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The role of dopamine innervation in the plasticity of the motor cortex

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The role of dopamine innervation in the plasticity of the mo...

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： wing-ho Yung School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine ＆ Gerald Choa Neuroscience CenterThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

The motor cortex plays a key role in motor control as its output directly generates movement. however, it is known that the motor cortex also exhibits a high degree of plasticity that may be important in both health and disease. Here I provide evidence to support that dopaminergic innervation arising from the midbrain plays critical roles in the process of acquiring novel motor skills. Based on extracellular multiunit recordings from conscious freely moving rats, we investigated the dynamics of neurons in the output layer 5 b（L5 b） of the primary motor cortex during the training of a forelimb reaching for food task. We found a subpopulation of task-recruited layer 5 b neurons that not only became more movement-encoding during motor learning, but their activities were also more temporally aligned to motor execution. These phenomena were accompanied by the emergence of reproducible neuro-dynamics of the L5 b neuronal ensemble and training-induced long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to these neurons, but were highly disrupted by local denervation of dopaminergic inputs originating from the ventral tegmental area. Our findings highlight the importance of the plasticity of the motor cortex in health and disease that are mediated by the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway.

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Mechanism of GABA ionic plasticity:the tale of two proteins

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Mechanism of GABA ionic plasticity:the tale of two proteins

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： wing-ho YUNG School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous *** form of synaptic plasticity of GABA transmission,known as ionic plasticity,is expressed as a rapid change in the synaptic strength within *** is an interesting and potentially important phenomenon as it is a unique property of GABA synapse and is often expressed in trauma and disease states of the nervous ***,the mechanisms of GABA ionic plasticity,especially in the mature nervous system,are still largely *** examining the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) on GABA receptor signaling in cerebellar Purkinje neurons,we discovered that BDNF induces GABA ionic plasticity by acutely decreasing the strength of GABA *** effect is blocked by inhibitors of neuronal potassium and chloride transporter KCC2 or by raising the intracellular chloride *** these conditions in which KCC2 activity is reduced,BDNF augments evoked GABA currents,suggesting a direct facilitatory effect of BDNF on GABA *** data also suggest that the effect of BDNF is highly localized at the GABA synapse and is secured by physical coupling between GABA receptor and KCC2,as revealed by co-immunoprecipitation *** both the effects of BDNF on GABA receptor and KCC2 are dependent on TrkB,only the effect of BDNF on KCC2 activity is dependent on a rise of intracellular calcium ion while the facilitatory action of BDNF on GABA receptor is dependent on activation of *** on these results,we hypothesize that the interaction between KCC2 and specific subunit of GABA receptor represents a fundamental mechanism rendering the rapid induction of ionic plasticity in individual or input-specific GABA synapses possible.

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Monday blues of deceased-donor liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第1期10卷 26-29页

作者： See Ching Chan wing Chiu Dai Chung Mau Lo Banny Lam Yuen Man Kwan Wai Yi ho Sheung Tat Fan Department of Surgery Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong Kong

BACKGROUND:There is a constant and global shortage of deceased-donor organs for *** to identify areas for securing potential deceased-donor organs may improve the supply and hence benefit more patients in need of transplantation. METhoDS:We looked into the disparity of the number of deceased-donor liver transplantation(DDLT)performed at our hospital on different days of the weeks from January 2000 to the end of December 2009(237 DDLTs).The number of DDLT performed on each day was compared with the other days of the week. RESULTS:It was apparent that there were fewer DDLTs on Mondays,as shown by the numbers of DDLT performed on different days of the week in an ascending order:Monday 18(7.6%),Sunday 30(12.7%),Thursday 34(14.3%),Friday 36(15.2%),Wednesday 38(16.0%),Tuesday 40(16.9%), and Saturday 41(17.3%).The difference reached statistical significance when Monday was compared with Tuesday (P=0.019),Wednesday(P=0.010),Friday(P=0.021),and Saturday(P=0.007).It was twice as unlikely a DDLT would be performed on Monday as compared with other *** a trend did not change even with an increase in the number of deceased-donor liver grafts in the last *** consent to donation was obtained from the donor family the day before DDLT,fewer consents were thus obtained on ***:These findings suggested that deceased-donor organ donation activities were less active on Sundays and could be *** further raises the concern of possible wastage of potential cases of organ donation.

