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Assessment of the Water-Energy Nexus in the Municipal Water Sector in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2018年第1期7卷 1-26页

作者： homoud al-mutrafi Waleed al-Zubari alaa El-Sadek Ibrahim Abdel Gelil Research and Development Center Saudi Aramco Dhahran KSA College of Postgraduate Studies Arabian Gulf University Manama Bahrain

When it comes to water and energy, it is hard to obtain one without the other. Water is required to produce energy and energy is necessary in water production and management. As demands for water are escalating due to rapid population growth and urbanization, understanding and quantification of the interdependency between water and energy, along with analyzing nexus interactions, trade-offs and risks are a pre-requisite for effective and integrated planning and management of these two key sectors. This paper performs an assessment of the water-energy nexus in the municipal sector of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, where the electric energy footprint in the water value chain (groundwater, desalination and wastewater treatment) and the water footprint in electric energy generation (thermal power plants) are quantified using data for the year 2013. The results confirmed the high and strong dependency on energy for the municipal water cycle in the Eastern Province and revealed that energy generation dependency on freshwater resources is also major and evident, especially at farther distances from the coastal areas. Thermal desalination is by far the most energy intensive stage among the entire Eastern Province water cycle. In 2013, it was estimated 13% of the Eastern Province energy generation capacity goes for desalination, that’s a 5% of the Kingdom capacity. Substantial energy input for desalination in the Eastern Province is attributed to the production and conveyance of water to the Capital Riyadh (48.9 kWh/m3 and 4.2 kWh/m3 respectively). As for groundwater pumping, it was estimated that 206.2 GWH was used for pumping 268 MCM in 2013 (0.764 kWh/m3). Energy requirement for primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatment was found to be the least (2 - 108 GWH) and was equivalent to an average of 0.4 kWh/m3. The water footprint in electricity generation was estimated to be about 739,308 m3 in 2013 (0.125 m3/kWh), a relatively higher value compared to the n

关键词： Thermal Power Plant Environmental Impact Carbon Footprint Energy Recovery Management and Mitigation

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The Impact of Nurses Recognition, and Empowerment Related to Nurses Job Satisfaction at KFSH-D

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Open Journal of Nursing 2023年第2期13卷 81-94页

作者： Reem al Ahmari Sarah al Qannass Pratheema Govallen Naslabari Moorkan Zahra homoud Nursing Education Department King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam Dammam Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Nurses’ job satisfaction is referring to the level to which people feel that they are able to have an influence on their workplace. Nurse leaders should use a variety of empowerment strategies that are important to nurses’ job satisfaction. Meanwhile, meaningful recognition for nurses is considered a powerful tool to enhance nurses’ sense of self-efficacy especially facing an emotional challenge that may affect their wellbeing. Aim: The aim of the studies is to analyze the importance of nurses’ recognition, and empowerment towards nurses’ job satisfaction at KFSH-D. Method: This study takes the form of a quantitative research methodology, and descriptive-analytical technique. A questionnaire used to gather data from registered nurses employed at King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam (KFSH-D) about the structural empowerment and nurses’ recognition program impact on their job satisfaction. Following the collection of data, the descriptive statistic used to describe the personal characteristics of the respondents, while inferential statistics used to determine the statistical relationship existing between independent variable job satisfaction and the structural empowerment and nurses’ recognition program among the registered nurses at KFSH-D as dependent variables. Recommendation: The researcher only focuses on the in-patient units, future studies, are recommended to focus on every dimension and category level of units. Apart from that, when looking into job satisfaction and empowerment, to be more specific, the researcher could investigate another dimension by comparing age, and clinical working experience which may provide a depth of understanding of the contribution perception of structural empowerment. Conclusion: The findings of the studies reveal recognition and empowerment are assets to make nurses stay and increase their level of job satisfaction and task assignments.

