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Simultaneous dissipation of trichloroethene and arsenic from co-contaminated groundwater by coupling biodechlorination and biodetoxification with assistance of biochar

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 42-55页

作者： Hao Chen Deping Li Ondřej.mašek Ying Zhai Guoqiang Rong Xiaoyun Xu Xinde Cao Ling Zhao School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China. UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JNUK. Baowu Group Environmental Resources Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201999China

Co-contamination of groundwater with trichloroethene(TCE)and arsenic(As)is a widespread problem in industrial *** simultaneous biological removal of As and TCE has not yet been *** study incorporated biochar into anaerobic dechlorination system to achieve a greatly accelerated dissipation and co-removal of TCE and *** eliminated microbial lag(6 days)and achieved a 100%TCE removal within 12 days even at a relatively high initial concentration(TCE:30 mg L^(−1);As(V):4 mg L^(−1)),while without biochar,only 75%TCE was removed until day ***-char adsorbed TCE and the intermediate products allowing them to be degraded on its surface gradually,maintaining a high metabolic activity of *** facilitated the preferential colonization of its surfaces by dechlorinating microorganisms(Clostridium and Dehalococcoides)and suppressed hydrogen-competing microorganisms(Desulfo-vibrio)in *** itself cannot adsorb As,however,separation of biochar carrying the As-laden microorgan-isms achieved 50-70%As-removal from *** biochar-amended incubations were found to be enriched with microbes possessing more crucial As-transforming genes(K00537-arsC and K07755-AS3MT),and upregulated amino acid metabolism,thus enhancing the self-detoxification ability of microorganisms to transform As(Ⅴ)to As(Ⅲ)or volatile organic *** study proposes a strategy of regulating microbes’metabolic activity by biochar to achieve simultaneous removal of coexisting contaminations,which is an important step prior to examining the feasibility of biochar application for enhanced bioremediation.

关键词： Co-contamination Complete dechlorination Microbes’self-detoxification As-transforming genes Spatial distribution of microbes

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Association between High Fat-low Carbohydrate Diet Score and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Population

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第4期25卷 373-382页

作者： HE Yu Na FESKENS ej LI Yan Ping ZHANG Jian FU Ping ma Guan Sheng YANG Xiao Guang National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China Division of Human Nutrition Wageningen Universitythe Netherlands

Objective To study the association between high fat-low carbohydrate diet score and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Chinese population. Methods Data about 20 717 subjects aged 45-59 years from the cross-sectional 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were analyzed. High fat-low carbohydrate diet was scored according to the energy of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Results Of the 20 717 subjects, 1 332 were diagnosed with hyperglycemia and 662 were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Multivariate adjusted analysis showed that the highest score of type 2 diabetes patients was 2.75 （95% CI： 2.09-3.61）. The score of type 2 diabetes patients was 1.87 （95% CI： 1.35-2.58） after further adjustment for their socioeconomic status and physical activity. No significant difference was found in the odds ratio after further adjustment for BMI, blood pressure, lipid level, and energy intake. No evidence was observed for the relation between high fat-low carbohydrate-diet score in type 2 diabetes patients due to high family income, less education, physical activity, overweight, hypertension, high TG, or low HDL level. Conclusion High fat-low carbohydrate diets, far different from traditional Chinese diets, are associated with the high incidence of type 2 diabetes in Chinese population.

关键词： Diabetes Fat Carbohydrate Diet score Chinese population

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Secondary cracking of volatile and its avoidance in infrared-heating pyrolysis reactor

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第3期1卷 202-208页

作者： Somprasong Siramard Jin-Hui Zhan Zhennan Han Shipei Xu Ondřej.mašek Guangwen Xu State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeosciencesCrew BuildingThe King's BuildingsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FFUK

This study aims to compare the pyrolysis behavior of Huadian oil shale in two infrared heating fixed bed reactors with different directions of infrared *** previous work has shown that fast pyrolysis of oil shale conducted in the shallow fixed bed infrared heating reactor(co-current)presented the massive secondary reactions,which lowered the shale oil production(Siramard et al.,2017).Conversely,the cross-current infrared achieved shale oil yields higher than the Fischer Assay oil yield(13.07 wt%of dry basis),such as 117.7%of the Fischer Assay yield at our realized highest heating rate of 7℃/s under a specified pyrolysis temperature of 550℃.The shale oil from the cross-current infrared heating reactor was obviously heavier than the oil obtained from the cocurrent heating ***,the infrared cross heating evidently suppressed the secondary reactions toward *** realized shale oil yield could reach 13.67 wt%or 122.5%of the Fischer Assay yield under reducing pyrolysis pressure of 0.6 atm,indicating that lower pressure is also beneficial to the release of volatile and reduction of the secondary cracking *** work shows essentially that the infrared cross heating provides an effective merge of the advantages from quick heating and minimization of secondary cracking reactions to enable the shale oil yields being higher than the Fischer Assay oil yield.

