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Static Stretching Combined with Conscious Slower Breathing May Increase Parasympathetic Activity and Reduce Stress in Adult Women

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Health 2024年第3期16卷 242-256页

作者： Mami Sakurai Yasushi Ikarashi Masahiro Tabuchi Ailing Hu Takuji Yamaguchi hiroyuki kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Beauty & Wellness Professional University of Beauty & Wellness Yokohama Japan Department of Personalized Kampo Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Background: Women are thought to be more susceptible to stress than men in a stressful society, and reducing stress is crucial for women to maintain their health. Static stretching (SST) is applied in various fields to not only increase muscle flexibility but also reduce stress. Additionally, conscious slower breathing (CSB) predominates parasympathetic activity, causing a relaxing effect. These results indicate that combining SST and CSB may be more useful in reducing stress. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of this combination remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the effects of the combination of SST and CSB on autonomic activity and stress in adult women. Methods: Eleven healthy Japanese adult female participants performed SST with nonconscious natural breathing for 20 min. The same participants performed SST in combination with CSB (2 s inspiratory and 4 s expiratory) for 20 min on another day. Salivary cortisol and chromogranin A levels were measured before and after stretching as stress markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system. The coefficient of variation of the R-R interval (CVR-R) and high-frequency component (HF), which reflect parasympathetic nerve activity, and heart rate and low-frequency component (LF)/HF ratio, which reflect sympathetic nerve activity, were measured before, during, and after stretching. Results: SST decreased cortisol levels but with no significant changes in chromogranin A, heart rate, CVR-R, HF, or LF/HF ratio. The combination of SST and CSB increased CVR-R and HF levels in addition to decreasing cortisol levels but with no significant changes in chromogranin A, heart rate, or LF/HF levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that the combination of SST and CSB may increase parasympathetic activity and reduce stress. However, future randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes should support this conclusion.

关键词： Static Stretching Conscious Slower Breathing Autonomic Activity Heart Rate Variability Stress

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Effects of Immediate Dental Loading Implant Therapy on Electroencephalography (EEG) and Stress

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Health 2023年第6期15卷 465-474页

作者： Yuri Koseki Senichi Suzuki Takuji Yamaguchi Ailing Hu hiroyuki kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Lion Dental Clinic Machida Lion Implant Center Kanagawa Japan Department of Personalized Kampo Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Purpose: Implant therapy restores masticatory function by restoring lost tooth morphology. It has been shown that mastication contributes not only to food intake and digestion, but also to the improvement of overall health. However, there have been no studies on the effects of implant treatment on electroencephalography (EEG). In this study, we investigated the effects of restoration of masticatory function by implant treatment on EEG and stress. Methods: 13 subjects (6 males, 7 females, age 64.1 ± 5.8 years) who had lost masticatory function due to tooth loss and 11 healthy subjects (6 males, 5 females, age 47.6 ± 2.4 years) as a control group. EEG (θ, α, β waves, α/β ratio) and salivary cortisol were measured before immediate dental implant treatment and every month of treatment for 6 months. EEG (θ, α, β waves, α/β ratio) was measured with a simple electroencephalograph miniature DAQ terminal (Intercross-410, Intercross Co., Ltd., Japan) in a resting closed-eye condition, and salivary cortisol was measured using an ELISA kit. Results: Compared to the control group, the appearance of θ and α waves were significantly decreased and β waves were increased, and α/β ratio was significantly decreased. The cortisol level of the subject group was significantly higher compared with the control group. With the course of implant treatment, the appearance of θ and α waves of the subject group increased, while β waves decreased. However, no significant difference was observed. The α/β ratio of the subject group increased from the first month after implant treatment and increased significantly after 5 and 6 months (0 vs. 5 months: p < 0.05, 0 vs. 6 months: p < 0.01). The cortisol levels in the subject group decreased from the first month after implant treatment and significantly decreased after 3 or 4 months (0 vs. 3 months: p < 0.05, 0 vs. 4 months: p < 0.01). These results suggest that tooth loss causes mental stress, which decreases brain stimulation and affects function. Re

关键词： Immediate Loading Implant Electroencephalography (EEG) α/β Cortisol

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The Impact of Footwear on Posture, Gait and Balance

