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Environmental sustainability of grey water footprints in Peshawar Basin:Current and future reduced flow scenarios for Kabul River

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 162-168页

作者： Tariq Khan hizbullah Khan Department of Environmental Sciences University of Haripur22640Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar25000Pakistan

Assessing water pollution at basin level is a challenging *** this study,the environmental sustainability of grey water footprints(WFgrey)of Peshawar Basin in Pakistan was *** release of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)from point and non-point sources during the period 1986 to 2015 were *** pollution level(WPL)for normal and 10%-50%future reduced runoff in Kabul River as a result of construction of dams was *** described in Water Footprint Assessment Manual and Grey Water Footprint Accounting Guidelines were *** showed that 30-year annual average of N and P discharges were 24.5×10^(3)t/a and 10.9×10^(4)t/a *** discharge of N and P from non-point sources contribute 97%and 99%respectively.N related WFgrey was 50×10^(8)m^(3)/a and 50×10^(9)m^(3)/a for *** of N was within the sustainable limit for all reduced runoff scenarios while P-related WPL for normal runoff exceeded sustainable limits and was worse in each reduced runoff *** study confirms the deteriorated water quality of Kabul River and the findings may be helpful for future planning and water resource management of the basin.

关键词： sustainability grey water footprint nitrogen phosphorus water pollution Kabul River Pakistan

Superposition of Stationary Wave Fields Via Atom Microscopy

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2015年第3期63卷 340-346页

作者： hizbullah Anwar Ali khan Naveed Khan Iftikhar Ahmad Bakht Amin Bacha Department of Physics University of Malakand Chakdara Department of Physics Hazara University

We investigate one-dimensional position microscopy of a three-level atom moving through a stationary wave region under the condition of electromagnetically induced *** precise position information of an atom is observed on the resonance absorption and dispersion distribution spectrum of a weak probe *** and multiple localization peaks are observed in specific directions of the corresponding wave numbers and phase of the standing wave *** strength of space-independent Rabi frequency reduces the position uncertainty in the localized peaks without disturbing the probability of the *** a hot atomic medium the localized probability of an atom is reduced which depends upon the temperature of that *** results provide useful applications in the development of laser cooling,atom nanolithography and Bose-Einstein condensation.

关键词：原子显微镜驻波场叠加电磁诱导透明位置信息爱因斯坦凝聚原子介质三能级原子

Health risks associated with heavy metals in the drinking water of Swat,northern Pakistan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第10期25卷 2003-2013页

作者： Kifayatullah Khan Yonglong Lu hizbullah Khan Shahida Zakir Ihsanullah Sardar Khan Akbar Ali Khan Luo Wei Tieyu Wang Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture

The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were investigated in drinking water sources （surface and groundwater） collected from Swat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The potential health risks of heavy metals to the local population and their possible source apportionment were also studied. Heavy metal concentrations were analysed using atomic absorption spectrometer and compared with permissible limits set by Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency and World Health Organization. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were higher than their respective permissible limits, while Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations were observed within their respective limits. Health risk indicators such as chronic daily intake （CDI） and health risk index （HRI） were calculated for adults and children separately. CDIs and HRIs of heavy metals were found in the order of Cr 〉 Mn 〉 Ni 〉 Zn 〉 Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb and Cd 〉 Ni 〉 Mn 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Zn, respectively. HRIs of selected heavy metals in the drinking water were less than 1, indicating no health risk to the local people. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses showed that geologic and anthropogenic activities were the possible sources of water contamination with heavy metals in the study area.

关键词： daily intake drinking water health risk heavy metals multivariate analysis

Prevalent fecal contamination in drinking water resources and potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 1-12页

作者： Kifayatullah Khan Yonglong Lu Mian Abdal Saeed Hazrat Bilal Hassan Sher hizbullah Khan Jafar Ali Pei Wang Herman Uwizeyimana Yvette Baninla Qifeng Li Zhaoyang Liu Javed Nawab Yunqiao Zhou Chao Su Ruoyu Liang Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences University of SwatSwat 19130 Pakistan State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity University of SwatSwat 19130 Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan Laboratory of Environmental Nanomaterials Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China Department of Environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan Pakistan

