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Natural regeneration of Pinus brutia Ten. in a recreational public forest in Zawita-Kurdistan region, Iraq

Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1849-1857页

作者： Hassan Muhamed Sami Youssef Ahmed Mustafa hishyer Suliman Aree Abdulqader hishyer mohammed Richard Michalet Department of Forestry College of AgricultureUniversity of DuhokDuhokKurdistan RegionIraq AMAP(Botany and Modelling of Plant Architecture and Vegetation) University of Montpellier34398 Montpellier Cedex 5France Department of Ecotourism College of AgricultureUniversity of DuhokDuhokKurdistan RegionIraq Directorate of Forestry and Rangelands DuhokKurdistan RegionIraq UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC Universitede BordeauxAllee Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire CS 5002333615 Pessac CedexFrance

Zawita natural forest has recently has been subject to mass recreational activities during spring that have denuded large areas of the *** was thus essential to assess regeneration before designing optimizing *** this end,we studied the overstory canopy and microhabitat conditions for recruitment of Pinus brutia Ten in 10 plots(20×25 m)on the southern aspects where the Zawita natural forest is still *** total,1540 regenerating *** were recorded,854 seedlings,597 saplings,and 89 *** and saplings were more frequent beyond the canopy than under the canopy of the parent *** requirements differed between seedlings and *** probability of the occurrence of seedlings was negatively correlated with increasing litter depth and increasing soil *** density of saplings only showed a positive significant correlation with increasing *** nearest neighbor index showed a trend toward a positive spatial association between understory shrubs with their neighboring seedlings at a mean distance of 1.6 ***,the study highlighted the requirements for seedling regeneration as a relatively open canopy cover,a light understory litter layer,and noncompacted *** results are a step towards designing effective management and restoration programs.

关键词： Forest structure Litter depth Regeneration niche Spatial pattern Soil compaction

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