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Health 2022年第2期14卷 209-218页

作者： Saori Karasawa Munetaka Yamamoto Junko Sakurai Shiori Kawasaki hiroyuki kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Patient Safety Management Section Juntendo University Hospital Tokyo Japan Faculty of Health and Nursing Juntendo University Chiba Japan

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of footwear on posture and balance while walking. The types of footwear investigated in this study were open back shoes, commonly worn by hospitalized patients, and closed back shoes. Previous studies have shown that open back shoes, or slippers, increase the risk of falling (among elderly). We hypothesized that our findings would suggest that open back shoes negatively affect gait mechanics in healthy individuals. Methods: Healthy individuals (n = 12) participated in a walking test while wearing closed back shoes and open back shoes. The explanatory variables in this study were the analysis of gait, posture, and balance before and after walking. The objective variable was footwear (closed back shoes vs. open back shoes). A paired t-test was performed to detect significant differences between the two conditions. Results: Among the test items measured, we found a significant difference in minimum wide tilt angle and left-right differences in step length and intensity while walking between the conditions of closed back shoes and open back shoes. These results suggest that open back shoes could negatively impact posture and balance while walking, even in healthy subjects. Conclusion: It is imperative to improve patient awareness of the risk of falling. We believe that the inclusion of our findings in educational pamphlets and in-house notices could help improve patient awareness and more effectively prevent falls among patients.

关键词： Footwear Posture Walking Test Health Fall

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Conscious Slower Breathing Predominates Parasympathetic Activity and Provides a Relaxing Effect, in Healthy Japanese Adult Women

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Health 2023年第9期15卷 954-964页

作者： Mami Sakurai Ailing Hu Takuji Yamaguchi Masahiro Tabuchi Yasushi Ikarashi hiroyuki kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan Department of Personalized Kampo Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan

Background: The optimal breathing pattern (BP) to effectively regulate autonomic nervous activity is yet to be determined. Objective: We aimed to clarify the effects of four BPs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, and BP-4) on autonomic nervous activity and mood changes. Methods: Eleven healthy adult female volunteers performed each BP in a sitting position for 5 min in a resting state. The time required for one breathing for BP-1 (30 breaths/min), BP-2 (20 breaths/min), BP-3 (15 breaths/min), and BP-4 (10 breaths/min) were 2 s, 3 s, 4 s, and 6 s, respectively. The inspiratory/expiratory time of one breathing was 1 s/1 s, 1 s/2 s, 2 s/2 s, and 2 s/4 s. The high-frequency component (HF) and low-frequency component (LF)/HF ratio during and before (control) performing a BP were calculated from heart rate variability data recorded using the wearable biometric information tracer M-BIT. Three mood changes, which are, “pleasure—unpleasure”, “relaxation—tension”, and “sleepiness—arousal”, in the subjects were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after performing a BP. Results: Slower breathing induced an increase in HF power and a reduction in LF/HF ratio, indicating increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic dominance. Furthermore, VAS revealed that slower breathing increased the tendency to feel “pleasure”, “relaxation”, and “sleepiness”. Conclusion: Our results suggest that slower breathing predominates parasympathetic activity in the autonomic nervous system, resulting in a relaxing effect. This result may help lay the foundation for deriving breathing methods that efficiently regulate an individual’s autonomic activity.

关键词： Breathing Autonomic Activity Heart Rate Variability Analysis Visual Analog Scale

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Boiogito Increases the Synthesis and Secretion of Adiponectin by Promoting Differentiation in Cultured Human Adipocytes

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Health 2023年第12期15卷 1319-1337页

