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Clinical features of gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis:Insights from patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in resource-limited Ethiopia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第34期30卷 3883-3893页

作者： Firehiwot A Mengistie Abate B shewaye Abel T Tasamma Zekarias s Ayalew Department of Internal Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Internal Medicine Rheum Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Specialty ClinicAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAdera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common disease worldwide with varying clinical presentations and risk *** data for Africa is lacking,but an increasing trend is expected due to demographic and epidemiological *** endoscopic studies for general gastrointestinal disorders have shown some patients with erosive esophagitis(EE),no studies in Ethiopia have investigated the clinical characteristics,risk factors,and severity of GERD using esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD).AIM To assess the clinical features of GERD in Ethiopian patients who underwent EGD and determine the severity and risk factors of *** We conducted a multicenter,retrospective cross-sectional study of 221 patients diagnosed with GERD and endoscopic findings of EE at Trauma Associated severe Hemorrhage and Amniotic Membrane stem Cell between January 2019 and August *** were collected from electronic medical records and phone call *** used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with sPss version 26 to identify the association between variables with a statistical significance set at P valuesD age of the patients was 44.8(±15.9)years,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:*** most commonly reported symptom was epigastric pain(80.5%),followed by heartburn(43%).Los Angeles(LA)-A EE was diagnosed in 71.1%of patients,followed by LA-B(14.9%),LA-C(7.7%),and LA-D(5.9%).Multivariate analysis showed that age 50 or above,presence of bleeding,and endoscopic findings of duodenitis/duodenopathy were significantly associated with severe EE(Pstricture and Barrett’s esophagus were observed in 4.5%and 1.36%of patients with EE,*** Most of the patients had milder EE with fewer ***,severe EE was more prevalent in older patients and those with duodenitis/duodenopathy.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Erosive esophagitis Hiatal hernia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Heart burn

Vanillin Based Polymers:***(hydrovanilloin-furfural)and Poly(hydrovanilloin-5-hydroxymethylfurfural)

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第9期12卷 1495-1506页

作者： Ananda s.Amarasekara Gabriel Murillo Morales Raghava R.Kommalapati Department of Chemistry Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Center for Energy&Environmental sustainability Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Prairie View A&M University700 University DrivePrairie ViewTX 77446USA

Renewable resources based polymers provides a sustainable alternative to petroleum derived polymeric *** a part of our series on synthesis of vanillin based renewable polymers,we report the synthesis of poly(hydrovanilloin-furfural)[poly(HVL-Fur)]and poly(hydrovanilloin–5-hydromethylfurfural)[poly(HVL-5-HMF)].Vanillin was dimerized to a mixtures of meso/DL-hydrovanilloins with 94%meso product by electrochemical reductive coupling in aqueous sodium hydroxide using lead electrodes in quantitative *** sodium hydroxide catalyzed condensation of hydrovanilloin with furfural in water at 80℃for 72 h was used to synthesize poly(HVL-Fur)with Mw=8600 g mol^(−1),PDI=1.28 in 78%***,condensation of hydrovanilloin with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at 80℃for 48 h produced poly(HVL-5-HMF)with Mw=12,100 g mol−1,PDI=1.27 in 68%***(HVL-Fur)and poly(HVL-5-HMF)showed similar Tg values of 59℃and 60℃,respectively;whereas melting behaviors are dissimilar with Tm 171℃–173℃and 148℃–182℃,respectively.

关键词： Vanillin hydrovanilloin furfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural renewable polymers

Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU ROBERT J.KAsPER NATALIE J.s.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological *** evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected *** disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sARs-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ *** the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of sARs-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with *** studies have found that ACE2 can be released with EVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 *** addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 *** review summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

A critical review of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: Degradation mechanisms and removing strategies

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Environmental science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 62-76页

作者： sameh s.Ali Tamer Elsamahy Rania Al-Tohamy Jianzhong sun Biofuels Institute School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Botany Department Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta31527Egypt

Plastic waste discarded into aquatic environments gradually degrades into smaller fragments,known as microplastics(MPs),which range in size from 0.05 to 5 *** ubiquity of MPs poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and,by extension,human health,as these particles are ingested by various marine organisms including zooplankton,crustaceans,and fish,eventually entering the human food *** contamination threatens the entire ecological balance,encompassing food safety and the health of aquatic ***,developing effective MP removal technologies has emerged as a critical area of ***,we summarize the mechanisms and recently reported strategies for removing MPs from aquatic *** combining physical and chemical pretreatments with microbial degradation have shown promise in decomposing *** such as bacteria,fungi,algae,and specific enzymes are being leveraged in MP remediation *** advancements have focused on innovative methods such as membrane bioreactors,synthetic biology,organosilane-based techniques,biofilm-mediated remediation,and nanomaterial-enabled strategies,with nano-enabled technologies demonstrating substantial potential to enhance MP removal *** review aims to stimulate further innovation in effective MP removal methods,promoting environmental and social well-being.

