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Summer.egg diapause in a matchstick gr.sshopper.synchr.nizes the life cycle and buffer. ther.al extr.mes

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Integr.tive Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 437-449页

作者： michael r.KEAr.EY John DEUTSCHEr.Jacinta D.KONG Ar. A.hoffmann School of BioSciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia

The phenological r.sponse is among the most impor.ant tr.its affecting a species’sensitivity to *** insects,str.ngly seasonal envir.nments often select for.a univoltine life cycle such that one seasonal extr.me is avoided as an inactive *** under.tanding the under.ying mechanisms for.univoltinism,and the consequences of its failur.,we can better.pr.dict insect r.sponses to climate *** we combine empir.cal data and simulation studies to investigate the consequences of an unusual diapause mechanism in a par.henogenetic matchstick gr.sshopper.War.amaba vir.o,fr.m ar.d souther. *** field body temper.tur. measur.ments indicate that this species is a ther.oconfor.er.and our.labor.tor. studies of the ther.al r.sponse of feeding r.te imply str.ng constr.ints on winter.***,the species exhibits no obligate winter.diapause,and eggs can develop in 1 month under.constant temper.tur.s appr.ximating the mean soil temper.tur. at the time of oviposition(summer..We show that diur.al temper.tur. cycles exceeding a peak of 36℃ inhibit egg development in summer.and that this is sufficient to pr.vent autumnal hatching of *** is also str.ngly r.tar.ed below 24℃.Micr.climate-dr.ven simulation studies of egg development show that these ther.al r.sponses pr.vide r.bust maintenance of a univoltine life cycle,ther.by r.sulting in sur.ival of heat str.ss as an egg(due to limited developmental state)and avoidance of cold str.ss as a nymph and adult(due to over.inter.ng in the soil as an egg).

关键词： egg diapause life cycle matchstick gr.sshopper phenology ther.al extr.mes ther.or.gulation

Acute and chr.nic excitotoxicity in ischemic str.ke and late-onset Alzheimer.s disease

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu Emily Choi michael QJiang Ling Wei Depar.ment of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center.for.Visual and Neur.cognitive r.habilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Str.ke and Alzheimer.s disease ar. common neur.logical disor.er. and often occur.in the same *** comor.idity of the two neur.logical disor.er. r.pr.sents a gr.ve health thr.at to older.*** r.view pr.sents a br.ef backgr.und of the development of novel concepts and their.clinical *** activity of glutamater.ic N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor. and N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.mediated Ca^(2+)influx is cr.tical for.neur.nal *** ischemic insult induces pr.mpt and excessive glutamate r.lease and dr.stic incr.ases of intr.cellular.Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.,par.icular.y of those at the extr.synaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neur.nal cell death in the ischemic cor. is dominated by necr.sis within a few hour. and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)incr.ases under.neur.degener.tive conditions such as in the distant penumbr. of the ischemic br.in and ear.y stages of Alzheimer.s disease ar. not immediately toxic,but gr.dually set off deter.or.ting Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neur.nal cell loss mostly because of activation of pr.gr.mmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer.s disease and r.cent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degener.tive excitotoxicity evolves fr.m year. to decades and is r.cognized as a unique slow and chr.nic *** N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.subunit GluN3A,pr.mar.ly at the extr.synaptic site,ser.es as a gatekeeper.for.the N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.activity and is neur.pr.tective against both acute and chr.nic *** str.ke and Alzheimer.s disease,ther.for.,shar. an N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much differ.nt time *** is thus pr.posed that ear.y inter.entions to contr.l Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the pr.clinical stage ar. pivotal for.individuals who ar. susceptible to spor.dic late-onset Alzheimer.s disease and Alzheimer.s disease-r.lated

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyper.ctivity late-onset Alzheimer.s disease neur.degener.tion N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor. N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.subunits pathogenesis pr.ventive tr.atment

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Sexual selection and magic tr.its in speciation with gene flow

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Cur.ent Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 510-516页

作者： Mar.a r. SEr.EDIO michael KOPP Depar.ment of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Mathematics and Biosciences Gr.up Max F. Perutz Laboratories and Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna NordbergstraBe 15 A-1090 Vienna Austria Pr.sent addr.ss： Aix-Mar.eille Univer.ity UMR-CNRS 6632 Evolutionary Biology and Modeling 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France

The extent to which sexual selection is involved in speciation with gene flow r.mains an open question and the sub- ject of much r.sear.h. Her., we pr.pose that some insight can be gained fr.m consider.ng the concept of magic tr.its （i.e., tr.its involved in both r.pr.ductive isolation and ecological diver.ence）. Both magic tr.its and other. ＂non-magic＂, tr.its can contr.bute to speciation via a number.of specific mechanisms. We ar.ue that many of these mechanisms ar. likely to differ.widely in the ex- tent to which they involve sexual selection. Fur.her.or., in some cases wher. sexual selection is pr.sent, it may be pr.ne to in- hibit r.ther.than dr.ve speciation. Finally, ther. ar. a pr.or. r.asons to believe that cer.ain categor.es of tr.its ar. much mor. ef- fective than other. in dr.ving speciation. The combination of these points suggests a classification of tr.its that may shed light on the br.ader.r.le of sexual selection in speciation with gene flow. In par.icular. we suggest that sexual selection can act as a dr.ver.of speciation in some scenar.os, but may play a negligible r.le in potentially common categor.es of magic tr.its, and may be likely to inhibit speciation in common categor.es of non-magic tr.its [Cur.ent Zoology 58 （3）： 510-516, 2012].

