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Investigation of air pollution concentration in Kathmandu valley during winter season

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 1008-1013页

作者： KONDO Akira KAGA Akikazu IMAMURA Kiyoshi inoue Yoshio SUGISAWA Masahiko SHRESTHA Manohar Lal SAPKOTA Balkrishan Graduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanEnvironmental Pollution Control Center Osaka Prefecture JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanGraduate School of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Osaka University JapanInstitute of Engineering Pulchok Tribhuvan University Nepal

The monthly concentrations of NO2, NOx, SO2 and O3 measured by a passive sampler from February 2003 to January 2004 showed that the air pollution during the winter season in Kathmandu valley was higher than the summer season. The O3 level was found the highest during April, May and June due to strong radiation. The hourly concentrations of NO2, NOx, O3 and suspended particulate matter（SPM） were also measured by automatic instruments on December 2003. Temperature at the height of 60 m and 400 m at Raniban Mountain in the northwest of Kathmandu valley was measured on February 2001 in the winter season and the average potential temperature gradient was estimated from observed temperature. Wind speed was also measured at the department of hydrology, airport section, from 18 February to 6 March 2001. It was found that the stable layer and the calm condition in the atmosphere strongly affected the appearance of the maximum concentrations of NO2 and SPM in the morning, and that the unstable layer and the windy condition in the atmosphere was considerably relevant to the decrease of air pollution concentrations at daytime. The emission amounts of NOx, HCs and total suspended particle（TSP） from transport sector in 2003 were estimated from the increasing rate of vehicles on the basis of the emission amounts in 1993 to be 3751 t/a, 30570 t/a and 1317 t/a, respectively. The diurnal concentrations in 2003 calculated by the two-layers box model reproduced the characteristics of air pollution in Kathmandu valley such as the maximum value of O3 and its time, the maximum value of NO in the morning, and the decrease of NO and NO2 at daytime. The comparison with the concentrations in 1993 calculated suggested that the main cause of air pollution was the emission from transport sector.

关键词： air pollution concentration Kathmandu vallay box model

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Impacts of converting from leaded to unleaded gasoline on ambient lead concentrations in Jakarta metropolitan area

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第6期19卷 709-713页

作者： Akira KONDO Esrom HAMONANGAN Satoshi SODA Akikazu KAGA Yoshio inoue Masaharu EGUCHI Yuta YASAKA Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversityYamada-oka 2-1Suita Osaka 565-0871Japan Environmental Management Center Komplek PUSPIPTEKJI.RayaPuspiptekSerpong Bantan 15314Indonesia Research Center for Environmental Preservation Osaka University Yamada-oka 2-1SuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

Total suspended particulate mater （TSP） concentrations were monitored for one year from July 2000 and for one year from April 2003 in Jakarta City. Thirteen elemental TSP components, aluminum （Al）, sodium （Na）, iron （Fe）, lead （Pb）, potassium （K）, zinc （Zn）, titanium （Ti）, manganese （Mn）, bromine （Br）, copper （Cu）, chromium （Cr）, nickel （Ni）, and vanadium （V） were analyzed by a sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Al, Na, Fe, K, and Pb were major components at most of the sampling locations in 2000. However, only Pb in 2003 dramatically decreased to one tenth. The phase-out of leaded gasoline began on July 1, 2001 in Jakarta City and lead content in gasoline decreased to one tenth, too. The decrease in Pb concentration was a result of the phase-out of leaded gasoline, as lead emissions mainly are exhaust gas from vehicles.

关键词： TSP concentration lead concentration unleaded gasoline

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Understanding the macroscopical flexibility/fragility of nanoporous Ag:Depending on network connectivity and micro-defects

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第18期52卷 91-101页

作者： Chaoyang Wang Shengli Zhu Yanqin Liang Zhenduo Cui Shuilin Wu Chunling Qin Shuiyuan Luo Akihisa inoue School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin300072China School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300130China College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science.Quanzhou Normal University Quanzhou362000FujianChina Department of Physics King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah22254Saudi Arabia

The effective engineering applications of nanoporous metals(NPMs)in flexible energy storage and wearable healthcare biosensor monitoring require its uniform ligaments network,specifically crack-free and flexible monolithic ***,the macroscopic fragility of NPMs restricts their applications in wearable electronics *** we focus on the synthetization of highly flexible *** effects of structural factors,***-network connectivity and micro-cracks on the mechanical properties of nanoporous Ag(np Ag)are *** well-interconnected np Ag metal exhibits higher tensile strength,nanohardness and Vickers hardness than those for the ill-interconnected np Ag *** quality of the network connectivity dominates the strength and hardness of the np *** flexibility/fragility is determined by the micro-crack in np *** crack-free np Ag exhibits good flexible *** micro-cracks are introduced,the np Ag becomes *** control of soft volume shrinkage rate(Vsr)and slow surface diffusivity(Ds)effectively suppresses the crack initiation and propagation of as-formed np *** results provide useful insights to synthesize more flexible and crack-free NPM materials for effective use in public wearable electronics and diverse flexible engineering applications in the future.

