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Sexual size monomorphism may evolve in lizards with a body size maximizing reproductive performance for both sexes

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 277-283页

作者： hong-liang lu Jian-Fang Gao Kun Guo Xiang Ji Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration School of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121ZhejiangChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection College of Life and Environmental SciencesWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035ZhejiangChina

We used Takydromus septentrionalis,a sexually size-monomorphic lacertid lizard,as a model system to test the hypothesis that sexual size monomorphism may evolve in lizards where reproductive performance is maximized at a similar body size for both sexes.We allowed lizards housed in laboratory enclosures to lay as many clutches(for females)as they could or to mate as many times(for males)as they could in a breeding season.Size-assortative mating was weak but evident in T.septentrionalis,as revealed by the fact that male and female snout–vent lengths(SVLs)in mating pairs were significantly and positively correlated.Mating frequency(indicative of male reproductive performance)varied from 1 to 8 per breeding season,generally increasing as SVL increased in adult males smaller than 67.4 mm SVL.Clutch frequency varied from 1 to 7 per breeding season,with female reproductive performance(determined by clutch frequency,annual fecundity,and annual reproductive output)maximized in females with a SVL of 68.0 mm.Accordingly to our hypothesis,the reproductive performance was maximized in the intermediate sized rather than the largest individuals in both sexes,and the body size maximizing reproductive performance was similar for both sexes.Future work could usefully investigate other lineages of lizards with sexually monomorphic species in a phylogenetic context to corroborate the hypothesis of this study.

关键词： annual fecundity annual reproductive output clutch frequency mating frequency Takydromus septentrionalis

Negative corrections to black hole entropy from string theory

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第12期66卷 71-76页

作者： liang Ma Yi Pang hong lu Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhou 350207China

We report for the first time that in heterotic string compactified on 4-torus or equivalently IIA string compactified on K3,the leading α′corrections to the rotating black string entropy at fixed conserved charges can be negative.This further implies that the correction to the mass of extremal rotating string is positive,opposite to the standard expectation from the weak gravity conjecture.Our result suggests that the validity of positivity of entropy shift due to higher order operators depends on other factors omitted previously in the effective field theory analysis.

关键词： supergravities higher-derivative corrections effective theories black holes quantum gravity string theory

Novel two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides created by epitaxial growth

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第10期64卷 23-37页

作者： hong-liang lu Yu-Yang Zhang Xiao Lin hong-Jun Gao Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

Two-dimensional(2D) materials have been a very important field in condensed matter physics, materials science, chemistry, and electronics. In a variety of 2D materials, transition metal chalcogenides are of particular interest due to their unique structures and rich properties. In this review, we introduce a series of 2D transition metal chalcogenides prepared by epitaxial growth. We show that not only 2D transition metal dichalcogenides can be grown, but also the transition metal chalcogenides that do not have bulk counterparts, and even patterned transition metal chalcogenides can be fabricated. We discuss the formation mechanisms of the novel structures, their interesting properties, and potential applications of these 2D transition metal chalcogenides. Finally, we give a summary and some perspectives on future studies.

关键词： 2D materials transition metal chalcogenides epitaxial growth

Recent Progress on Flexible Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 310-351页

作者： Lang-Xi Ou Meng-Yang Liu Li-Yuan Zhu David Wei Zhang hong-liang lu State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics&SystemsSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University Chengbei RoadYiwu City 322000ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things,there is a great demand for portable gas sensors.Metal oxide semiconductors(MOS)are one of the most traditional and well-studied gas sensing materials and have been widely used to prepare various commercial gas sensors.However,it is limited by high operating temperature.The current research works are directed towards fabricating high-performance flexible room-temperature(FRT)gas sensors,which are effective in simplifying the structure of MOS-based sensors,reducing power consumption,and expanding the application of portable devices.This article presents the recent research progress of MOS-based FRT gas sensors in terms of sensing mechanism,performance,flexibility characteristics,and applications.This review comprehensively summarizes and discusses five types of MOS-based FRT gas sensors,including pristine MOS,noble metal nanoparticles modified MOS,organic polymers modified MOS,carbon-based materials(carbon nanotubes and graphene derivatives)modified MOS,and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides materials modified MOS.The effect of light-illuminated to improve gas sensing performance is further discussed.Furthermore,the applications and future perspectives of FRT gas sensors are also discussed.