关键词： Assor.ative mating Diver.ent selection Ecological selection Mating cues Non-r.ndom mating Pr.fer.nces

Epigenetic r.pr.ssion of Male Gametophyte- Specific Genes in the Ar.bidopsis Spor.phyte

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Molecular.Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1176-1186页

作者： r.ber. D. hoffmann michael G. Palmgr.n Centr. for.Membr.ne Pumps in Cells and Disease--PUMPKIN Danish National Research Foundation Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg Denmark

Tissue for.ation, the identity of cells, and the functions they fulfill, ar. r.sults of gene r.gulation. The male gametophyte of plants, pollen, is outstanding in this r.spect as sever.l hundr.d genes expr.ssed in pollen ar. not expr.ssed in the spor.phyte. How pollen-specific genes ar. down-r.gulated in the spor.phyte has yet to be established. In this study, we have per.or.ed a bioinfor.atics analysis of publicly available genome-wide epigenetics data of sev- er.l spor.phytic tissues. By combining this analysis with DNase ! footpr.nting data, we assessed means by which the r.pr.ssion of pollen-specific genes in the Ar.bidopsis spor.phyte is confer.ed. Our.findings show that, in seedlings, the major.ty of pollen-specific genes ar. associated with histone-3 mar.ed by mono- or.tr.methylation of Lys-27 （H3K27me1/ H3K27me3）, both of which ar. r.pr.ssive mar.er. for.gene expr.ssion in the spor.phyte. Analysis of DNase footpr.nt pr.files of pollen-specific genes in the spor.phyte displayed closed chr.matin pr.ximal to the star. codon. We descr.be a model of two-staged gene r.gulation in which a lack of nucleosome-fr.e r.gions in pr.moter. and histone modifications in open r.ading fr.mes r.pr.ss pollen-specific genes in the spor.phyte.

关键词： male gametophyte epigenetics gene r.pr.ssion DNase I footpr.nting tr.nscr.ption factor. bioinfor.atics.

Multisensor.Data Fusion for.High Quality Data Analysis and Pr.cessing in Measur.ment and Instr.mentation

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Jour.al of Bionic Engineer.ng 2007年第1期4卷 53-62页

作者： Yan-bo Huang Yu-bin Lan W. C. hoffmann r. E. Lacey USDA Ar. Agr.cultur.l Engineer Areawide Pest Management Research Unit Texas 77845 USA Biological and A g r.cultur.l Engineer.ng Depar.ment Texas A ＆M University Texas 77843-2117 USA

Multisensor.data fusion （MDF） is an emer.ing technology to fuse data fr.m multiple sensor. in or.er.to make a mor. accur.te estimation of the envir.nment thr.ugh measur.ment and detection. Applications of MDF cr.ss a wide spectr.m in militar. and civilian ar.as. With the r.pid evolution of computer. and the pr.lifer.tion of micr.-mechanical/electr.cal systems sensor., the utilization of MDF is being popular.zed in r.sear.h and applications. This paper.focuses on application of MDF for.high quality data analysis and pr.cessing in measur.ment and instr.mentation. A pr.ctical, gener.l data fusion scheme was established on the basis of featur. extr.ction and mer.e of data fr.m multiple sensor.. This scheme integr.tes ar.ificial neur.l networ.s for.high per.or.ance patter. r.cognition. A number.of successful applications in ar.as of NDI （Non-Destr.ctive Inspection） cor.osion detection, food quality and safety char.cter.zation, and pr.cision agr.cultur. ar. descr.bed and discussed in or.er.to motivate new applications in these or.other.ar.as. This paper.gives an over.ll pictur. of using the MDF method to incr.ase the accur.cy of data analysis and pr.cessing in measur.ment and instr.mentation in differ.nt ar.as of applications.

关键词： multisensor.data fusion ar.ificial neur.l networ.s NDI food quality and safety char.cter.zation pr.cision agr.cultur.

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AQUEOUS STABLE Fr.E r.DICAL POLYMEr.ZATION Pr.CESSES

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Chinese Jour.al of Polymer.Science 2004年第4期22卷 309-312页

作者： Andr.a r. Szkur.an michael K. Geor.es Univer.ity of Tor.nto at Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North South Building Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6University of Toronto at Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North South Building Mississauga Ontario L5L 1C6

An over.iew of aqueous polymer.zations, which include emulsion, miniemulsion and suspension polymer.zations, under.stable fr.e r.dical polymer.zation (SFr.) conditions is pr.sented. The success of miniemulsion and suspension SFr. polymer.zations is contr.sted with the difficulties associated with obtaining a stable emulsion polymer.zation. A r.cently developed unique micr.pr.cipitation technique is r.fer.nced as a means of making submicr.n sized par.icles that can be used to achieve a stable emulsion SFr. pr.cess.

