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Proposal of a Model of a Three-Dimensional Spherical Universe

Journal of Modern Physics 2022年第9期13卷 1253-1266页

作者： hitoshi Shibata Norio Ogata Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Osaka Japan R & D Department Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Kyoto Japan

Despite the existence of several exact solutions to the general theory of relativity, it is still difficult to explain the entire structure of the universe. In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional spherical (S3) universe model. According to this model, the universe had a powerful gravity source at its origin, and a part of the gravitational source formed a bubble of spacetime in which the universe was born. The universe expanded explosively immediately after the Big Bang. The energy obtained from the gravity source at the birth of the universe is constant, that is, it remains constant from the birth of the universe to the end. The expansion and contraction of the universe is determined by the passage of coordinate time. The S3 universe observed from outside can be considered to be a two-dimensional spherical surface by projecting it onto a three-dimensional space. On the other hand, the visible universe viewed from inside is observed as a three-dimensional sphere with an arbitrary observation point. The origin of the S3 universe can be seen to be evenly spread in the outer shell of the visible universe. We define visible longitude as the difference between an observation point and its farthest light source. At an initial phase of the expansion of the universe, few stars can be seen, because the visible longitude is small. However, when the expansion of the universe progresses, the number of visible stars also increases, since visible longitude increases. In our S3 universe model, the redshifts observed and reported so far in literature appear to indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Our S3 universe model can thus lead to a novel exact solution to general relativity.

关键词： Redshift S3 Universe Expansion General Relativity Big Bang

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Apparent Accelerated Expansion of the Three-Dimensional Spherical Universe Observed during Its Contraction Phase

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Journal of Modern Physics 2023年第S1期14卷 1693-1702页

作者： hitoshi Shibata Norio Ogata Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Osaka Japan R & D Department Taiko Pharmaceutical Company Limited Seikacho Japan

In recent years, it has been thought that the expansion of the universe has begun to accelerate. However, there are other views against this. Here we propose a new theory based on the three-dimensional spherical (S3) universe wherein the same observations as the present universe can also be found by the accelerated contraction of the universe. According to our theory, the expansion velocity of the S3 universe slowed down after the Big Bang, and all the kinetic energy was converted into potential energy to reach the great sphere. After that, accelerated contraction begins, and the universe finally converges to an original single point. In the S3 universe, the passage of time (referred to as “proper time”) changes depending on its expansion velocity. The frequency of light emitted from celestial bodies is determined by their proper time on emission, and when the light is observed by observers having different proper time, a redshift or blueshift is observed. Observers in the expansion phase observe redshifts, because the proper time of the observer progresses faster than that of emitted light, but observers in the contraction phase observe an accelerated delay of the proper time, so the progress of the proper time is reversed based upon its order from nearby celestial bodies, a blueshift is observed, and its range of observable distance increases. The results of this early contraction phase are consistent with the observations of the current universe. In conclusion, the S3 universe may be able to explain the geometrical structure of the current universe.

关键词： Three-Dimensional Universe Spherical Universe Redshift Big Bang

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Morrey Spaces for Non-doubling Measures

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2005年第6期21卷 1535-1544页

作者： Yoshihiro SAWANO hitoshi TANAKA Graduate. School of Mathematical Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 KomabaMeguro-ku Tokyo 153-8914 Japan

The authors give a natural definition of Morrey spaces for Radon measures which may be non-doubling but satisfy certain growth condition, and investigate the boundedness in these spaces of some classical operators in ... 详细信息

关键词： Morrey space non-doubling measure vector-valued

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Current Ramp-up by Microwave Power in the LATE Device

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Plasma Science and Technology 2009年第4期11卷 394-396页

作者： Takashi MAEKAWA hitoshi TANAKA Masaki UCHIDA Graduate School of Energy Science Kyoto University

In the low aspect ratio torus experiment （LATE） device, plasma current is initiated and ramped up to 20 kA solely by microwave power at the electron cyclotron （EC） range of frequency with a ramp of the external vertical field By for the radial equilibrium of plasma torus at larger currents. Measurements suggest that an energetic electron tail in the energy range of about 200 keV carries the current. The line averaged electron density is higher than the plasma cutoff density, suggesting that tail electrons might be driven by electron Bernstein waves modeconverted from the launched electromagnetic waves.