关键词： Metal oxide semiconductor Flexible gas sensor Room temperature Nanomaterials

Contributions of source population and incubation temperature to phenotypic variation of hatchling Chinese skinks

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 245-253页

作者： hong-liang lu Yan-Fu Qu hong Li Xiang Ji Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121ZhejiangChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina College of Life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035ZhejiangChina

Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are viewed as the main factors that result in between-population variation in phenotypic traits,but contributions of these factors to phenotypic variation vary between traits and between species and have only been explored in a few species of reptiles.Here,we incubated eggs of the Chinese skink(Plestiodon chinensis)from 7 geographically separated populations in Southeast China at 3 constant temperatures(24,28,and 32℃)to evaluate the combined effects of dutch origin,source population,and incubation temperature on hatchling traits.The relative importance of these factors varied between traits.Nearly all examined hatchling traits,including body mass,snout-vent length(SVL),tail length,head size,limb length,tympanum diameter,and locomotor speed,varied among populations and were affected by incubation temperature.Measures for hatchling size(body mass and SVL)varied considerably among clutches.Source population explained much of the variation in hatchling body mass,whereas incubation temperature explained much of the variation in other examined traits.Our results indicate that between-population variation in hatchling traits of P.chinensis likely reflects the difference in natural incubation conditions and genetic divergence.

关键词： egg incubation hatchling phenotype incubation temperature local adaptation Plestiodon chinensis source population

Advances in Noble Metal-Decorated Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Chemiresistive Gas Sensors:Overview

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纳微快报：英文版 2023年第6期15卷 353-427页

作者： Li‑Yuan Zhu Lang‑Xi Ou Li‑Wen Mao Xue‑Yan Wu Yi‑Ping Liu Hong‑Liang Lu State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and SystemsSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China School of Opto‑Electronic Information and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Highly sensitive gas sensors with remarkably low detection limits are attractive for diverse practical application fields including real-time environmental monitoring,exhaled breath diagnosis,and food freshness analysis.Among various chemiresistive sensing materials,noble metal-decorated semiconducting metal oxides(SMOs)have currently aroused extensive attention by virtue of the unique electronic and catalytic properties of noble metals.This review highlights the research progress on the designs and applications of different noble metal-decorated SMOs with diverse nanostructures(e.g.,nanoparticles,nanowires,nanorods,nanosheets,nanoflowers,and microspheres)for high-performance gas sensors with higher response,faster response/recovery speed,lower operating temperature,and ultra-low detection limits.The key topics include Pt,Pd,Au,other noble metals(e.g.,Ag,Ru,and Rh.),and bimetals-decorated SMOs containing ZnO,SnO_(2),WO_(3),other SMOs(e.g.,In_(2)O_(3),Fe_(2)O_(3),and CuO),and heterostructured SMOs.In addition to conventional devices,the innovative applications like photo-assisted room temperature gas sensors and mechanically flexible smart wearable devices are also discussed.Moreover,the relevant mechanisms for the sensing performance improvement caused by noble metal decoration,including the electronic sensitization effect and the chemical sensitization effect,have also been summarized in detail.Finally,major challenges and future perspectives towards noble metal-decorated SMOs-based chemiresistive gas sensors are proposed.