关键词： Stable fr.e r.dical polymer.zation Living-r.dical polymer.zation Aqueous polymer.zation Miniemulsion polymer.zation Emulsion polymer.zation Suspension polymer.zation

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Tr.atment technologies for.aqueous per.luor.octanesulfonate (PFOS) and per.luor.octanoate (PFOA)

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Fr.ntier. of Envir.nmental Science & Engineer.ng 2009年第2期3卷 129-151页

作者： Chad D.VECITIS Hyunwoong PAr. Jie CHENG Br.an T.MADEr.michael r.hoffmann W.M.Keck Labor.tor.es California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia 91125USA 3M Envir.nmental Labor.tor. 3M CenterBuilding 260-05-N-17MaplewoodMN 55144-1000USA

Fluor.chemicals(FCs)ar. oxidatively r.calcitr.nt,envir.nmentally per.istent,and r.sistant to most conventional tr.atment *** have unique physiochemical pr.per.ies der.ved fr.m fluor.ne which is the most electr.negative ***(PFOS),and per.luor.octanoate(PFOA)have been detected globally in the hydr.spher.,atmospher. and *** tr.atment technologies such as r.ver.es osmosis,nano-filtr.tion and activated car.on can r.move FCs fr.m ***,inciner.tion of the concentr.ted waste is r.quir.d for.complete FC ***,a number.of alter.ative technologies for.FC decomposition have been *** FC degr.dation technologies span a wide r.nge of chemical pr.cesses including dir.ct photolysis,photocatalytic oxidation,photochemical oxidation,photochemical r.duction,ther.ally-induced r.duction,and sonochemical *** paper.r.views these FC degr.dation technologies in ter.s of kinetics,mechanism,ener.etic cost,and *** optimal PFOS/PFOA tr.atment method is str.ngly dependent upon the FC concentr.tion,backgr.und or.anic and metal concentr.tion,and available degr.dation time.

关键词： fluor.chemical(FC)degr.dation technologies per.luor.ctanesulfonate(PFOS) per.luor.octanoate (PFOA) oxidation r.duction photolysis ther.olysis r.view

Deepening Collabor.tion China and Afr.ca need to fur.her.align development str.tegies to r.alise the immense potential of economic cooper.tion

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ChinAfr.ca 2025年第1期17卷 24-26页

作者： EHIZUELEN michael MITCHELL OMOr.YI Centr. for.Niger.an Studies Institute of African StudiesZhejiang Normal University

Humming factor.es,bustling por.s,and shuttling mer.hants highlight the vibr.ncy of China-Afr.ca economic and tr.de *** the year.,this par.ner.hip has gr.wn significantly,optimising tr.de str.ctur.s and foster.ng mutual *** deepening collabor.tion is evident in China’s r.le as Afr.ca’s lar.est bilater.l tr.ding par.ner.for.15 consecutive *** the fir.t seven months of 2024,tr.de between China and Afr.can countr.es r.ached$167 billion,r.flecting a 5.5-per.ent incr.ase compar.d to the same per.od in *** to the Inter.ational Monetar. Fund,appr.ximately 20 per.ent of Afr.ca’s expor.s now go to China,while 16 per.ent of its impor.s or.ginate ther..

关键词： tr.ding deepening Afr.ca

Machine Lear.ing Techniques in Pr.dicting Hot Defor.ation Behavior.of Metallic Mater.als

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Computer.Modeling in Engineer.ng & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 713-732页

作者： Petr.Opela Josef Walek Jar.mír.Kopecek Depar.ment of Metallur.ical Technologies Faculty of Materials Science and TechnologyVSB–Technical University of OstravaOstrava70800Czech Republic FZU—Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague18200Czech Republic

In engineer.ng pr.ctice,it is often necessar. to deter.ine functional r.lationships between dependent and independent *** r.lationships can be highly nonlinear.and classical r.gr.ssion appr.aches cannot always pr.vide sufficiently r.liable ***,Machine Lear.ing(ML)techniques,which offer.advanced r.gr.ssion tools to addr.ss complicated engineer.ng issues,have been developed and widely *** study investigates the selected ML techniques to evaluate their.suitability for.application in the hot defor.ation behavior.of metallic *** ML-based r.gr.ssion methods of Ar.ificial Neur.l Networ.s(ANNs),Suppor. Vector.Machine(SVM),Decision Tr.e r.gr.ssion(DTr.,and Gaussian Pr.cess r.gr.ssion(GPr.ar. applied to mathematically descr.be hot flow str.ss cur.e datasets acquir.d exper.mentally for.a medium-car.on *** the GPr.method has not been used for.such a r.gr.ssion task befor.,the r.sults showed that its per.or.ance is the most favor.ble and pr.ctically unr.valed;neither.the ANN method nor.the other.studied ML techniques pr.vide such pr.cise r.sults of the solved r.gr.ssion analysis.

关键词： Machine lear.ing Gaussian pr.cess r.gr.ssion ar.ificial neur.l networ.s suppor. vector.machine hot defor.ation behavior