Fecal bacteria contaminate water resources and result in associated waterborne *** study assessed drinking water quality and evaluated their potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan. Ground and surface drinking water were randomly collected from upstream to downstream in the River Swat watershed and analyzed for fecal contamination using fecal indicator bacteria（Escherichia coli） and physiochemical parameters（potential of hydrogen, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, color, odor and taste）. The physiochemical parameters were within their safe limits except in a few locations, whereas, the fecal contaminations in drinking water resources exceeded the drinking water quality standards of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency（Pak-EPA）,2008 and World Health Organization（WHO）, 2011. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that downstream urbanization trend, minimum distance between water sources and pit latrines/sewerage systems, raw sewage deep well injection and amplified urban,pastures and agricultural runoffs having human and animal excreta were the possible sources of contamination. The questionnaire survey revealed that majority of the local people using 10–20 years old drinking water supply schemes at the rate of 73% well supply,13% hand pump supply, 11% spring supply and 3% river/streams supply, which spreads high prevalence of water borne diseases including hepatitis, intestinal infections and diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, jaundice and skin diseases in children followed by older and younger adults.

关键词： Drinking water Fecal contamination Health risks Pakistan

Prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori duodenal ulcer in Karachi,Pakistan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第23期11卷 3562-3565页

作者： Javed Yakoob Wasim Jafri Nadim Jafri Muhammad Islam Shahab Abid Saeed Hamid Hasnain AliShah hizbullah Shaikh Section of Gastroenterology

AIM: To determine the prevalence of non-Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-related duodenal ulcer in patients with acid-peptic ***: Medical records of patients who attended the Gastroenterology Department at Aga Khan University Hospital from 1999 to 2001 and had endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal ulcers were reviewed. Duodenal ulcer associated with H pylori was diagnosed on the basis of endoscopy,rapid urease test and histopathology whereas histories of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) related duodenal ulcers. Non-H pylori, non-NSAID duodenal ulcers were those without H pylori infection and history of NSAID intake. Co-morbid conditions associated were ***: Of 2 260 patients, 10% (217/2 260) had duodenal ulcer. Duodenal ulcer related to H pylori infectionaccounted for 53% (116/217), NSAID-related 10% (22/217),non-H pylori non-NSAID 29% (62/217), and 8% (17/217) had both Hpyloriinfection and histories of NSAID intake. Fifteen percent (18/116)_patients had past histories of peptic ulcer disease in Hpyloriinfection, while 8% (5/62) in non-Hpylorinon-NSAID ulcer. Co-morbid conditions in H pylori infection were seen in 23% (27/116) and 34%(21/62) in non-H pylori non-NSAID ***: Incidence of H pylori infection related with duodenal ulcer is common. In the presence of co-morbids, non-Hpyloriand non-NSAID duodenal ulcer is likely to be present.

关键词：卡拉奇巴基斯坦消化道溃疡幽门螺杆菌细菌感染流行病学

Giardiasis in patients with dyspeptic symptoms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第42期11卷 6667-6670页

作者： Javed Yakoob Wasim Jafri Shahab Abid Nadim Jafri Saeed Hamid Hasnain Ali Shah Lubna Rizvi Muhammad Islam hizbullah Shaikh Section of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi 74800 Sindh Pakistan Department of Pathology Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi 74800 Sindh Pakistan

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of giardiasis in patients with dyspeptic ***: Clinical records of consecutive patients who attended Gastroenterology Department at Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2000 to June 2003 and had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with duodenal biopsies and international classification of diseases 9th revision with clinical modifications (ICD-9-CM) coded with giardiasis were ***: Two hundred and twenty patients fulfilled the above criteria. There were 44% (96/220) patients who were giardiasis positive, 72% (69/96) of them were males and 28% (27/96) of them were *** were 65% (81/124) males and 35% (43/124)females who were giardiasis negative. The mean age of patients with giardiasis was 28±17 years, while that of giardiasis negative patients was 40±18 years (P＜0.001).In patients with giardiasis, abdominal pain was present in 71% (68/96) of patients (P = 0.02) and diarrhea in 29% (28/96) (P = 0.005); duodenitis in 25% (24/96) on EGD (P = 0.006) and in 68% (65/96) on histopathology (P = 0.002).CONCLUSION: Giardiasis occurs significantly in young people with abdominal pain, while endoscopic duodenitis is seen in only 25% of giardiasis positive cases, which supports routine duodenal biopsy.

关键词：贾第虫病消化不良寄生虫病临床表现