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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2015年第2期25卷 363-374页

作者：庞松吴国华刘文才张亮张扬 Hans conrad 丁文江上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心与金属基复合材料国家重点实验室上海200240 Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State University

Influence of the pouring temperature ranging from 680 to 780 ℃ on the solidification behavior, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy was investigated. It was found that the nucleation undercooling of the a-Mg phase increased from 2.3 to 6.3 ℃. The average a-Mg grain size increased from 44 to 71 μm, but then decreased to 46 μm. The morphology of the eutectic compound transformed from a continuous network into a discontinuous state and then subsequently into an island-like block. The volume fraction of β-Mg_24RE_5 phase increased and its morphology transformed from particle into rod-like. The increase in pouring temperature increased the solute concentration. YS increased from 138 to 151 MPa, and UTS increased from 186 to 197 MPa. The alloy poured at 750 ℃ had optimal combining strength and ductility. The fracture surface mode transformed from quasi-cleavage crack into transgranular fracture, all plus the dimple-like fracture, with the micro-porosity and the re-oxidation inclusion as major defects. The average a-Mg grain size played a main role in the YS of sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy, besides other factors, i.e. micro-porosity, morphology of eutectic compounds, re-oxidation inclusion and solute concentration.

关键词： sand-cast Mg alloys solidification microstructure mechanical properties

Anthropology : the exploration of human diversity / 11th ed.

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2006年

作者： conrad Phillip Kottak.

Influence of cooling rate on solidification behavior of sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第11期24卷 3413-3420页

作者：庞松吴国华刘文才张亮张扬 Hans conrad 丁文江上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心与金属基复合材料国家重点实验室 Materials Science and Engineering Department North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-7907 USA

The effect of the cooling rate ranging from 1.4 °C/s to 3.5 °C/s on the solidification behavior of the sand-cast Mg?10Gd?3Y?0.4Zr alloy was studied by computer aided cooling curve analysis (CA-CCA). With the increase in cooling rate, the nucleation temperature (Tα,N) increases from 634.8 °C to 636.3 °C, the minimum temperature (Tα,Min) decreases from 631.9 °C to 630.7 °C, the nucleation undercooling (ΔTN) increases from 2.9 °C to 5.6 °C, the beginning temperature of the eutectic reaction (Teut,N) increases, the time of the eutectic reaction shortens, solidus temperature decreases from 546.0 °C to 541.4 °C, and solidification temperature range (ΔTS) increases by 6.1 °C. The increased nucleation rate (N&) is supposed to be the main reason for the increased?TN. Increased value (Teut,N?Teut,G) and shortened time of the eutectic reaction cause the change in the volume fraction and morphology of the second phase.

关键词： Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr sand-cast cooling rate thermal analysis solidification behavior

Does the eclipse limit bacterial nucleoid complexity and cell width?

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2017年第4期2卷 267-275页

作者： Arieh Zaritsky Avinoam Rabinovitch Chenli Liu conrad L.Woldringh Faculty of Natural Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevPOB 653Be'er-Sheva84105Israel Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology(SIAT)Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenPR China Bacterial Cell Biology SILSBoelelaan 1108AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Cell size of bacteria M is related to 3 temporal parameters:chromosome replication time C,period from replication-termination to subsequent division D,and doubling time ***-state,bacillary cells grow exponentially by extending length L only,but their constant width W is larger at shorter t‘s or longer C's,in proportion to the number of chromosome replication positions n(?C/t),at least in Escherichia coli and Salmonella *** C by thymine limitation of fast-growing thyA mutants result in continuous increase of M,associated with rising W,up to a limit before branching.A set of such puzzling observations is qualitatively consistent with the view that the actual cell mass(or volume)at the time of replication-initiation Mi(or Vi),usually relatively constant in growth at varying t0s,rises with time under thymine limitation of fast-growing,thymine-requiring *** *** hypothesis will be tested that presumes existence of a minimal distance lmin between successive moving replisomes,translated into the time needed for a replisome to reach lmin before a newreplication-initiation at oriC is allowed,termed Eclipse *** analysis of currently available data is inconsistent with a constant E under all conditions,hence other explanations andways to test themare proposed in an attempt to elucidate these and other *** complex hypothesis takes into account much of what is currently known about Bacterial Physiology:the relationships between cell dimensions,growth and cycle parameters,particularly nucleoid structure,replication and position,and themode of peptidoglycan *** experiments arementioned that are necessary to test the discussed ideas and hypotheses.

