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Safety of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2323-2330页

作者： Alan BR Thomson Michel D Sauve Narmin Kassam holly Kamitakahara Division of General Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Alberta Canada

The proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a class are remarkably safe and effective for persons with peptic ulcer disorders. Serious adverse events are extremely rare for PPIs, with case reports of interstitial nephritis with omeprazole, hepatitis with omeprazole and lansoprazole, and disputed visual disturbances with pantoprazole and omeprazole. PPI use is associated with the development of fundic gland polyps (FGP); stopping PPIs is associated with regression of FGP. In the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the long-term use of PPIs has not been convincingly proven to cause or be associated with the progression of pre-existing chronic gastritis or gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. Mild/modest hypergastrinemia is a physiological response to the reduction in gastric acid secretion due to any cause. The long-term use of PPIs has not been convincingly proven to cause enterochromaff in-like cell hyperplasia or carcinoid tumors. PPIs increase the risk of community acquired pneumonia, but not of hospital acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia. There is no data to support particular care in prescribing PPI therapy due to concerns about risk of hip fracture with the long-termuse of PPIs. Long-term use of PPIs does not lead to vitamin B12 def iciencies, except possibly in the elderly, or in persons with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome who are on high doses of PPI for prolonged periods of time. There is no convincingly proven data that PPIs increase the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in persons in the community. The discontinuation of PPIs may result in rebound symptoms requiring further and even continuous PPI use for suppression of symptoms. As with all medications, the key is to use PPIs only when clearly indicated, and to reassess continued use so that long-term therapy is used judiciously. Thus, in summary, the PPIs are a safe class of medications to use longterm in persons in whom there is a clear need for the maintenance of extensive acid inhibition.

关键词： Acid inhibition Drug safety Osteoporosis Pneumonia Enteric infections

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The pig as a preclinical traumatic brain injury model:current models,functional outcome measures,and translational detection strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 413-424页

作者： holly A.Kinder Emily W.Baker Franklin D.West Regenerative Bioscience Center University of Georgia Department of Animal and Dairy Science University of Georgia

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is a major contributor of long-term disability and a leading cause of death worldwide. A series of secondary injury cascades can contribute to cell death, tissue loss, and ultimately to the development of functional impairments. However, there are currently no effective therapeutic interventions that improve brain outcomes following TBI. As a result, a number of experimental TBI models have been developed to recapitulate TBI injury mechanisms and to test the efficacy of potential therapeutics. The pig model has recently come to the forefront as the pig brain is closer in size, structure, and composition to the human brain compared to traditional rodent models, making it an ideal large animal model to study TBI pathophysiology and functional outcomes. This review will focus on the shared characteristics between humans and pigs that make them ideal for modeling TBI and will review the three most common pig TBI models–the diffuse axonal injury, the controlled cortical impact, and the fluid percussion models. It will also review current advances in functional outcome assessment measures and other non-invasive, translational TBI detection and measurement tools like biomarker analysis and magnetic resonance imaging. The use of pigs as TBI models and the continued development and improvement of translational assessment modalities have made significant contributions to unraveling the complex cascade of TBI sequela and provide an important means to study potential clinically relevant therapeutic interventions.

关键词： traumatic brain injury large animal model pig model diffuse axonal injury functional outcome assessment measures controlled cortical impact model fluid percussion injury model magnetic resonance imaging,biomarkers

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of the social structure of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen waters from 2007 to 2019

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动物学研究 2024年第2期 439页

作者： Yi Lu Xin-Rong Xu Bing-Yao Chen Thomas A Jefferson holly Fearnbach Guang Yang

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Howl variation across Himalayan, North African, Indian, and Holarctic wolf clades： tracing divergence in the world＇s oldest wolf lineages using acoustics

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 341-348页

作者： Lauren HENNELLY Bilal HABIB holly ROOT-GUTTERIDGE Vicente PALACIOS Daniela PASSILONGO Department of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Wildlife Institute of India Dehradun India Department of Biology Syracuse University New York 13210 USA Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Avenue de Blasce Ibanez Valencia 46010 Spain Ricerca sulla Selvaggina e sui Miglioramenti Ambientali a Fini Faunistici (C.I.R.Se.M.A.E) Piazzale delle Cascine 18 Firenze 1-50144 Italy