关键词： Noble metal Bimetal Semiconducting metal oxide Chemiresistive gas sensor Electronic sensitization Chemical sensitization

On Edge Connectivity and Parity Factor

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第5期31卷 772-776页

作者： hong liang lu Wei WANG Yuqing LIN School of Mathematics and Statistic Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Newcastle

By Petersen＇s Theorem, a bridgeless cubic graph has a 2-factor. Fleischner （Discrete Math., 101, 33-37 （1992）） has extended this result to bridgeless graphs of minimum degree at least three by showing that every such graph has an even factor without isolated vertices. Let me〉 0 be even and mo〉 0 be odd. In this paper, we prove that every me-edge-connected graph with minimum degree at least me ＋ 1 contains an even factor with minimum degree at least me and every （mo ＋ 1）- edge-connected graph contains an odd factor with minimum degree at least too, which further extends Fleischner＇s result. Moreover, we show that our results are best possible.

关键词： Edge connectivity parity factor

Spatial Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of HFRS Epidemics in Rural and Urban Areas:A Study in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期35卷 1012-1024页

作者： ZHU Ling Li LI Yan Ping lu liang LI Shu Juan REN hong Yan National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Xi’an Eighth Hospital Xi’an 710061ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Objective The Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province is a severely afflicted hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)epidemic area,while HFRS prevalence has decreased in most epidemic areas in China.Little information is available regarding the leading fine-scale influencing factors in this highly HFRSconcentrated area and the roles of natural environmental and socioeconomic factors.To investigate this,two regions in the Guanzhong Plain,that is,the Chang’an District and Hu County,with similar geographical environments,different levels of economic development,and high epidemic prevalence,were chosen as representative areas of the HFRS epidemic.Methods Maximum entropy models were constructed based on HFRS cases and fine-scale influencing factors,including meteorological,natural environmental,and socioeconomic factors,from 2014 to 2016.Results More than 95% of the HFRS cases in the study area were located in the northern plains,which has an altitude of less than 800 m,with topography contributed 84.1% of the impact on the spatial differentiation of the HFRS epidemic.In the northern plains,precipitation and population density jointly affected the spatial differentiation of the HFRS epidemic,with contribution rates of 60.7% and 28.0%,respectively.By comparing the influencing factors of the northern plains of Chang’an District and Hu County,we found that precipitation and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)dominated the HFRS epidemic in the relatively developed Chang’an District,while land-use type,temperature,precipitation and population density dominated the HFRS epidemic in the relatively undeveloped Hu County.Conclusion Topography was the primary key factor for HFRS prevalence in the Chang’an District and Hu County,and the spatial differentiation of HFRS was dominated by precipitation and population density in the northern plains.Compared with the influencing factors of the relatively developed Chang’an District,the developing Hu County was more affected by socioeconomic factors.When formulating target

关键词： Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) Spatial heterogeneity Influencing factors Economic development stages Fine scale Maximum Entropy model

Chemo-, site-selective reduction of nitroarenes under blue-light, catalyst-free conditions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第5期33卷 2420-2424页

作者： Bin Wang Jiawei Ma hongyuan Ren Shuo lu Jingkai Xu Yong liang Changsheng lu hong Yan State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The tandem reaction of photoinduced double hydrogen-atom transfer and deoxygenative transborylation for chemo-and site-selective reduction of nitroarenes into aryl amines under catalyst-free, room temperature conditions was disclosed in excellent yields. In this reaction, isopropanol(^(i)PrOH) was used as hydrogen donor and tetrahydroxydiboron [B_(2)(OH)_(4)] as deoxygenative reagent with green, cheap, and commercially available credentials. In particular, a wide range of reducible functional groups such as halogen(-Cl,-Br and even-I), alkenyl, alkynyl, aldehyde, ketone, carboxyl, and cyano are all tolerated. Moreover,the reaction preferentially reduces the nitro group at the electron-deficient site over another nitro group in the same molecule. A detailed mechanistic investigation in combination of experiments and theoretical calculations gave a reasonable explanation for the reaction pathway.

关键词： Nitroarenes Selective Reduction Catalyst-free Photoinduced Transborylation