关键词： Persistent organic pollutants Bioremediation Nanomaterial-enabled strategies Aquatic environment Ecotoxicity of microplastics

A functional gel polymer electrolyte based on PVDF-HFP/gelatin toward dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2790-2799页

作者： Xiaoyi Hu Kangli Liu shijie Zhang Guosheng shao s.Ravi P.silva Peng Zhang state Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon and Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Zhengzhou Materials Genome Institute(ZMGI) ZhongyuanzhiguXingyang 450100China Nanoelectronics Center Advanced Technology InstituteUniversity of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK

The leakage of liquid electrolyte and the formation of lithium dendrites pose challenges to safety and stability of lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The appearance of gel polymer electrolyte(GPE)has obviously improved the safety of traditional ***,the limited inhibition of GPE on lithium dendrites is detrimental to the safety of ***,a kind of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)/gelatin(GN)GPE with high ionic conductivity,high-temperature resistance,and flame-retardancy,was prepared by electrospinning and soaking *** the electrospinning network of PVDF-HFP,its affinity to liquid electrolytes,makes this GPE more beneficial to ions transport and the formation of ***,the GN with sol–gel properties,enhances the mechanical property(13.5 MPa)of HFP-GN ***,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)and density functional theory(DFT)suggest that the attraction of polar groups of GN to Li+can regulate the distribution of Li+and protect Li ***,the application of HFP-GN GPEs to LMBs with cathodes of LiFePO_(4) and LiCoO_(2) deliver excellent electrochemical performances:after 300 cycles,the LiFePO_(4)/HFP-GN GPE/Li battery keeps a low capacity decay rate of 0.09%at 5 C;after 400 cycles at 2 C,the LiCoO_(2)/HFP-GN GPE/Li cell retains a high capacity retention of 74%.This GPE is demonstrated for the application prospect of safe LMBs.

关键词： poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) gelatin polar groups lithium metal battery lithium dendrite

Real-world clinical efficacy of tofacitinib in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第34期30卷 3929-3931页

作者： sara R Lopes Claudio Martins Madalena Teixeira David Tomás Department of Gastroenterology Unidade Local de Saúde da Arrábida-Hospital de São BernardoSetúbal 2910-446Portugal

Tofacitinib is an oral small-molecule Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitor that preferentially inhibits JAK1 and *** efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis(UC)as well as its safety profile has been demonstrated in multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled ***,real-world studies evaluating the effectiveness and adverse effects of tofacitinib have been conducted,affirming its clinical efficacy in moderate-to-severe UC.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Tofacitinib Real-world studies Inflammatory bowel disease Janus kinase inhibitor

Energy Management of Price-maker Community Energy storage by stochastic Dynamic Programming

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CsEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2024年第2期10卷 492-503页

作者： Lirong Deng Xuan Zhang Tianshu Yang Hongbin sun Yang Fu Qinglai Guo shmuel s.Oren Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200000China Tsinghua-Berkeley shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Risk Analytics and Optimization Chair EPFLSwitzerlandand also with Power Systems LaboratoryETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland state Key Laboratory of Power systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In this paper,we propose an analytical stochastic dynamic programming(sDP)algorithm to address the optimal management problem of price-maker community energy *** a price-maker,energy storage smooths price differences,thus decreasing energy arbitrage ***,this price-smoothing effect can result in significant external welfare changes by reduc-ing consumer costs and producer revenues,which is not negligible for the community with energy storage *** such,we formulate community storage management as an sDP that aims to maximize both energy arbitrage and community *** incorporate market interaction into the sDP format,we propose a framework that derives partial but sufficient market information to approximate impact of storage operations on market *** we present an analytical sDP algorithm that does not require state *** from computational efficiency,another advantage of the analytical algorithm is to guide energy storage to charge/discharge by directly comparing its current marginal value with expected future marginal *** studies indicate community-owned energy storage that maximizes both arbitrage and welfare value gains more benefits than storage that maximizes only *** proposed algorithm ensures optimality and largely reduces the computational complexity of the standard *** Terms-Analytical stochastic dynamic programming,energy management,energy storage,price-maker,social welfare.

关键词： Analytical stochastic dynamic programming energy management energy storage price-maker social welfare

The CCD instrument background of the sMILE sXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.W.J.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.J.Hall T.W.Buggey s.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland C.Pagani s.sembay Centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The EsA and CAs sMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** soft X-ray Imager(sXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the CCDs(Charge-Coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the sXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GCRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

synthetic polymers:A review of applications in drilling fluids

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Petroleum science 2024年第1期21卷 475-518页

作者： shadfar Davoodi Mohammed Al-shargabi David A.Wood Valeriy s.Rukavishnikov Konstantin M.Minaev school of Earth sciences&Engineering Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityLenin AvenueTomskRussia DWA Energy Limited LincolnUnited Kingdom

With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various ***,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(sPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling ***,compared to modified natural polymers,sPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization *** provide substantial flexibility in their ***,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling *** can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to ***,some of sPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent sP use in some medium and deep ***,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of sPs in drilling *** contributions of sPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in *** mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when sPs are added to drilling fluids are also *** typical challenges encountered by sPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also *** issues also impact the applications of sPs in drilling ***,the cost of the most relevant sPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are *** impacts of sPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and t

关键词： synthetic versus natural polymers Nanopolymers Drilling fluid additives Lubricity Clay swelling Hole cleaning