Vocal divergence within species often corresponds to morphological, environmental, and genetic differences between populations. Wolf howls are long-range signals that encode individual, group, and subspecies differences, yet the factors that may drive this variation are poorly understood. Furthermore, the taxonomic division within the Canis genus remains contended and additional data are required to clarify the position of the Himalayan, North African, and Indian wolves within Canis lupus. We recorded 451 howls from the 3 most basal wolf lineages-Himalayan C. lupus chanco-Himalayan haplotype, North African C. lupus lupaster, and Indian C. lupus pallipes wolves-and present a howl acoustic description within each clade. With an additional 619 howls from 7 Holarctic subspecies, we used a random forest classifier and principal component analysis on 9 acoustic parameters to assess whether Himalayan, North African, and Indian wolf howls ex- hibit acoustic differences compared to each other and Holarctic wolf howls. Generally, both the North African and Indian wolf howls exhibited high mean fundamental frequency （F0） and short duration compared to the Holarctic clade. In contrast, the Himalayan wolf howls typically had lower mean F0, unmodulated frequencies, and short howls compared to Holarctic wolf howls. The Himalayan and North African wolves had the most acoustically distinct howls and differed significantly from each other and to the Holarctic wolves. Along with the influence of body size and environmental differences, these results suggest that genetic divergence and/or geographic distance may play an important role in understanding howl variation across subspecies.

关键词： acoustic variation Canis lupus geographic variation mammal communication.

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Aluminum-air battery with cotton substrate:Controlling the discharge capacity by electrolyte pre-deposition

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第3期8卷 757-766页

作者： Wending Pan Yifei Wang holly Y.H.Kwok Dennis Y.C.Leung Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Conventional Al-air battery has many disadvantages for miniwatt applications,such as the complex water management,bulky electrolyte storage and potential leakage ***,the self-corrosion of Al anode continues even when the electrolyte flow is stopped,leading to great Al *** tackle these issues,an innovative cotton-based aluminum-air battery is developed in this *** of flowing alkaline solution,cotton substrate pre-deposited with solid alkaline is used,together with a small water reservoir to continuously wet the cotton and dissolve the alkaline *** this manner,the battery can be mechanically recharged by replacing the cotton substrate and refilling the water reservoir,while the thick aluminum anode can be reused for tens of times until complete *** cotton substrate shows excellent ability for the storage and transportation of alkaline electrolyte,leading to a high peak power density of 73 mW cm^(-2) and a high specific energy of 930 mW h g^(-1).Moreover,the battery discharge capacity is found to be linear to the loading of pre-deposited alkaline,so that it can be precisely controlled according to the mission profile to avoid Al ***,a two-cell battery pack with common water reservoir is developed,which can provide a voltage of 2.7 V and a power output of 223.8 *** further scaling-up and stacking,this cotton-based Al-air battery system with low cost and high energy density is very promising for recharging miniwatt electronics in the outdoor environment.

关键词： Al-air battery Cotton-based Electrolyte pre-deposition Capacity control Miniwatt electronics

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Consequences of redefining Alzheimer＇s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2098-2099页

作者： Stephen R.Robinson holly M.Brothers Maya L.Gosztyla School of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT University Bundoora Victoria Australia Institutefor Breathing and Sleep Austin Health Heidelberg VictoriaAustralia Department of Psychology The Ohio State University ColumbusOH USA Department of Neuroscience the Ohio State UniversityColumbus OH USA

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）redefined：For the past century,AD has been defined as a disease of progressive cognitive decline paired with a burden of amyloid-β（Aβ）plaques and pathologic tau tangles in the hippocampus and ***,a recent Framework paper jointly sponsored by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer＇s Association（Jack et al.,2018）proposes new classification guidelines for AD,which,if adopted,will have profoundconsequences for the future management of AD.

关键词： AD Consequences of redefining Alzheimer’s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

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Welfare and Market Impacts of Food Safety Measures in China: Results from Urban Consumers' Valuation of Product Attributes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1404-1411页

作者： David L. Ortega H. holly Wang Nicole J. Olynk Widmar Department of Agricultural Foodand Resource EconomicsMichigan State University Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University

This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to elicit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An alternative welfare calculation is used to model aggregate market impacts of select food safety measures. Our results show that the largest welfare gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The implementation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceability network and a product label would generate signiifcant value and would help reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study builds on previous research and provides an alternative approach for calculating consumer valuation of safety and quality attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and welfare impacts.