关键词： current ramp-up microwave electron cyclotron range of frequency

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Evidence of spin density wave of CeOs4Sb12

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Rare Metals 2006年第S1期25卷 550-552页

作者： IWASA Kazuaki SUGAWARA hitoshi SATO Hideyuki Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo 192-0397 Japan

Elastic neutron diffraction measurements were performed on single crystals to study the ground state below the mysterious exotic transition temperature 0.86 K. An antiferromagnetic order with a tiny moment of 0.027 μB per formula is formed as the ground state for CeOs4Sb12 below the transition point. Our neutron data gives the evidence of spin density wave state for CeOs4Sb12 in this work.

关键词： elastic neutron scattering skutterudite structure antiferromagnetic ordering spin density wave

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Comparative Study on Structural Redundancy of Cable-Stayed and Extradosed Bridges Through Safety Assessment of Their Stay Cables

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Engineering 2021年第1期7卷 111-123页

作者： Khawaja Ali Hiroshi Katsuchi hitoshi Yamada Department of Civil Engineering Yokohama National UniversityYokohama 240-8501Japan

This study provides new insights into the comparison of cable-stayed and extradosed bridges based on the safety assessment of their stay *** bridges are often regarded as identical structures owing to the use of inclined cables;however,the international standards for bridge design stipulate different safety factors for stay cables of both types of *** address this misconception,a comparative study was carried out on the safety factors of stay cables under fatigue and ultimate limit states by considering the effects of various untoward and damaging factors,such as overloading,cable loss,and *** primary goal of this study is to describe the structural disparities between both types of bridges and evaluate their structural redundancies by employing deterministic and nondeterministic *** achieve this goal,three-dimensional finite-element models of both bridges were developed based on the current design guidelines for stay cables in *** the balanced states of the bridge models were achieved,static analyses were performed for different safety factors of stay cables in a parametric ***,the first-order reliability method and Monte Carlo method were applied to determine the reliability index of stay *** analysis results show that cable-stayed and extradosed bridges exhibit different structural redundancies for different safety factors under the same loading ***,a significant increase in structural redundancy occurs with an incremental increase in the safety factors of stay cables.

关键词： Cable-stayed bridge Extradosed bridge Redundancy Stay cable Safety factor Reliability analysis

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Structure of polyelectrolyte brushes studied by coarse grain simulations

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Friction 2014年第1期2卷 73-81页

作者： hitoshi WASHIZU Tomoyuki KINJO Hiroaki YOSHIDA Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc.41-1 YokomichiNagakuteAichi 480-1192Japan Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries Kyoto UniversityKatsuraKyoto 615-8520Japan

As an example of a very low friction system,Monte Carlo Brownian dynamics simulations have been used to calculate equilibrium structures of a polyelectrolyte brush grafted onto *** polymers were calculated in a semi-flexible coarse-grain model that is appropriate to treat the charge density of the *** effect of linear charge density on the polyionx,the surface negative charge,and added salts were *** salt-free solution,scaling theories predicted the structure well in the *** the highxregion,additional shrinkage was found from the theories due to counterion *** effect of surface charge showed not only the repulsion of the polyion from the surface but also the shrinkage in the highxregion due to the additional counterions required for electrical *** addition of salts led to the shrinkage of the brush heights,and in the highxregion,additional extension was *** computational strategy for calculating the friction dynamics of the system is also discussed.

