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Scenario analysis for reduction of pollutant load discharged from a watershed by recycling of treated water for irrigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 878-884页

作者： Eisaku Shiratani Yoshiyuki Munakata Ikuo Yoshinaga Tomijiro Kubota Koji Hamada Tadayoshi hitomi National Institute for Rural Engineering Kokusai Kogyo Co.Ltd. National Agricultural Research Centre for Kyushu Okinawa Region

A model in which a river model was layered on a distributed model （double-layered model） was developed to analyse the transport of water and pollutants （nitrogen, phosphorus, and BOD as organic matter） in watersheds and rivers. The model was applied to the watershed of Abragafuchi Lake, Japan, where serious water pollution has occurred over three decades, and the applicability of the model was demonstrated. Scenarios of recycling of sewage treated-water into agriculture to reduce pollutant load discharged into the lake were analysed. The results showed that irrigating paddy fields with the sewage-treated water could contribute to conserving water and reducing pollutant load, with reduction rate in BOD, nitrogen, and phosphorus ranging from 6%-36%, 16%-46%, and 18%-51%, respectively. Particularly, the results indicated that, irrigating paddy fields with the treated water during non-cropping periods and the accompanying reduction in withdrawn water from the river were more effective in reducing pollutant loads discharged into the lake. Further study is required on the effect of recycled water on crop cultivation and soil conditions for safe implementation.

关键词： watershed management paddy field sewage treatment water reuse

Water-saving irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 885-891页

作者： Tadayoshi hitomi Yusaku Iwamoto Asa Miura Koji Hamada Kyoji Takaki Eisaku Shiratani National Institute for Rural Engineering Kyusyu Regional Agricultural Administration Office

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of a type of water-saving irrigation （WSI） on nutrient runoff of paddy field. The volume of surface drainage was maintained low by WSI. In particular, WSI effectively reduced surface drainage in rain events. Model simulation indicated that net runoff load of total nitrogen （TN） from the paddy field was increased by WSI. Meanwhile, net runoff loads of total phosphorus （TP） and total organic carbon （TOC） from the paddy field was decreased by WSI. Because ponding waters of the study fields were enriched with TP and TOC, WSI reduced runoff of these nutrients by controlling the volume of surface drainage. WSI could be considered an efficient method for reducing runoff loads and could conserve water quality in an agricultural watershed.

关键词： model simulation net runoff load storage capacity surface drainage tank model water management

Suppression of postprandial blood glucose elevation by buckwheat(Fagpopyrum esculentum) albumin hydrolysate and identification of the peptide responsible to the function

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第4期11卷 992-998页

作者： Kazumi Ninomiya Yusuke Yamaguchi Fumie Shinmachi Hitoshi Kumagai hitomi Kumagai Department of Food Science and Nutrition Kyoritsu Women’s University2-2-1 HitotsubashiChiyoda-kuTokyo 101-8347Japan College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University1866 KameinoFujisawa-shi 252-0880Japan

The objective of this study is to evaluate the suppressive effect of buckwheat-albumin hydrolysate on postprandial hyperglycemia and identify the peptide responsible to the function. Buckwheat-albumin hydrolysate was prepared by using digestive enzymes and was orally administered to rats together with soluble starch. The blood was taken from the tail vein up to 90 min after oral administration to measure blood-glucose and plasma-insulin levels. The peptide with α-amylase inhibitory activity was purified from the buckwheathydrolysate by gel-filtration chromatography, α-amylase affinity chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The amino-acid sequence of the peptide was identified by a protein sequencer and was compared with that in the buckwheat-genome database. Buckwheat-albumin hydrolysate significantly suppressed the elevation of blood glucose level 15 min after starch administration. The amino-acid sequence of the peptide with α-amylase inhibitory activity was YVEPDCGNLGCCYHC in the parental protein of molecular mass 17.8 k Da and theoretical pI 4.77. The amino-acid sequence, molecular weight, and pI of the parental protein in buckwheat albumin were different from those of α-amylase inhibitor in wheat albumin. This study suggests that the novel α-amylase inhibitor identified in buckwheat albumin is a potential candidate for a functional food material to suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation.