关键词： Nanoporous metals Crack-free Selective etching Nanoindentation Flexible

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Mathematical expression for the relationship between internode number and internode length for bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第3期23卷 435-439页

作者： A. inoue K. Kuraoka F. Kitahara Laboratory of Forest Ecology Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic SciencesPrefectural University of KumamotoKumamoto 862-8502Japan Shikoku Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKochi 780-8077Japan

We analyzed the relationship between internode number and intemode length for one of the largest bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. For 50 sample culms with various sizes felled in a pure stand of P. pubescens, the intemode number was assigned from base to tip and the length for each internode was directly measured. The result indicated that the intemode length should be cumulated from base to tip, and then the cumulated internode length should be relativized by the total culm length. It was inappropriate to relativize the internode length by the maximum intenode length. In addition, the relationship between the relative internode number （the intemode number relativized by the total number of intemodes） and the relative cumulated internode length should be described not by a power function but by a sigmoid function such as the third-order function. The determined function enabled us to estimate the actual internode length, with the root mean squared error being 4 cm. In conclusion, the mathematical expression presented here, i.e., the relativization of the cumulated internode length by the total culm length and the application of the sigmoid function, will be useful in describing the relationship between internode number and internode length for P. pubescens.

关键词： culm form power function relative cumulated internode length relative internode number sigmoid function

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Phenolic constituents and anticancer properties of Morus alba(white mulberry) leaves

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第3期18卷 189-195页

作者： Eric Wei Chiang Chan Siu Kuin Wong Joseph Tangah Tomomi inoue Hung Tuck Chan Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University56000 CherasKuala LumpurMalaysia School of Foundation Studies Xiamen University Malaysia43900 SepangSelangorMalaysia Forest Research Centre Sabah Forestry Department90009 SandakanSabahMalaysia Centre for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies National Institute for Environmental Studies(NIES)OnogawaTsukuba 305-0053Japan Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems(ISME) Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0129Japan

Flavonoids are by far the most dominant class of phenolic compounds isolated from Morus alba leaves(MAL). Other classes of compounds are benzofurans, phenolic acids, alkaloids, coumarins, chalcones and stilbenes. Major flavonoids are kuwanons, moracinflavans, moragrols and morkotins. Other major compounds include moracins(benzofurans), caffeoylquinic acids(phenolic acids) and morachalcones(chalcones). Research on the anticancer properties of MAL entailed in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of extracts or isolated compounds. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones and alkaloids are classes of compounds from MAL that have been found to be cytotoxic towards human cancer cell lines. Further studies on the phytochemistry and anticancer of MAL are suggested. Sources of information were Pub Med,Pub Med Central, Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, J-Stage, Pub Chem and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.

关键词： Flavonoids Benzofurans Cytotoxic Moracins Morachalcones Chalcomoracin

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Non-prosthetic treatment using segmental osteotomy and bone grafting in a patient with cleft lip and palate

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 654-660页

作者： Atsuhiro inoue Michiko Tsuji Yoshiyuki Baba Keiji Moriyama Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University1-5-45 YushimaBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8549Japan Division of Pedodontics and Orthodontics Department of Surgical SpecialtiesNational Center for Child Health and Development2-10-1 OkuraSetagaya-kuTokyo 157-8535Japan

This case report aimed to present the course of surgically combined comprehensive orthodontic treatment of a male adult with cleft lip and palate,showing a left alveolar cleft,lateral deviation of the major segment of the maxilla,and palatal transposition of the lateral ***,the midline of the upper central incisors was shifted by 7.0 mm to the right,the right lateral incisor showed palatal transposition,and the residual alveolar cleft was 6.5 *** Le Fort I osteotomy of the major segment,and simultaneous bone grafting into the extended alveolar bone and former cleft region were performed at 18 years and 4 months of ***,midline correction,alignment of the right lateral incisor,and cleft closure were achieved;no further prosthetic treatment was required.

关键词： Cleft lip and palate palatal transposition segmental Le Fort I osteotomy bone grafting

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 joints brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu-Sn amorphous filler alloy

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Rare Metals 2021年第7期40卷 1881-1889页

作者： Hui-Hui Zhang Zhen-Duo Cui Sheng-Li Zhu Shi-Wei Guo Xian-Jin Yang Akihisa inoue School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 30007China Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology Ministry of EducationTianjin 300072China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin 300072China Department of Physics King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 22254Saudi Arabia

The Ti_(51.44)Zr_(16.26)Cu_(30)Sn_(2.3)(at%)amorphous filler alloy in a ribbon form was prepared by melt *** Ti-6 Al-4 V alloy was brazed in vacuum furnace by using the Ti_(51.44)Zr_(16.26)Cu_(30)Sn_(2.3)amorphous filler *** effects of brazing temperature and holding time on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-6 Al-4 V brazed joints were *** brazed joints are composed ofα-Ti,β-Ti,and(Ti,Zr)_(2)Cu *** shear strength of the joints increases with brazing temperature increasing from 1153 to 1193 K and holding time from 10 to 15 min,while decreases with brazing temperature and time further *** temperature brazing results in the formation of microcracks and voids in the seams,which are harmful for the shear strength of the *** the joint brazed at 1193 K for 15 min,a fineα+βWidmansta¨tten structure beneficial to the mechanical property is formed,and the joint exhibits relatively high joint strength of 180 MPa.

