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Characteristics, phenotypes, mechanisms and management of severe asthma

Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第10期135卷 1141-1155页

作者： Kian Fan Chung Piers Dixey hisham abubakar-waziri Pankaj Bhavsari Pujan H.Patel Sujuan Guo Yang Ji National Heart&Lung Institute Imperial College LondonLondon SW36LYUK Royal Brompton&Harefield NHS Hospitals LondonUK Department of Respiratory Medicine University of Hong Kong Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdong 518053China.

Severe asthma is "asthma which requires treatment with high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) plus a second controller (and/or systemic corticosteroids) to prevent it from becoming ’’uncontrolled’ or which remains ’’uncontrolled’ despite this therapy." The state of control was defined by symptoms, exacerbations and the degree of airflow obstruction. Therefore, for the diagnosis of severe asthma, it is important to have evidence for a diagnosis of asthma with an assessment of its severity, followed by a review of comorbidities, risk factors, triggers and an assessment of whether treatment is commensurate with severity, whether the prescribed treatments have been adhered to and whether inhaled therapy has been properly administered. Phenotyping of severe asthma has been introduced with the definition of a severe eosinophilic asthma phenotype characterized by recurrent exacerbations despite being on high dose ICS and sometimes oral corticosteroids, with a high blood eosinophil count and a raised level of nitric oxide in exhaled breath. This phenotype has been associated with a Type-2 (T2) inflammatory profile with expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Molecular phenotyping has also revealed non-T2 inflammatory phenotypes such as Type-1 or Type-17 driven phenotypes. Antibody treatments targeted at the T2 targets such as anti-IL5, anti-IL5Rα, and anti-IL4Rα antibodies are now available for treating severe eosinophilic asthma, in addition to anti-immunoglobulin E antibody for severe allergic asthma. No targeted treatments are currently available for non-T2 inflammatory phenotypes. Long-term azithromycin and bronchial thermoplasty may be considered. The future lies with molecular phenotyping of the airway inflammatory process to refine asthma endotypes for precision medicine.

关键词： Severe asthma Biologic therapies Eosinophils Neutrophils Corticosteroid insensitivity Type 2-high inflammation

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Optimizing the Synthesis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether in Continuous Catalytic Distillation Column Using New Ion Exchange Resin Catalyst

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2013年第10期21卷 1121-1128页

作者： Muhammad Umar Yahia abubakar AI-Hamed Abdulraheem AI-Zahrani hisham Saeed Bamufleh Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah80204 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

重要燃料之一的液体阶段合成氧化，乙醇 tert 丁基醚(ETBE ) ，从乙醇和 tert 丁基，酒精(TBA ) 用离子交换树脂催化剂 CT-145H 在催化蒸馏列(CDC ) 被学习了。有该土地所固有的 1.2 m 高度和 50 公里直径的包装 CDC 开发了反应的节收... 详细信息

重要燃料之一的液体阶段合成氧化，乙醇 tert 丁基醚(ETBE ) ，从乙醇和 tert 丁基，酒精(TBA ) 用离子交换树脂催化剂 CT-145H 在催化蒸馏列(CDC ) 被学习了。有该土地所固有的 1.2 m 高度和 50 公里直径的包装 CDC 开发了反应的节收拾行李被用来产生试验性的数据。在精华的产品纯净上的不同关键变量的效果，被调查发现最佳为 ETBE 操作条件合成。为 0.2 kg

关键词：乙基叔丁基醚树脂催化剂液相合成离子交换催化精馏疾病预防控制中心优化最佳条件

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Potentials of Balanite Endocarp Pod Ash as a Cement Replacement Material

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Journal of Building Material Science 2022年第1期4卷 44-53页

作者： Hassan waziri Olumide Olubajo Chemical Engineering Department Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchiBauchi State740102Nigeria

The exponential growth of agricultural wastes such as Balanite seed pod has resulted in waste management issues and finding alternatives through waste recycling is an interesting area of research.Balanite seed pods were collected in Yobe state,washed,dried,crushed.Balanite endocarp pod ash(BEPA)was calcined at 600°C for 3 hours in a muffle furnace and the biomass was characterized with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to determine its chemical composition.The analysis showed that the ash composed of silica,alumina and ferric oxide(74.24 wt.%)indicated a strong pozzolan based on American Standard.The BEPA possessed a high loss on ignition of 8.24 wt.%owing to the presence of unburnt carbon in the ash.The ash obtained was sieved with 75µm sieve and cement was replaced with ash between 2.5 wt.%~12.5 wt.%at interval of 2.5 wt.%to assess its impact on cement properties such as setting time,consistence,mortar strength and water absorption.Results showed that as percentage replacement increases,the water absorption increased while the mortar strength diminished whereas as the curing days progressed its strength improved despite clinker diminution due to cement hydration.60 days strength for below 10 wt.%BEPA cement blend produced enhanced strength compared with control which is evidence of slow pozzolanic reactions.The optimum percentage replacement with BEPA was obtained at 7.5 wt.%replacement beyond which significantly affected the cement properties especially its strength.It could be agreed that BEPA has potentials to be considered and employed as a cement replacement material.

关键词： Balanite endocarp pod ash Consistence Setting time Cement replacement Curing days

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Epispadias in a Child with Intact Prepuce: A Rare Congenital Abnormality

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Open Journal of Urology 2016年第3期6卷 19-22页

作者： abubakar Maina waziri Babagana Mustapha abubakar Sani Adamu Ibrahim Eneye Sulaiman Mohammed Gashua Department of Surgery Dr. Hassan’s Clinic and Diagnostic Center Abuja Nigeria Department of Surgery Federal Medical Centre Nguru Nigeria Department of Surgery Federal University Teaching Hospital Gombe Nigeria Department of Surgery Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital/Bayero University Kano Nigeria

Epispadias is a rare genitourinary malformation, more so is epispadias with intact prepuce. Incidence of epispadias with intact prepuce is not known however, there are few case reports and a case series. We present a 5-year-old boy brought to our facility by his parent for circumcision. Further evaluation revealed a short penis with broad base and intact prepuce. The preputial slit was dorsally oriented. On retracting the prepuce, there was corona epispadias with wide and healthy urethral plate. No meatal stenosis or chordee noticed. Other findings were normal. He had epispadias repair. The postoperative period was uneventful. Three months after operation, the prepuce was easily retractable over the penis and the penis was cosmetically acceptable.

关键词： Epispadias Intact Prepuce Epispadias Repair Congenital Genito-Urinary Abnormality

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