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美国国家安全局事件

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Paleomapping:Creating testable visual hypotheses of ancient worlds

作者： (德)马塞尔·罗森巴赫(Marcel Rosenbach)，(德)霍尔格·斯塔克(holger stark)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第01期14卷 91-104页

作者： holger Petermann Annaka M.Clement Patrick M.Sullivan Hannah M.Bonner James W.Hagadorn Department of Earth and Space Sciences Denver Museum of Nature & Science Colorado School of Mines Department of Geology and Geologic Engineering Division of Water Quality Utah Department of Environmental Quality

The story of the Earth's changing landscapes is often told through paleogeographic maps. These images are some of the most accessible and widely used illustrations in the Earth sciences. However, no formal procedure for the creation of photorealistic paleomaps(i.e., paleosatellite images) exists. Using an example from the Late Jurassic of the Rocky Mountain region, we present a method for making paleoenvironmental and paleosatellite maps that is scalable, reproducible, testable, and incorporates peer review. The process includes a literature review followed by data-visualization, paleoenvironmental interpretation, peer-review,iterative revisions, and the creation of a false contour map and color gradient used to render a paleosatellite image. Paleosatellite images are photorealistic versions of paleoenvironmental maps that incorporate global climatic and tectonic information as well as principles of actualism; they can be made through comparison to analogous modern landscapes. An important component of this process is that the data maps that ground this paleomapping process allow evaluation of where paleoenvironmental interpretations are wellsupported by outcrop and subsurface data, and where such visualization is highly interpretive-often because of lack of available rocks or studies in a given area. As such, our paleoenvironmental maps and paleosatellite images are testable pictorial hypotheses. By outlining a procedure that produces referenced,data-rich, and visually realistic maps, we hope to demystify the paleoenvironmental map-making process and improve accessibility of paleomaps for the broader geoscience community. Where resources and complementary data are available, such maps also have potential for georeferencing and integration with larger continent-scale paleogeographic maps.

关键词： Ancient landscapes Cartography Paleogeography Paleoenvironments Jurassic

Differences in Seedling and Sapling Densities and Species Composition between Canopy Gaps and Forest Understories in a Subtropical Forest in Bangladesh

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2025年第1期16卷 105-114页

作者： Tarit Kumar BAUL Anwarul Islam CHOWDHURY Md Jamal UDDIN Mohammad Kamrul HASAN Tapan Kumar NATH Lars holger SCHMIDT Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences University of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh Faculty of Science Forestry and TechnologySchool of Forest SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuu 80101Finland Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering University of LleidaLleida 25001Spain Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Helsinki 00790Finland Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga 43500Malaysia Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C 1958Denmark

Canopy openings have a vital role in forest structure,regeneration,and plant *** this study,we investigated and compared the species composition and densities of seedlings and saplings between canopy gaps(openings)and forest understories(in dense canopies)in a sub-tropical forest of *** objectively identified 42 canopy openings between transect lines and 42 main plots in dense canopies,sampled for regeneration and young tree *** the regeneration study,we placed 2 m×2 m four subplots in each canopy opening and the main plot of dense canopy,thus making a total of 336 *** species diversity of seedlings,saplings,and trees were significantly(P≤0.05)higher in the dense canopy than in the canopy ***,most dominant and frequent regenerating species such as Diospyros pilosula,Garcinia cowa,Brownlowia elata,and Lithocarpus polystachya were common in both dense canopy and openings,the canopy openings had the highest Importance Value Index,suggesting the significance of gap dynamics in the dominance of native floral *** dense canopy played an important role in forest compositions because 12 regenerating species,including Stereospermum suaveolens and Diospyros montana,were not found in the canopy openings,implying that rain forests must maintain a high canopy cover for regeneration.

关键词： canopy opening disturbance forest dynamics native flora seedling sapling

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Miniaturization of a coherent monocular structured illumination system for future combination with digital holography

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第3期3卷 160-167页

作者： Andreas Walter stark Eugene Wong holger Babovsky Christian Franke Richard Kowarschik Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics Friedrich Schiller University Jena07743 JenaGermany University Hospital 07743 JenaGermany

Holographic and 3D-measurement processes are an often-used tool in industry,medicine,and scientific *** small deviations of objects can be visualized by holographic means with high accuracy,optical systems with active structured illumination are a reliable source of absolute 3D-information in these *** combination of digital holography with structured illumination allows to simultaneously measure deformations and absolute 3D coordinates but also requires coherent light and has already been demonstrated in principle with a stereo camera ***-camera systems are limited to certain setup sizes given by the volume and distance of the *** the system to a one-camera(monocular)setup reduces space and acquisition *** using a multi-aperture illumination source an extremely high projection rate could be realized and reduced to a monocular approach with a novel voxel-calibration technique,while the projection system itself still requires a large amount of *** this paper we present a miniaturized,monocular 3D-measurement system that works with repeatable,coherent speckles,generated by a fiber-coupled laser whose light was distributed by a fiber-switch to a diffuser plate connected with a measurement-head,also including a *** addressing different fibers through the switch,varying but repeatable patterns are *** size of the device(diameter<3 cm)is now mainly limited by the volume of the camera.A first 3D-reconstruction of an object and an outlook for a combination of this system with digital holography is given,allowing absolute 3D-coordinates and relative deviations of object points to be measured simultaneously.