关键词： Job Satisfaction Meaningful Recognition Structural Empowerment Organizational Commitment

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纳巴特——阿拉伯艺术展

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画刊 2010年第11期 71-73页

作者： Lulwah al-homoud

通过一些绘画大师的个人努力,例如萨菲亚·本·扎吉、姆拿阿拉·摩萨利、阿布杜勒·哈林·拉德威、穆罕默德·萨林和阿布杜勒贾巴·耶哈,早期的现代艺术流派在沙特阿拉伯建立了起来。早期现代视觉艺术的起源可追溯至20世纪50年代中期,... 详细信息

通过一些绘画大师的个人努力,例如萨菲亚·本·扎吉、姆拿阿拉·摩萨利、阿布杜勒·哈林·拉德威、穆罕默德·萨林和阿布杜勒贾巴·耶哈,早期的现代艺术流派在沙特阿拉伯建立了起来。早期现代视觉艺术的起源可追溯至20世纪50年代中期,但是首次的两场现实独展发生于60年代中期,参展作者为拉德威和萨林。此后,60年代末,萨菲亚·本·扎吉和姆拿阿拉·摩萨利举办了联合展会。大多数早期作品的主题是关于当地的沙特阿拉伯传统。继这些榜样之后,产生了新一代艺术家,比如迪

关键词：沙特阿拉伯艺术展绘画作品布面油画阿拉伯半岛

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用沥青加固剂控制约旦土膨胀潜势与湿陷潜势的研究

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路基工程 1996年第6期 70-77页

作者： Azm S.al-homoud 孙全德铁道部第一勘测设计院科情室

本项研究的主要任务是研究沥青作为土壤加固剂的效果。为此选取北约旦具有一定工程问题(如膨胀性与湿陷性)的4种不同土壤,其中两处是膨胀土,而另两处是湿陷土。为进行此项工作,制备了占干土重量3％、5％、7％与10％的沥青与土混合物。... 详细信息

本项研究的主要任务是研究沥青作为土壤加固剂的效果。为此选取北约旦具有一定工程问题(如膨胀性与湿陷性)的4种不同土壤,其中两处是膨胀土,而另两处是湿陷土。为进行此项工作,制备了占干土重量3％、5％、7％与10％的沥青与土混合物。将天然土和用沥青处理的土作相同的室内试验,以观测沥青对膨胀及湿陷潜势的影响。试验结果表明,沥青在加固试验的土中是有效的。在与土混合时,沥青起着土颗粒间的粘合剂作用。此外,试验结果表明稀释的沥青百分率超过7％时,对膨胀及湿陷潜势不会产生明显的降低。

关键词：沥青加固剂土膨胀潜势湿陷潜热控制

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Assessment and management of low anterior resection syndrome after sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第15期133卷 1824-1833页

作者： Ahmad Sakr Fozan Sauri Mohammed alessa Eman Zakarnah homoud alawfi Radwan Torky Ho Seung Kim Seung Yoon Yang Nam Kyu Kim Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of SurgerySeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Korea Colorectal Surgery Unit Department of General SurgeryMansoura Faculty of MedicineMansoura University HospitalsMansoura 35511Egypt ‘Department of General Surgery King Faisal UniversityAlahsa 31982Saudi Arabia Department of General Surgery Main hospitalAssiut Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiut 71511Egypt

Many patients develop a variety of bowel dysfunction after sphincter preserving surgeries(SPS)for rectal *** bowel dysfunction usually manifests in the form of low anterior resection syndrome(LARS),which has a negative impact on the patients'quality of *** study reviewed the LARS after SPS,its mechanism,risk factors,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment based on previously published *** history taking,physical examination of the patients,using validated questionnaires and other diagnostic tools are important for assessment of LARS *** of LARS should be tailored to each *** therapy is usually needed for patients with major LARS with acceptable *** treatment includes conservative management in the form of medical,pelvic floor rehabilitation and transanal irrigation and invasive procedures including *** this treatment failed,fecal diversion may be *** conclusion,Initial meticulous dissection with preservation of nerves and creation of a neorectal reservoir during anastomosis and proper Kegel exercise of the anal sphincter can minimize the occurrence of ***-treatment counseling is an essential step for patients who have risk factors for developing LARS.

关键词： Bowel dysfunction Low anterior resection syndrome Rectal cancer Sphincter-preserving surgery

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