving cities

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and glomerulonephritis: concerns in clinical practice

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第14期132卷 1723-1732页

作者： Yi-Pu Chen Hong Cheng hong-Liang Rui hong-Rui Dong Division of Nephrology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China

Objective:Cryoglobulinemia often causes systemic vasculitis,thereby damaging to skin and internal organs including kidneys,even life-threatening.This review aimed to introduce the advances in understanding,detection,and treatment of this disease in recent years,with a particular concern to clinical practice.Data sources:All the data in this review were from the English or Chinese literature in the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases as of March 2019.Study selection:This review selected important original articles,meaningful reviews,and some reports on cryoglobulinemia published in recent years and in history,as well as the guidelines for treatment of underlying diseases which lead to cryoglobulinemia.Results:Diagnosis of cryoglobulinemia relies on serum cryoglobulin test,in which to ensure that the blood sample temperature is not less than 37℃ in the entire pre-analysis phase is the key to avoid false negative results.Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (Cryo Vas),including cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (Cryo GN),usually occurs in types Ⅱ and Ⅲ mixed cryoglobulinemia,and can also be seen in type Ⅰ cryoglobulinemia caused by monoclonal IgG3 or IgG1.Skin purpura,positive serum rheumatoid factor,and decreased serum levels of C4 and C3 are important clues for prompting types Ⅱ and Ⅲ Cryo Vas.Renal biopsy is an important means for diagnosis of Cryo GN,while membranous proliferative GN is the most common pathological type of Cryo GN.In recent years,great advances have been made in the treatment of Cryo Vas and its underlying diseases,and this review has briefly introduced these advances.Conclusions:Laboratory examinations of serum cryoglobulins urgently need standardization.The recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Cryo Vas and GN need to be popularized among the clinicians in related disciplines.

关键词： Cryoglobulin Vasculitis Glomerulonephritis Monoclonal immunoglobulin Hepatitis C virus Autoimmune disease

Alentiana palinpoda,a new commensal polynoid species from a seamount in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第12期40卷 12-19页

作者： Yueyun Wang Hong Cheng Chunsheng Wang Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519080China

Alentiana has only one member,A.aurantiaca(Verrill,1885),commensal with sea anemone(Bolocera tuediae).Here,Alentiana palinpoda sp.nov.,a second member in the genus Alentiana(subfamily Lepidastheniinae),a new commensal polynoid is described,based on a specimen collected from a deep-water seamount in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.The new species is characterized by large elytra that completely cover the dorsum and are present in every third segment in the posterior regions.Neuropodia are truncated,with two types of neurochaetae;supraacicular chaetae toothed on one side with a slightly inflated end,and subacicular chaetae that are heavy and smooth;the prechaetal lobe is larger than the postchaetal lobe,with the ventral part rolling upward and backward.

关键词： Polynoidae new species systematics taxonomy commensalism

Government environmental control measures on CO_(2) emission during the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing:Perspectives from a top-down approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 165-178页

作者： cheng Hu cheng Liu Ning Hu Jun hong Xinyue Ai College of Biology and the Environment Joint Center for sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)Nanjing University of InformationScience&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution/School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering Army Engineering UniversityNanjing 210022China

Strict air pollution control measures were conducted during the Youth Olympic Games(YOG)period at Nanjing city and surrounding areas in August 2014.This event provides a unique chance to evaluate the effect of government control measures on regional atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.Many previous studies have observed significant reductions of atmospheric pollution species and improvement in air quality,while no study has quantified its synergism on anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,which can be coreduced with air pollutants.To better understand to what extent these pollution control measures have reduced anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions,we conducted atmospheric CO_(2)measurements at the suburban site in Nanjing city from 1^(st) July to 30^(th) September 2014 and 1^(st) August to 31^(st) August 2015,obvious decrease in atmospheric CO_(2)was observed between YOG and the rest period.By coupling the a prioriemission inventory with atmospheric transport model,we applied the scale factor Bayesian inversion approach to derive the posteriori CO_(2)emissions in YOG period and regular period.Results indicate CO_(2)emissions from power industry decreased by 45%,and other categories also decreased by 16%for manufacturing combusting,and 37%for non-metallic mineral production.Monthly total anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 9.8(±3.6)×10^(9) kg/month CO_(2) for regular period and decreased to 6.2(±1.9)×10^(9) kg/month during the YOG period in Nanjing city,with a 36.7%reduction.When scaling up to whole Jiangsu Province,anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions were 7.1(±2.4)×10^(10) kg/month CO_(2)for regular period and decreased to 4.4(±1.2)×10^(10)kg/month CO_(2) during the YOG period,yielding a 38.0%reduction.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Reduction measures Anthropogenic emissions Bayesian inversion