关键词： deceased-donor liver transplantation graft shortage organ donation

Developmental toxicity evaluation of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae:in-vivo and in-vitro studies

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Developmental toxicity evaluation of Rhizoma Atractylodis Ma...

中国毒理学会第五次全国学术大会

作者： Kelvin Sze-Yin leung Kingfai Cheng Chan wing leung hong Kong Baptist UniversityL The Chinese University of hong Kong

＜正＞Backgroud Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae （RAM）is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz in the Compositae *** is a commonly used tonic herb in China in the treatment of diarrhea,lack of appetite, anorexia,mental fatigue and other *** herb has also been used for thousands of years to treat pregnant disorders for preventing abortion during early ***, there is no sufficient evidence so far to identify its embryotoxicity and teratogenicity.

关键词： Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae developmental toxicity mouse embryonic stem cell

Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for benign prostatic hyperplasia： systematic review of randomized controlled trials

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 471-482,I0007页

作者： Chun ho Ma Wai Ling Lin Sing leung Lui Xun-Yuan Cai Vivian Taam Wong Kun-Yuan Cai Eric Zie Zhang-Jin Zhang The University of hong Kong School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong 852 China The University of hong Kong Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong China and 3Hospital Authority Chinese Medicine Section Hong Kong China

Chinese herbal medicine is commonly used as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH）, but its efficacy and safety remain to be examined. To compare the efficacy and adverse events of Chinese herbal medicine alone or used adjuvantly with Western medications for BPH. Two independent reviewers searched the major electronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing Chinese herbal medicine, either in single or adjuvant use with Western medication, with placebo or Western medication. Relevant journals and grey literature were also hand-searched. The outcome measures included changes in urological symptoms, urodynamic measures, prostate volume and adverse events. The frequency of commonly used herbs was also identified. Out of 13 922 identified citations of publications, 31 studies were included. Eleven studies with a Jadad score i〉 3 were selected for meta-analysis. Chinese herbal medicine was superior to Western medication in improving quality of life and reducing prostate volume. The frequency of adverse events in Chinese herbal medicine was similar to that of placebo and less than that of Western medication. The evidence is too weak to support the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for BPH due to the poor methodological quality and small number of trials included. The commonly used herbs identified here should provide insights for future clinical practice and research. Larger randomized controlled trials of better quality are needed to truly evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) meta-analysis review traditional Chinese medicine

Neuroscience teaching:an integrated approach at the Chinese University of hong Kong

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Neuroscience teaching:an integrated approach at the Chinese ...

中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： wing-ho Yung School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong

As an important and also expanding field,neuroscience has always occupied a significant portion in the teaching of medical and other paramedical courses in the Chinese University of hong Kong（CUHK）.however,before the curriculum reform of the medical course at CUHK about a decade ago,neuroscience topics were scattered in different traditional courses like anatomy,physiology,biochemistry and ***,neuroscience as a panel subject of the ’system-based’ medical curriculum is now taught as a fully independent *** of this integrated course come from all disciplines in the pre-clinical as well as clinical *** main advantage of this approach is the better integration of different aspects,*** and physiology,of a single *** repetition and contradiction are *** addition,students will have earlier exposure to clinically related *** didactic lectures are integrated with tutorials and laboratory sessions to achieve the best result.

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X-reality for phantom limb management for amputees:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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再生工程(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 134-151页

作者： James Chung-Wai Cheung Daphne Sze Ki Cheung Ming Ni Kam-Wai Chen Ye-Jiao Mao Lin Feng wing-Kai Lam Duo Wai-Chi Wong Aaron Kam-Lun leung Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Nursing The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Orthopaedics Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Sports Information and External Affairs Centre Hong Kong Sports InstituteHong KongChina Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Rehabilitation Science The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Phantom limb is a disabling neuropsychiatric condition among amputees resulting in pain and disturbance that impact their functions,quality of life,and *** pharmacological approaches appeared to be ineffec-tive,the emergence and integration of X-reality,including virtual reality,augmented reality,and mixed reality,might elevate the effectiveness of mirror therapy in managing phantom *** objective of this study is to review X-reality for managing phantom pain.A systematic search was conducted on PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Embase,and ***(n=16)studies containing 66 lower-limb and 53 upper-limb amputees were included for the review over the thematic framework of amputee characteristics and intervention designs,while thirteen(n=13)studies were further proceeded for the *** found eleven studies on virtual reality(n=11),four studies on marker-based augmented reality(n=4)and one study on mixed reality(n=1)with a total of 40 game/task themes involving,motor skills,motor control,and ***,all these interventions adopted the movement representation strategies with different ***,the X-reality interventions reduced the pain level of the amputees(mean difference:-2.30,95%CI,-3.38 to-1.22),especially the virtual reality subgroup(mean difference:-2.83,95%CI,-4.43 to-1.22).however,there were substantial heterogeneity and partially explained by the subgroup analysis on publication *** strength of evidence was limited by case reports and case series in this review.