关键词： Buckwheat-albumin hydrolysate Bioactive peptide α-Amylase inhibitor Postprandial hyperglycemia Type 2 diabetes

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Macro Benthos in the Intertidal Mudflat of Southern Yellow River Delta,China in 2007/2008

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第2期17卷 437-444页

作者： ZOU Li YAO Xiao YAMAGUCHI hitomi GUO Xinyu GAO Huiwang WANG Kai SUN Mingyi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Environmental Protection Bureau Dongying 257091China Faculty of Agriculture Kagawa University2393 IkenobeKitaMiki 7610795Japan Affiliation&Position National University Corporation Ehime University Ehime 79085775Japan Department of Marine Sciences University of GeorgiaAthens 30602-3636USA

In order to examine the seasonal and spatial distributions of benthic animals in the intertidal mudflat of the southern Yellow River Delta,field investigations were carried out in 2007 and 2008 and multiple methods were *** showed that,the biomass of macro benthos ranged at 0.75-1151.00 g wet m^(-2) and averaged at 156.31 g wet m^(-2),in which Mactra veneriformis accounted for 75.6%-93.4% of the total macro benthic *** than 90% of macro benthos inhabited in the middle and low tide lines,and higher biomass occurred in early summer and lower in *** analysis showed that:1)*** growth was primarily favored at higher temperature and lower salinity;2)after long time interaction,benthic bivalve grazers led to patching distributions of Chlorophyll a(Chl a);3)macro benthic biomass positively related with Chl a when the concentration of Chl a was low,but they were negatively related when Chl a concentration was high;and 4)furthermore,the biomass of benthic bivalves peaked in the sediment with median grain size about 0.55 mm,but decreased gradually in coarse or fine *** secondary productivity ranged at 0.37-283.68 g m^(-2)yr^(-1) and averaged at 47.88 g m^(-2) yr^(-1),in which 69.7% was contributed by *** It was estimated that primary production was transformed to secondary production at a rate of 6.87%approximately,which implies that there is a local sustainability of high bivalve production.

关键词： macro benthos Mactra veneriformis distribution intertidal mudflat southern Yellow River Delta

Structural Design and Numerical Analysis of a Novel Biodegradable Zinc Alloy Stent

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2018年第10期117卷 17-28页

作者： Kun Peng Aike Qiao Makoto Ohta Narendra Kurnia Putra Xinyang Cui Yongliang Mu hitomi Anzai College of Life Science and Bioengineering Beijing University of TechnologyNo.100PingleyuanChaoyang DistrictBeijing100022China Institute of Fluid Science Tohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagi980-85777 Japan Institute of Metallurgical Research Northeastern UniversityShenyangLiaoning110819China

Biodegradable zinc alloy stents are a prospective solution for complications caused by the incompatibility between artery and permanent ***,insufficient scaffolding has limited the clinical application of biodegradable zinc alloy ***,in this study,a new stent concept was designed to improve the *** mechanical performances of the new and a traditional design stent were investigated and compared using finite element analysis(FEA).The new and traditional design stent were expanded to the intended radial displacement of 0.24 mm under the expansion pressure of 0.58 MPa and 0.45 MPa,***,a pressure load of 0.35 MPa was exerted on the outer surfaces of the two stents to compress *** results showed that the radial recoiling ratio were 45.3%and 83.3%for the new and the traditional stent,*** simulations demonstrate that the biodegradable zinc alloy stent offers enhanced support because of the new structural *** study implies that biodegradable zinc alloy stent can be a new competitive intervention device for the future clinical cardiovascular application.

关键词： Biodegradable stent design finite element analysis

Identification of activity stop locations in GPS trajectories by density-based clustering method combined with support vector machines

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2015年第3期23卷 202-213页

作者： Lei Gong hitomi Sato Toshiyuki Yamamoto Tomio Miwa Takayuki Morikawa Department of Civil Engineering Nagoya University Institute of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University EcoTopia Science Institute Nagoya University

The identification of activity locations in con- tinuous GPS trajectories is an essential preliminary step in obtaining person trip data and for activity-based trans- portation demand forecasting. In this research, a two-step methodology for identifying activity stop locations is pro- posed. In the first step, an improved density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise （DBSCAN） algorithm identifies stop points and moving points; then in the second step, the support vector machines （SVMs） method distin- guishes activity stops from non-activity stops among the identified stop points. A time sequence constraint and a direction change constraint are applied as improvements to DBSCAN （yielding an improved algorithm known as C-DBSCAN）. Then three major features are extracted for use in the SVMs method： stop duration, mean distance to the centroid of a cluster of points at a stop location, and the shorter of distances from current location to home and to the workplace. The proposed methodology was tested using GPS data collected from mobile phones in the Nagoya area of Japan. The C-DBSCAN algorithm achieves an accuracy of 90 % in identifying stop points in the first step, while the SVMs method is 96 % accurate in distin- guishing the locations of activity stops from non-activity stops in the second step. Compared to other variants of DBSCAN used to identify activity locations from GPS trajectories, this two-step method is generally superior.