关键词： Amorphous alloy Brazing Titanium alloy Microstructure Mechanical property

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Screening of agonistic activities against four nuclear receptors in wastewater treatment plants in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 125-132页

作者： Daisuke inoue Koki Nakama Kazuko Sawada Taro Watanabe Hisae Matsui Kazunari Sei Tsuyoshi Nakanishi Michihiko Ike Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering Osaka University2-1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology Gifu Pharmaceutical University5-6-1 Mitahora-higashiGifu 502-8585Japan

To assess the potential endocrine disruptive effects through multiple nuclear receptors （NRs）, especially non-steroidal NRs, in municipal wastewater, we examined the agonistic activities on four NRs （estrogen receptor α, thyroid hormone receptor α, retinoic acid receptor ct and retinoid X receptor α） of untreated and treated wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Investigation of the influent and effluent of seven WWTPs revealed that agonistic activities against steroidal and non-steroidal NRs were always detected in the influents and partially remained in the effluents. Further investigation of four WWTPs employing conventional activated sludge, pseudo-anoxic-oxic, anoxic-oxic and anaerobic-anoxic-oxic processes revealed that the ability to reduce the agonistic activity against each of the four NRs varies depending on the treatment process. These results indicated that municipal wastewater in Japan commonly contains endocrine disrupting chemicals that exert agonistic activities on steroidal and non-steroidal NRs, and that some of these chemicals are released into the natural aquatic environment. Although the results obtained in yeast assays suggested that measured levels of non-steroidal NR agonists in the effluent of WWTPs were not likely to cause any biological effect, further study is required to assess their possible risks in detail.

关键词： agonistic activity endocrine disrupting chemicals non-steroidal nuclear receptor wastewater treatment plants

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Irrigation system and land use effect on surface water quality in river, at lake Dianchi, Yunnan, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第6期25卷 1107-1116页

作者： Takashi Tanaka Takahiro Sato Kazuo Watanabe Ying Wang Dan Yang Hiromo inoue Kunzhi Li Tatsuya Inamura Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Biotechnology Research Center Kunming University of Science and Technology Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research Institute Center for Southeast Asian Studies Kyoto University

The surface water samples were collected in river Dahe and its tributaries, which flow into severely eutrophic lake Dianchi, Yunnan Province, China, in order to elucidate factors controlling water quality fluctuations. The temporal and spatial distribution of water quality tendency was observed. The water quality of each river is dependent on the hydrology effect such water gate and circulating irrigation system. We must consider the hydrology effect to accurately understand water quality variations of river in this study field. In river without highly circulating irrigation system or water gate effect, the downstream nitrate nitrogen （NO3-N） concentration increase occurred in area dominated by open field cultivation, whereas the NO3-N concentration was constant or decreased in area dominated by greenhouse land use. This result suggests that greenhouse covers the soil from precipitation, and nitrate load of greenhouse could be less than that of open field cultivation while the rainfall event. In the upper reaches of river, where is dominated by open field cultivation, there were no sharp increase dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus concentration, but P load was accumulated in the lower reaches of river, whose predominant land use is greenhouse. Although the P sources is unclear in this study, greenhouse area may have potential of P loads due to its high P content in greenhouse soil. Considering hydrology effect is necessary to determine what the major factor is influencing the water quality variation, especially in area with highly complicated irrigation system in this studying site.

关键词： lake Dianchi eutrophication surface water quality land use plastic greenhouse circulating irrigation

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Disaster Preparedness:Looking through the Lens of Hospitals in Japan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2013年第2期4卷 89-100页

作者： Farah Mulyasari Satomi inoue Sunil Prashar Kenji Isayama Mrittika Basu Nitin Srivastava Rajib Shaw Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

Critical facilities, such as hospitals, play a crucial role in the socioeconomic and psychological recovery of the population after a disaster. Hospitals are considered important due to their roles in saving lives in the affected population and must be able to withstand hazards and remain functioning during and after a disaster. This article assesses earthquake preparedness of hospitals in eight Japanese cities using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire consists of six parameters and 21 indicators from the “four pillars of hospital preparedness” including structural, nonstructural, functional, and human resources. The results show that the majority of the respondent hospitals fulfill the functional preparedness, which is useful during the emergency period of a disaster, while the other three pillars—structural, nonstructural, and human resources—need to be strengthened. This study helps to assess the status of disaster preparedness as well as the gaps for these hospitals in the Tohoku and Nankai Trough regions, drawing lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of the Tohoku area. This status and the gaps are used as a departure point to indicate how to enhance preparedness and resilience to future disaster risks.

关键词： disaster Japan strengthened

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