关键词： 3D-measurement Structured illumination Speckle projection Monocular 3D-measurement Combination 3D-measurment and holography

Regulation of gene-edited plants in Europe:from the valley of tears into the shining sun?

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 231-238页

作者： holger Puchta Department of Molecular Biology Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter Institute for Plant SciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 476131 KarlsruheGermany

Some 20 years ago,the EU introduced complex regulatory rules for the growth of transgenic crops,which resulted in a de facto ban to grow these plants in fields within most European *** the rise of novel genome editing technologies,it has become possible to improve crops genetically in a directed way without the need for incorporation of foreign ***,in 2018,the European Court of Justice ruled that such gene-edited plants are to be regulated like transgenic *** then,European scientists and breeders have challenged this decision and requested a revision of this outdated ***,after 5 years,the European Commission has now published a proposal on how,in the future,to regulate crops produced by new breeding *** proposal tries to find a balance between the different interest groups in *** one side,genetically modified plants,which cannot be discerned from their natural counterparts,will exclusively be used for food and feed and are-besides a registration step-not to be regulated at *** the other side,plants expressing herbicide resistance are to be excluded from this regulation,a concession to the strong environmental associations and NGOs in ***,edited crops are to be excluded from organic farming to protect the business interests of the strong organic sector in ***,if this law passes European parliament and council,unchanged,it will present a big step forward toward establishing a more sustainable European agricultural ***,it might soon be possible to develop and grow crops that are more adapted to global warming and whose cultivation will require lower amounts of ***,there is still a long way to go until the law is *** often,the storm of arguments raised by the opponents,based on irrational fears of mutations and a naive understanding of nature,has fallen on fruitful ground in Europe.

关键词： Genetically modified organism Cisgenesis Gene editing CRISPR/Cas Regulation

Broadening the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 in plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第1期61卷 126-127页

作者： holger Puchta Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

The use of CRISPR（clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats）Cas9 is revolutionizing genome engineering—not only in plants（Schiml and Puchta,2016）.This is due to the fact that with high specificit... 详细信息

关键词： Broadening the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 in plants NAG

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How open is the therapeutic horizon for pancreatic cancer patients?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 1-3页

作者： holger Kalthoff Institute for Experimental Cancer Research Christian-Albrechts-UniversityKielGerman

In the nineties of the last century,it was typical for an article about pancreatic cancer to start with an introductory remark,that this malignancy is a very desperate one and that surgery is the only curative *** it was also obvious that surgery was not really curative and most importantly,not feasible in the majority of *** the last two decades,we observed a dramatic increase in research on pancreatic cancer(*** than 65000 articles mentioning pancreatic cancer in PubMed only in the last decade),and clearly,there is scientific progress.

关键词： cancer curative surgery

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Computational biology approach to uncover hepatitis C virus helicase operation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3401-3409页

作者： holger Flechsig Department of Physical Chemistry Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society14195 BerlinGermany

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)helicase is a molecular motor that splits nucleic acid duplex structures during viral replication,therefore representing a promising target for antiviral ***,a detailed understanding of the mechanism by which it operates would facilitate the development of efficient drug-assisted therapies aiming to inhibit helicase *** extensive investigations performed in the past,a thorough understanding of the activity of this important protein was lacking since the underlying internal conformational motions could not be *** we review investigations that have been previously performed by us for HCV *** methods of structure-based computational modelling it became possible to follow entire operation cycles of this motor protein in structurally resolved simulations and uncover the mechanism by which it moves along the nucleic acid and accomplishes strand *** also discuss observations from that study in the light of recent experimental studies that confirm our findings.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Viral replication Helicase protein Adenosine-triphosphate-induced operation Conformational motions Nucleic acid unzipping Computational biology Coarse-grained modelling Elastic-network model

Automated analysis of surface facets:the example of cesium telluride

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npj Computational Materials 2024年第1期10卷 2845-2853页

作者： holger-Dietrich Saßnick Caterina Cocchi Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Physics DepartmentD-26129 OldenburgGermany

High-throughput screening combined with ab initio calculations is a powerful tool to explore technologically relevant materials characterized by complex configurational *** the impressive developments achieved in this field in the last few years,most studies still focus on bulk materials,although the relevant processes for energy conversion,production,and storage occur on ***,we present an automatized computational scheme that is capable of calculating surface properties in inorganic crystals from first principles in a high-throughput *** introducing the method and its implementation,we showcase its applicability,focusing on four polymorphs of Cs_(2)Te,an established photocathode material for particle accelerators,considering slabs with low Miller indices and different *** analysis gives insight into how the surface composition,accessible through the proposed high-throughput screening method,impacts the electronic properties and,ultimately,the photoemission *** developed scheme offers new opportunities for automated computational studies beyond bulk materials.

关键词： analysis calculating termination