作者： Yuan Gu Ailing Hu Takuji Yamaguchi Masahiro Tabuchi Yasushi Ikarashi hiroyuki kobayashi Department of Personalized Kampo Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Boiogito (BOT) ameliorates insulin resistance and diabetes in several animal models;however, the underlying mechanisms for these in vivo effects remain unclear. Thiazolidine derivatives, which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists for the treatment of type II diabetes, promote adiponectin production by inducing adipocyte differentiation, thereby reducing insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BOT on adipocyte differentiation using cultured human visceral preadipocytes (HVPAds) compared with the thiazolidine derivative troglitazone (TRG). We investigated the effects of BOT (0.125 - 1 mg/mL) and TRG (10 μM) on the differentiation of adipocytes treated with or without tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α: 5 ng/mL). On day 14 of culture, the following adipocyte differentiation marker levels were measured: intracellular lipids, extracellular (i.e., medium) adiponectin, and intracellular differentiation-related genes (PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, adiponectin, differentiation cluster 36, glucose transporter type 4). BOT and TRG increased factors associated with differentiation including lipid, adiponectin, and differentiation-related gene expression levels compared with the controls. The increases in these differentiation markers were inhibited by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (20 μM). Furthermore, TNF-α decreased all differentiation marker levels. The decreases in differentiation markers were inhibited by BOT and TRG;however, these inhibitory effects were blocked by GW9662. The results suggest that BOT increases the synthesis and secretion of adiponectin by promoting differentiation similar to TRG. This study is the first to demonstrate that adipocyte differentiation-promoting activity is a mechanism for the beneficial effects of BOT on diabetes and insulin resistance.

关键词： Adipocyte Adiponectin Boiogito Differentiation Troglitazone

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A Study into Blood Flow, Heart Rate Variability, and Body Surface Temperature While Listening to Music

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Health 2018年第2期10卷 181-188页

作者： Kenichi Itao Makoto Komazawa hiroyuki kobayashi WINFrontier Laboratory WINFrontier Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan JUNTENDO University Tokyo Japan

In this study we examined the relaxing effects of listening to music on a total of 12 women aged from their 20s to their 40s by measuring their blood flow, heart rate variability, and their body surface temperature. As a result, We found that there was a tendency for the volume of blood flow to the fingertips to significantly increase when listening to classical music, but there was a variety of changes in blood flow between each age group for healing music and J-Pop music. When measuring heart rate it was found that the LF/HF value, which is an index for the autonomic nervous system which shows tension and stress, fell significantly when listening to each type of music. Lastly, there was a trend for body surface temperature to rise when listening to classical or healing music, a rise which was particularly significant when listening to healing music. This study shows that a relaxing effect can be expected for all indices when listening to classical music. However, for healing music and J-Pop, personal musical preferences seemed to have an effect and the results were varied.

关键词： Music Blood Flow Heart Rate Variability Autonomic Nervous System Body Surface Temperature

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Endogenous prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub>synthesis inhibits e-selectin generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

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Health 2011年第5期3卷 304-311页

作者： Hideyuki Negoro hiroyuki kobayashi Yoshio Uehara 不详

We examined the role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in the formation of E-selectin following inter-leukin-1 (IL-1) stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) transfected with lipocaline-type PGD2 synthase (L-PGDS) genes. HUVEC were isolated from human umbilical vein and incubated with 20 U/mL IL-1 and various concentrations of authentic PGD2. The isolated HUVEC were also transfected with L-PGDS genes by electroporation. The L-PGDS-transfected HUVEC were used to investigate the role of endogenous PGD2 in IL-1-stimulated E-selectin biosynthesis. We also used an anti-PGD2 antibody to examine whether an intracrine mechanism was involved in E-selectin production. PGD2 and E-selectin levels were determined by radio-immunoassay and enzyme- immunoassay, respectively. E-selectin mRNA was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. IL-1-stimulated E-selectin production by HUVEC was dose-dependently inhibited by authentic PGD2 at concentrations greater than 10–6 mol/L. L-PGDS gene-transfected HUVEC produced more PGD2 than HUVEC transfected with the reporter gene alone. IL-1 induced increases in E-selectin production in HUVEC transfected with the reporter genes alone. However, this effect was significantly attenuated in the case of IL-1 stimulation of HUVEC trans-fected with L-PGDS genes, and accompanied by an apparent suppression of E-selectin mRNA expression. Neutralization of extracellular PGD2 by anti-PGD2- specific antibody influenced neither E-selectin mRNA expression nor E-selectin biosynthesis. HUVEC transfected with L-PGDS genes showed increased PGD2 synthesis. This increase was associated with attenuation of both E-selectin generation and E-selectin mRNA expression. The results suggest that endogenous PGD2 decreases E-selectin synthesis and E-selectin mRNA expression, probably through an intracrine mechanism.