关键词： polyelectrolyte brush friction Monte Carlo Brownian dynamics simulation soft materials automotive tribology

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Practical Method for Designing Gas Conditions of Atomic Layer Deposition

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2022年第4期12卷 197-209页

作者： Linsheng Xie hitoshi Habuka Harunori Ushikawa Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan Watty Corporation Sagamihara Japan

In order to effectively develop the atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor and process, having huge potentials and applications in the advanced technology fields, a practical design method of the gas conditions for the ALD was studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The design method consisting of the following four steps was studied. 1) At a low gas pressure producing no gas recirculation, the maximum difference in the gas phase temperature from the sample stage temperature, ΔT, was obtained at various chamber wall temperatures. 2) The ΔT value was studied at various gas pressures producing the gas recirculation. 3) For determining the applicable process conditions, contour diagrams of the temperature uniformity were obtained utilizing the temperature uniformity equations consisting of various process parameters. 4) The relationships of the maximum gas residence time with the gas flow rate and the gas pressure were obtained. The process in this study is expected to be practical for designing the thermal and gas flow conditions for achieving a fast ALD.

关键词： Atomic Layer Deposition Gas Temperature Uniformity Gas Residence Time Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Impact of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation on accelerated liver regeneration in a rat ALPPS model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第5期29卷 867-878页

作者： hitoshi Masuo Akira Shimizu Hiroaki Motoyama Koji Kubota Tsuyoshi Notake Takahiro Yoshizawa Kiyotaka Hosoda Koya Yasukawa Akira Kobayashi Yuji Soejima Division of Gastroenterological Hepato-Biliary-PancreaticTransplantation and Pediatric SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryShinshu University School of MedicineMatsumoto 390-8621Japan

BACKGROUND Although the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)induces more rapid liver regeneration than portal vein embolization,the mechanism remains *** To assess the influence of inflammatory cytokines and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)activation on liver regeneration in *** The future liver remnant/body weight(FLR/BW)ratio,hepatocyte proliferation,inflammatory cytokine expression,and activation of the Akt-eNOS pathway were evaluated in rat ALPPS and portal vein ligation(PVL)*** proliferation was assessed based on Ki-67 expression,which was confirmed using *** serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were measured using enzyme linked immune-solvent *** Akt-eNOS pathway was assessed using western *** explore the role of inflammatory cytokines and NO,Kupffer cell inhibitor gadolinium chloride(GdCl3),NOS inhibitor N-nitro-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME),and NO enhancer molsidomine were administered *** The ALPPS group showed significant FLR regeneration(FLR/BW:1.60%±0.08%,P<0.05)compared with that observed in the PVL group(1.33%±0.11%)48 h after *** the ALPPS group,serum interleukin-6 expression was suppressed using GdCl3 to the same extent as that in the PVL ***,the FLR/BW ratio and Ki-67 labeling index were significantly higher in the ALPPS group administered GdCl3(1.72%±0.19%,P<0.05;22.25%±1.30%,P<0.05)than in the PVL group(1.33%±0.11%and 12.78%±1.55%,respectively).Phospho-Akt Ser473 and phospho-eNOS Ser1177 levels were enhanced in the ALPPS group compared with those in the PVL *** was no difference between the ALPPS group treated with L-NAME and the PVL group in the FLR/BW ratio and Ki-67 labeling *** the PVL group treated with molsidomine,the FLR/BW ratio and Ki-67 labeling index increased to the same level as in the ALPPS *** Early induction of inflammatory cytokines may n

关键词： Hepatectomy Nitric oxide Liver regeneration Cytokines NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester Molsidomine

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Metabolism and Long-distance Translocationof Cytokinins

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 53-60页

作者： Toru Kudo Takatoshi Kiba hitoshi Sakakibara RIKEN Plant Science Center

During plant development, distantly-located organs must communicate in order to adapt morphological and physiological features in response to environmental inputs. Among the recognized signaling molecules, a class of phytohormones known as the cytokinins functions as both local and long-distance regulatory signals for the coordination of plant development. This cytokinin-dependent communication system consists of orchestrated regulation of the metabolism, translocation, and signal transduction of this phytohormone class. Here, to gain insight into this elaborate signaling system, we summarize current models of biosynthesis, transmembrane transport, and long-distance translocation of cytokinins in higher plants.

关键词： Metabolism and Long-distance Translocationof Cytokinins Figure IPT Long

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