A new eyeless species of Nicon(Annelida:Nereididae)from the deep Northwest Pacific Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第12期40卷 20-26页

A new species of the nereidid annelid,genus Nicon Kinberg,1866,from KIOST Seamount,Northwest Pacific deep water is described.Nicon is a genus characterized by lacking paragnaths or papillae on the pharynx and composed of nine species worldwide,distributed from shallow water to deep sea.Nicon ablepsia sp.***.here described is characterized by the lack of eyes on the prostomium,prolonged tentacular cirri reaching to chaetiger6,notochaetae homogomph spinigers,neurochaetae homogomph spinigers and heterogomph falcigers.Phylogenetic relationships of Nicon remain undetermined based on molecular data.In this study,we constructed molecular Maximum-Likelihood phylogenetic tree from 29 nereidid species based on four marker genes:mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI)gene;nuclear 18 S rRNA gene and 28 S rRNA gene.Our analysis suggest the Nicon is clustered within Nereidinae,and nereidinae is not recovered as monophyletic.A key to species of Nicon is provided.

关键词： deep sea Nicon new species Gymnonereidinae systematics

Mixed B-site ruddlesden-popper phase Sr_(2)(Ru_(x)Ir_(1-x))O_(4) enables enhanced activity for oxygen evolution reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 623-629,I0015页

作者： Fangfang Wang cheng Zhang hong Yang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina

Development of high performance electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media remains a challenge for direct water splitting using an electrolyzer.Recently,Ruddlesden-Popper phase Sr_(2)IrO_(4)was discovered to be an efficient OER catalyst because of its unique structure,which consists of layers of both rock salt and perovskite phases simultaneously.In this study,we prepared a series of B-site mixed,Ruddlesden-Popper phase of Sr_(2)(Ru_(x)Ir_(1-x))O_(4) and examined their electrocatalytic properties for OER in acidic media.Through partial substitution of Ru in the B-site of Ruddlesden-Popper phase materials,we achieved much enhanced OER performance for this series of Sr_(2)(Ru_(x)Ir_(1-x))O_(4)electrocatalysts,among which Sr_(2)(Ru_(0.5)Ir_(0.5))O_(4)exhibited the best catalytic activity with a current density of 8.06 m A/cm^(2) at 1.55 V and a Tafel slope of 47 m V/dec.This current density is three times higher than that of Sr_(2)Ir O_(4).The B-site mixed Sr_(2)(Ru_(0.5)Ir_(0.5))O_(4)retained good stability in acidic conditions for>24 h at 10 m A/cm^(2).A range of techniques were used to characterize the crystal and electronic structures of the Sr_(2)(Ru_(x)Ir_(1-x))O_(4)samples.Our data indicate that the improved OER performance can be correlated to the formation of high level of hydroxyl groups and the enhanced overlap between Ir/Ru 4d and O_(2)p orbitals,revealing a new way for the design of efficient OER electrocatalysts by regulating their composition and electronic structures.