关键词： Extended reality Limb telescoping Phantom pain Phantom sensation

Design and Demonstration of Insect Mimicking Foldable Artificial wing Using Four-Bar Linkage Systems

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第3期11卷 449-458页

作者： Quang-Tri Truong Byoma wing Argyoganendro hoon Cheol Park Laboratory of Applied Mechanics Faculty of Applied Science HCMUT Ho Chi Minh City 740-128 Vietnam Biomimetics and Intelligent Microsystem Laboratory Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea Artificial Muscle Research Center Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Korea

In this work, we develop an artificial foldable wing that mimics the hind wing of a beetle （Allomyrina dichotoma）. In real flight, the beetle unfolds forewings and hind wings, and maintains the unfolded configuration unless it is exhausted. The artificial wing has to be able to maintain a fully unfolded configuration while flapping at a desirable flapping frequency. The artificial foldable hind wing developed in this work is based on two four-bar linkages which adapt the behaviors of the beetle＇s hind wing. The four-bar-linkages are designed to mimic rotational motion of the wing base and the vein folding/unfolding motion of the beetle＇s hind wing. The behavior of the artificial wings, which are installed in a flapping-wing system, is observed using a high-speed camera. The observation shows that the wing could maintain a fully unfolded configuration during flapping motion. A series of thrust measurements are also conducted to estimate the force generated by the flapping-wing system with foldable artificial wings. Although the artificial foldable wings give added burden to the flapping-wing system because of its weight, the thrust measurement results show that the flapping-wing system could still generate reasonable thrust.

关键词： beetle's hind wing folding/unfolding motion flapping-wing system foldable wing four-bar linkage configuration thrust measurement

Glucose metabolism controls humanγδ-cell-mediated tumor immunosurveillance in diabetes

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第8期19卷 944-956页

作者： Xiaofeng Mu Zheng Xiang Yan Xu Jing He Jianwen Lu Yuyuan Chen Xiwei Wang Chloe Ran Tu Yanme Wenyue Zhang Zhinan Yin wing-hang leung Yu-Lung Lau Yinping Liu Wenwei Tu Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARPR China The First Affliated hospital Faculty of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632 GuangdongPR China Zhuhai Precision Medical Center Zhuhai People's Hospital(Zhuhai Hospital Affliated with Jinan University)Jinan UniversityZhuhai 519000 GuangdongPR China The Biomedical Translational Research Institute Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632 GuangdongPR China GuangDong 999 Brain hospital Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvincePR China Department of Endocrinology Guangzhou First People's HospitalSchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510180PR China Computational and Systems Biology Interdepartmental Program University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have an increased risk of *** effect of glucose metabolism onγδT cells and their impact on tumor surveillance remain ***,we showed that high glucose induced Warburg effect type of bioenergetic profle in Vy9vδ2 T cells,leading to excessive lactate accumulation,which further inhibited lytic granule secretion by impairing the traffcking of cytolytic machinery to the Vy9vδ2 T-cell-tumor synapse by suppressing AMPK activation and resulted in the loss of antitumor activity in vitro,in vivo and in ***,activating the AMPK pathway through glucose control or metformin treatment reversed the metabolic abnormalities and restored the antitumor activity of Vy9vδ2 T *** results suggest that the impaired antitumor activity of Vy9vδ2 T cells induced by dysregulated glucose metabolism may contribute to the increased cancer risk in T2DM patients and that metabolic reprogramming by targeting the AMPK pathway with metformin may improve tumor immunosurveillance.

关键词： γδT cells Glucose metabolism Tumor surveillance Lactate AMPK T2DM