关键词： Activity Stop · Non-activity stop · Stopidentification · DBSCAN· Support vector machines

Role of Researcher/Academia in Making UK Low Carbon Policy

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2013年第3期2卷 146-154页

作者： hitomi Kimura Department of Social Information Studies Environmental Science and Information Studies Course Otsuma Women's UniversityTokyo 2068540 Japan

This study focuses on the role of researcher/academia in making low carbon policy in the UK. UK researchers and universities enjoy relatively high degree of independence of their research from the government due to its statute that guarantees its independence （＂The Haldene Principle＂）. In addition, there was a recent movement for evidence-based policy in the UK, which requires more economic and scientific robustness, therefore role of engineers and social scientists are increasingly important. In particular, social science will have a greater role in changing people＇s behavior with high level of uncertainty. UK businesses have played a leading role to move forward the climate policy such as UKETS （United Kingdom Emissions Trading Scheme） as well as low carbon policy. The regular communication and consultation is a crucial basis for making integrated policy, which involves wide range of stakeholders. The legally binding targets set out by Climate Change Act 2008 required structural change of the government to implement the necessary policies and measures especially by integrating climate and energy policy.

关键词： UK low carbon policy researcher/academia science and policy.

Relationship between arterial stiffness and cognitive function in outpatients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment compared with community residents without dementia

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第8期19卷 594-602页

作者： Ai Hirasawa Kumiko Nagai Taiki Miyazawa hitomi Koshiba Mami Tamada Shigeki Shibata Koichi Kozaki Department of Health and Welfare Faculty of Health SciencesKyorin UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Geriatric Medicine Faculty of MedicineKyorin UniversityTokyoJapan Department of Health and Sports Science Faculty of WellnessShigakkan UniversityAichiJapan

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether the dementia patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and vascular dementia(VaD)and mixed dementia(MIX,including AD and VaD)would have more developed arterial stiffness as compared with local residents without *** aim of this study was to assess arterial stiffness and cognitive function in different types of dementia pa-tients[AD,VaD,MIX and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)]and community residents without *** This was a single-center,cross-sectional observational *** studied a cohort of 600 elderly outpatients with a complaint of memory loss,who were divided into four groups(AD,VaD,MIX and MCI).In addition,they were compared with 55 age-matched local residents without dementia(Controls).We assessed arterial stiffness by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and the global cognitive function by the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE).RESULTS The baPWV was higher in AD,VaD and MIX than in MCI and in Controls(P<0.05).The baPWV was higher in MCI than in Controls(P=0.021),while MMSE were compatible between them(P=0.119).The higher baPWV predicted the presence of AD,VaD,MIX and MCI with the odds ratio of 6.46,8.74,6.16 and 6.19,*** contrast,there were no difference in baPWV among three different types of dementia(P=0.191).The linear relationship between baPWV and MMSE was observed in the elderly with MMSE≥23(R=0.452,P=0.033),while it was not in dementia patients(MMSE<23).CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that MCI and dementia patients have stiffer arteries as compared with age-matched local residents,although global cognitive function may be comparable between MCI and the local residents.

关键词： arterial impairment stiffness

Retreatment of patients with treatment failure of directacting antivirals: Focus on hepatitis C virus genotype 1b

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第46期23卷 8120-8127页

作者： Tatsuo Kanda Kazushige Nirei Naoki Matsumoto Teruhisa Higuchi hitomi Nakamura Hiroaki Yamagami Shunichi Matsuoka Mitsuhiko Moriyama Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineNihon University School of Medicine

The recent development of direct-acting antiviral agents(DAAs) against hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection could lead to higher sustained virological response(SVR) rates, with shorter treatment durations and fewer adverse events compared with regimens that include interferon. However, a relatively small proportion of patients cannot achieve SVR in the first treatment, including DAAs with or without peginterferon and/or ribavirin. Although retreatment with a combination of DAAs should be conducted for these patients, it is more difficult to achieve SVR when retreating these patients because of resistance-associated substitutions(RASs) or treatment-emergent substitutions. In Japan, HCV genotype 1 b(GT1 b) is founded in 70% of HCVinfected individuals. In this minireview, we summarize the retreatment regimens and their SVR rates for HCV GT1 b. It is important to avoid drugs that target the regions targeted by initial drugs, but next-generation combinations of DAAs, such as sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for 12 wk or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 12 wk, are proposed to be potential solution for the HCV GT1 b-infected patients with treatment failure, mainly on a basis of targeting distinctive regions. Clinicians should follow the new information and resources for DAAs and select the proper combination of DAAs for the retreatment of HCV GT1 b-infected patients with treatment failure.

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral agent Genotype 1b Hepatitis C virus Resistance-associated substitutions