关键词： Bacterial cell cycle Size and dimensions Growth Replication and division Nucleoid complexity Eclipse

Chemistry the molecular science John W. Moore, conrad L. Stanitski, Peter C. Jurs. 1st ed.

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2002年

作者： John W. Moore conrad L. Stanitski Peter C. Jurs.

Microsoft Office Access 2007 Inside Out

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丛书名： Microsoft Office Access Inside Out

2007年

作者： John Viescas Jeff conrad

Anthropology : the exploration of human diversity / 9th ed.

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2002年

作者： conrad Phillip Kottak.

An integrated model for supplier selection process

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2003年第1期10卷 43-50页

作者： Oboulhas conrad Tsahat ONESIME 徐晓飞占德臣沙磊 Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

In today’s highly competitive manufacturing environment, the supplier selection process becomes one of crucial activities in supply chain management. In order to select the best supplier(s) it is not only necessary to continuously tracking and benchmarking performance of suppliers but also to make a tradeoff between tangible and intangible factors some of which may conflict. In this paper an integration of case based reasoning (CBR), analytical network process (ANP) and linear programming (LP) is proposed to solve the supplier selection problem.

关键词： supplier selection case based reasoning ANP linear programming

Iridium-Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid to Pyrrolidinones under H2 in Water

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2017年第5期35卷 581-585页

作者： Zhanwei Xu Peifang Yan Hong Jiang Kairui Liu Z. conrad Zhang Dalian National Lab for Clean Energy State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China

The synthesis of pyrrolidinones from reductive amination of levulinic acid （LA） with primary amines is *** have various applications such as surfactants,pharmaceutical intermediates,dispersants,and *** half-sandwich Cp＊Ir complex （Cp＊ is 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-l,3-diene） coordinated by bipyridine ligand bearing both dimethylamino and ortho-hydroxyl groups showed high catalytic activity for the reductive amination of LA.A range of primary amines,such as aromatic and benzyl amines,were readily converted to corresponding pyrrolidinones in good yields.

关键词： iridium reductive amination hydrogenation levulinic acid biomass

Differential treatment and early outcome in the interventional endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts in 27 patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第26期12卷 4175-4178页

作者： Uwe Will conrad Wegener Kai-Ivo Graf Igor Wanzar Thomas Manger Frank Meyer Department of Gastroenterology Municipal Hospital D-07548 GeraGermany Department of Surgery Municipal Hospital D-07548 GeraGermany Department of Surgery University Hospital D-39120 MagdeburgGermany

AIM： Pancreatic pseudocysts （PPC） as a complication of pancreatitis are approached only in the case of abdominal pain, infection, bleeding, and compression onto the gastrointestinal tract or biliary tree. METHODS： From 02/01/2002 to 05/31/2004, all con- secutive patients with symptomatic PPC who underwent an interventional endoscopic approach were evaluated in this pilot case-series study： Group （Gr.） Ⅰ-Primary percutaneous （external）, ultrasound-guided drainage. Gr. Ⅱ- Primary EUS-guided cystogastrostomy. Gr. Ⅲ-EUS-guided cystogastrostomy including intracystic necrosectomy. RESULTS：（=＂follow up＂： n = 27）： Gr. Ⅰ （n = 9; 33.3%）： No complaints （n = 3）; change of an external into an internal drainage （n = 4）; complications：（a） bleeding （n = 1） followed by 3 d at ICU, discharge after 40 d; （b） septic shock （n = 1） followed by ICU and several laparotomies for programmed lavage and necrosectomy, death after 74 d. Gr. Ⅱ （n = 13; 48.1%）： No complaints （n = 11）; external drainage （n = 2）; complications/problems out of the 13 cases： 2nd separate pseudocyst （n = 1） with external drainage （since no communication with primary internal drainage）; infection of the residual cyst （n = 1）＋ following external drainage; spontaneous PPC perforation （n = 1）＋ following closure of the opening of the cystogastrostomy using clips and subsequently ICU for 2 d. Gr. Ⅲ （n = 5; 18.5%）： No complaints in all patients, in average two endoscopic procedures required （range, 2-6）. CONCLUSION： Interventional endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts is a reasonable alternative treatment option with low invasiveness compared to surgery and an acceptable outcome with regard to the complication rate （11.1%） and mortality （3.7%）, as shown by these initial study results.

关键词： Pancreatic pseudocyst Pancreatitis Interventional endoscopic approach