关键词： Water splitting OER Electrocatalyst Ruddlesden-Popper Strontium ruthenium iridium oxide

Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and bone health

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Pediatric Investigation 2021年第1期5卷 6-11页

作者： hongbo Dong Xiaoyuan Zhao Hong Cheng Jie Mi Department of Non-communicable Disease Management Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina

Importance:Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for lifelong bone mineral accrual,but few studies have determined the impact of childhood adiposity on adult bone density.Objective:To determine the long-term impact of childhood adiposity on adult areal bone mineral density(aBMD)and the effect of adult adiposity on this relationship.Methods:We conducted a longitudinal study of 1156 adults(56.3%men),for whom skinfold thickness(SFT)had been measured during childhood(6-18 years)and fat mass percentage(FMP)and aBMD were measured during adulthood(29-43 years).Adult aBMD in the lumbar spine(LS),femoral neck(FN),arms,and legs was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.The direct effect of childhood SFT and its indirect effect through adult FMP on adult aBMD were estimated using general linear regression and a causal steps approach.Results:Significant positive associations between childhood SFT and adult aBMD were found in the LS in men(β=0.089,P=0.044)and in all the skeletal sites in women.With respect to the adult fat-bone relationship,high adult FMP was associated with low aBMD in most of the sites in men,but with high FN aBMD in women(β=0.144,P=0.002).Moreover,suppressive effects of adult FMP on the associations between childhood SFT and adult aBMD in the LS(-34.8%)and legs(-67.1%)of men,and a positive effect on the FN aBMD in women(17.0%)were identified.Interpretation:Childhood adiposity appears to have a positive long-term effect on adult aBMD,which may be reduced by adiposity in adult men but reinforced by adiposity in adult women.

关键词： Child Adiposity Bone mass Longitudinal studies

Fecal microbiota transplantation in childhood:past,present,and future

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第9期19卷 813-822页

作者： Xu Gu Zhao‑hong Chen Shu‑cheng Zhang Department of Pediatrics Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University36 Sanhao Street Heping DistrictShenyang 110004China Department of Radiology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina

Background Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has been well described in the treatment of pediatric diseases;however,the latest updates regarding its use in children are unclear and the concepts involved need to be revisited.Data sources We performed advanced searches in the MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases using the keywords“Fecal microbiota transplantation OR Fecal microbiota transfer”in the[Title/Abstract]to identify relevant articles published in English within the last five years.To identify additional studies,reference lists of review articles and included studies were manually searched.Retrieved manuscripts(case reports,reviews,and abstracts)were assessed by the authors.Results Among the articles,studies were based on the mechanism(n=28),sample preparation(n=9),delivery approaches(n=23),safety(n=26),and indications(n=67),including Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)and recurrent C.difficile infection(rCDI;n=21),non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD;n=10),irritable bowel syndrome(IBS;n=5),inflammatory bowel disease(IBD;n=15),diabetes(n=5),functional constipation(FC;n=4),and autism spectrum disorder(ASD;n=7).Conclusions Concepts of FMT in pediatric diseases have been updated with respect to underlying mechanisms,methodology,indications,and safety.Evidence-based clinical trials for the use of FMT in pediatric diseases should be introduced to resolve the challenges of dosage,duration,initiation,and the end point of treatment.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Children Clostridium difficile infection Fecal microbiota transplantation Functional constipation Safety

Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurements Using Photoplethysmography with Modified LRCN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1973-1986页

作者： Chih-Ta Yen cheng-hong Liao Department of Electrical Engineering Taiwan Ocean UniversityKeelung City202301Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Formosa UniversityYunlin County632Taiwan

In this study,single-channel photoplethysmography(PPG)signals were used to estimate the heart rate(HR),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and systolic blood pressure(SBP).A deep learning model was proposed using a long-term recurrent convolutional network(LRCN)modified from a deep learning algorithm,the convolutional neural network model of the modified inception deep learning module,and a long short-term memory network(LSTM)to improve the model’s accuracy of BP and HR measurements.The PPG data of 1,551 patients were obtained from the University of California Irvine Machine Learning Repository.How to design a filter of PPG signals and how to choose the loss functions for deep learning model were also discussed in the study.Finally,the stability of the proposed model was tested using a 10-fold cross-validation,with an MAE±SD of 2.942±5.076 mmHg for SBP,1.747±3.042 mmHg for DBP,and 1.137±2.463 bpm for the HR.Compared with its existing counterparts,the model entailed less computational load and was more accurate in estimating SBP,DBP,and HR.These results established the validity of the model.

关键词： Photoplethysmography(PPG)signal deep learning blood pressure systolic blood pressure(SBP) diastolic blood pressure(DBP) heart rate(HR)