关键词： Prostaglandin E-selectin PGDS Endothelial Cell

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Effects of Fiber Supplementation for Four Weeks on Athletic Performance in Japanese College Athletes: A Case Study—Measurement of the Athletic Performance, Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, and Mood, Affect Balance

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Health 2017年第3期9卷 556-567页

作者： Fusako Sugiyama Takuji Yamaguchi Ailing Hu Aya kobayashi hiroyuki kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan Palm International Shonan Kanagawa Japan Institute of Next Generation SMILE Tokyo Japan Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan

Aim: In this study, we explored the effects of dietary fiber on athletic performance. Methods: Twenty healthy college athletes (male/female, 1/1) consumed 6 grams of dietary fiber (Fiberpro, Taiyo Lab Inc., Tokyo) daily for four weeks and were evaluated for their athletic performance, salivary biomarkers of stress (α-amylase activity pre-post exercise, cortisol, melatonin, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels), and mood/affect using the Profile of Mood State 2nd edition (POMS 2®). Measurements were taken at baseline (before supplementation), at Week 4 (after 4 weeks of supplementation), and at Week 8 (4 weeks after the completion of supplementation). Results: Results showed that athletic performance and exercise-induced elevation in salivary α-amylase activity improved with Fiberpro supplementation in both men and women. Further, the Anger-Hostility scale in POMS was significantly elevated in men;in women, an increase in Vigor-Activity score, a single index of positive mood, was noted. These findings suggest that Fiberpro may induce differential affective responses in men and women. Meanwhile, Fiberpro did not affect the normal diurnal changes in salivary melatonin and SIgA levels, but it appeared to augment the normal circadian patterns of cortisol, an effect that persisted for a month without Fiberpro intake. We propose that boosting fiber intake in young, healthy athletes may improve gut microbiota and confer resilience against stress.

关键词： Athletic Performance Dietary Fiber Salivary Assay Stress

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On Human Autonomic Nervous Activity Related to Behavior, Daily and Regional Changes Based on Big Data Measurement via Smartphone

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Health 2016年第9期8卷 827-845页

作者： Makoto Komazawa Kenichi Itao hiroyuki kobayashi Zhiwei Luo Graduate School of System Informatics Kobe University Kobe Japan WINFrontier Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan JUNTENDO University Tokyo Japan Organization of Advanced Science and Technology Kobe University Kobe Japan

This research uses a large amount of autonomic nervous system data (approximately 100,000 entries) to investigate the relationship between human autonomic nervous activity and behaviors, daily and regional changes. Data were measured via a heart rate variability analysis system that utilizes the camera of smartphones. This system was developed by the authors during previous research. The relations between autonomic nervous system and behaviors, total power and sympathetic nervous activity were found to rise after waking, while during leisure time, the total power rises and sympathetic nervous activity is inhibited. Concerning the relationship between autonomic nervous system and day of the week, it was found that total power decreases from the middle through the latter part of the week (namely, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday), while it rises on Saturday, while the sympathetic nervous activity is suppressed on Saturday. Regarding the relationship between autonomic nervous system and region, it was found that total power is lower in the Kanto region of Japan than in others. This study also shows statistical proof (using a large amount of measurement data) to ideas held by the public for years. Thus, the data can be considered meaningful to the society, and the authors hope that it helps to improve work-life balance.

关键词： Heart Rate Variability Autonomic Nervous System Large Amount of Measurement Data Activity Day of the Week Region

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Measurement and Evaluation of the Autonomic Nervous Function in Daily Life

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Health 2016年第10期8卷 959-970页

We developed a smart-phone based system to measure the activities of autonomic nervous system during everyday life. Using commonly marketed smart phones, by touching your fingertips on the phone’s camera over a short time of about 30 seconds, it will detect changes in the brightness of the blood flow and in turn analyze your heart rate variability. By using this system, about 100,000 cases were measured and from this large amount of data regarding heart rate variability, we evaluated the autonomic nervous function in their daily life. As a result, for the correlation between autonomic nervous system and age, we found that as the increase of age, the total power becomes decreased and the sympathetic nervous system tends to increase between thirties and fifties. For the correlation between autonomic nervous system and BMI (Body Mass Index), it is found that in general, the higher the BMI, the lower the total power and the stronger the sympathetic nervous system. In other words, people who are fat are lower about the total power and stronger about the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, for the correlation between autonomic nervous system and one day life, it is found that total power and sympathetic function tend to increase, while as evening approaches, sympathetic function tends to become suppressed.

关键词： Heart Rate Variability Analysis Autonomic Nervous System Age BMI

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