关键词： food safety consumer welfare food policy China

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Gastric cancer in Alaska Native people: A cancer health disparity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第25期24卷 2722-2732页

作者： holly A Martinson Nancy J Shelby Steven R Alberts Matthew J Olnes WWAMI School of Medical Education University of Alaska Anchorage Department of Oncology Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Alaska Native Medical Center

AIM To evaluate recent trends in gastric cancer incidence, response to treatment, and overall survival among Alaska Native(AN) people. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the Alaska Native Medical Center patient database was performed. Patient history, clinical, pathological, response to treatment and patient outcomes were collected from one-hundred and thirty-two AN gastric cancer patients. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database 18 was used to collect comparison United States non-Hispanic White(NHW) and AN gastric cancer patient data between *** AN gastric cancer patients have a higher incidence rate, a poorer overall survival, and are diagnosed at a significantly younger age compared to NHW patients. AN patients differ from NHW patients in greater prevalence of non-cardia, diffuse subtype, and signet ring cell carcinomas. AN females were more likely to be diagnosed with later stage cancer, stage IV, compared to AN males. Diminished overall survival was observed among AN patients with increasing stage, O+ blood type, < 15 lymph nodes examined at resection, and no treatment. This study is the first report detailing the clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer in AN people with outcome *** Our findings confirm the importance of early detection, treatment, and surgical resection for optimizing AN patient outcomes. Further research on early detection markers are warranted.

关键词： Alaska Native gastric cancer Helicobacter pylori gender health disparities

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An exploration of the breastfeeding behaviors of women aftercesarean section: A qualitative study

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2020年第4期7卷 419-426,I0005页

作者： Juan Wen Guiling Yu Yan Kong Furong Liu holly Wei School of Nursing of Qingdao University QingdaoShandongChina Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital QingdaoShandongChina College of Nursing at East Carolina University GreenvilleNCUSA

Objectives:To explore the factors affecting breastfeeding behaviors in women after cesarean ***:This is a qualitative study that used a phenomenological *** study used individual face-to-face interviews with 19 women who underwent a cesarean section in a Women and Children’s Hospital in China between July to September *** saturationwas used to determine sample *** were analyzed using a thematic content analysis *** were developed based on the theory of planned ***:Thirteen(68.42%)had a planned cesarean section,and six(31.58%)cesarean sections were unplanned or *** major themes emerged:ambivalent attitude about breastfeeding,motivation to comply with the traditional cultural norms,and barriers and *** motivating factors for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included perceived benefits of human milk,support from healthcare professionals,and responsibility for *** challenges for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included physical discomfort,knowledge and skills deficit of breastfeeding,lactation deficiency,and lack of knowledge and coping skills in managing their depressive mood after cesarean *** were a couple of neutral factors,such as the influences of family and *** factors could influence women either positively as facilitators or negatively as ***:The findings can offer valuable information for healthcare professionals to help women breastfeed after cesarean *** promote women’s breastfeeding behaviors after cesarean sections,it is necessary to change women’s attitudes,belief systems,and the external environments and help them become more confident.

关键词： Breastfeeding Cesarean section Influencing factor Qualitative research Theory of planned behavior

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Perception of Potential Health Risk of Climate Change and Utilization of Fans and Air Conditioners in a Representative Population of Hong Kong

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 105-118页

作者： Yang Gao Emily Y.Y.Chan holly C.Y.Lam Aiwei Wang Department of Sport and Physical Education Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Climate change, especially as reflected in heat waves, is a rising threat worldwide. Appropriate use of cooling devices can protect people from health impacts during a heat wave. A population-based telephone survey was conducted in a representative sample of residents in Hong Kong to investigate ownership and use of domestic cooling devices, identify correlates, and examine their associations with risk perception of potential health impact of climate change. More than 90% of the 1002 respondents owned and used cooling devices at home. The majority(57.7%) perceived the potential health risk of climate change at a high level. However, risk perception had no relationship with ownership and utilization of cooling devices. Old people(≥ 65 years), the low-educated, those with low income, and those with chronic diseases were more likely not to use air conditioners when feeling *** findings suggest that there are no signs showing people have taken more protective actions although half of respondents recognized climate change as a threat. Familial economic condition may be a major determinant in ownership and use of air conditioners at home. Old people and those with chronic diseases are at high risk of adverse exposure to climate change and therefore should be equipped with appropriate measures to use cooling devices.

关键词： Climate change Domestic cooling device Heat wave health impact Hong Kong Risk perception

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