关键词： Pyrolysis Secondary cracking Volatile Infrared heating Oil shale

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Synchrotron X-ray microtomography and multifractal analysis for the characterization of pore structure and distribution in softwood pellet biochar

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 671-686页

作者： Franziska Srocke Liwen Han Pierre Dutilleul Xianghui Xiao Donald L.Smith Ondřej.mašek Department of Plant Science Macdonald CampusMcGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghKing’s BuildingsAlexander Crum Brown RoadEdinburgh EH93FFUK Advanced Photon Source Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Present Address:National Synchrotron Light Source II UptonNY 11973USA

Biochar pores in the micrometer range(1-100μm)derive from cellular structures of the plant biomass subjected to pyrolysis or can be the result of mechanical processing,such as *** this study,synchrotron X-ray microtomography was used to investigate the internal pore structure of softwood pellet biochar produced by slow pyrolysis at 550 and 700°*** microtomographic data sets consisted of 2025 images of 2560×2560 voxels with a voxel side length of 0.87μ*** three-dimensional reconstructions revealed that pelleting and pyrolysis significantly altered the pore structures of the wood feedstock,creating a network of connected pores between fragments that resembled the wood *** higher pyrolysis temperature increased the specific surface area(as determined by BET nitrogen adsorption),it did not affect the total observed *** analysis was applied to assess the characteristics of the frequency distribution of pores along each of the three dimensions of reconstructed images of five softwood pellet biochar *** resulting singular-ity and Rényi spectra(generalized dimensions)indicated that the distribution of porosity had monofractal scaling behavior,was homogeneous within the analyzed volumes and consistent between replicate ***,the pore distributions were isotropic(direction-independent),which is in strong contrast with the anisotropic pore structure of *** pores at the scale analyzed in this study are relevant,for example,for the supply of plant accessible water and habitable space for microorganisms,our findings combined with the ability to reproduce biochar with such pore distribution offer substantial advantages in various biochar applications.

关键词： Biochar Pore structure X‐ray microtomography Homogeneity Isotropy Multifractal analysis

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Biochar from sawmill residues:characterization and evaluation for its potential use in the horticultural growing media

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Biochar 2021年第2期3卷 201-212页

作者： Dilani Rathnayake Hamish Creber Reinhart Van Poucke Saran Sohi Erik Meers Ondřej.mašek Frederik Ronsse Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGent University653Coupure Links9000 GentBelgium UK Biochar Research Centre School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghCrew BuildingThe King’s BuildingsEdinburgh EH93FFUK Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGent University653Coupure Links9000 GentBelgium

Peat remains the primary constituent of horticultural growing media in professional ***,use of peat in horticultural growing media results in greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss due to excavation of natural *** is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to peat use in *** study examined the potential of biochar produced from a particular type of sawmill residue,as a partial replacement for peat in horticultural growing *** treatments including peat only,biochar only,biochar and peat in 1:1,1:3,and 3:1(V/V)ratios were *** addition of biochar into growing media increased the pH and EC of the ***,physical properties(air-filled porosity and water holding capacity)were negatively affected with the increase in biochar content in the *** to the germination test results,biochar significantly improved germination and the shoot and root length of germinated seeds of cress,lettuce and tomato when compared to peat-only and biochar-only *** inclusion of biochar in 25-50%volume ratio improved plant growth parameters compared to peat-only and biochar-only *** obtained from this study suggest that sawmill residue offers great potential as a feedstock for biochar production and inclusion of biochar has positive effects on seed germination and plant growth that might compete with modified peat.

关键词： Sawmill residue Biochar Peat replacement Growing media Germination

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Pyrolysis characteristics of waste tire particles in fixed-bed reactor with internals

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2018年第3期1卷 228-237页

作者： Shipei Xu Dengguo Lai Xi Zeng Lijuan Zhang Zhennan Han Jiguang Cheng Rongcheng Wu Ondřej.mašek Guangwen Xu State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH93FFScotlandUnited Kingdom

This study investigated the characteristics of pyrolysis for waste tire particles in the newly developed fixed-bed reactor with internals that are a central gas collection channel mounted inside *** a few metallic plates vertically welded on the internal wall of the reactors and extending to the region closing their central gas collection pipe *** were conducted in two laboratory fixed bed reactors with or without the *** results shown that employing internals produced more light oil at externally heating temperatures above 700℃due to the inhibited secondary reactions in the *** oil from the reactor with internals contained more aliphatic hydrocarbons and fewer aromatic hydrocarbons,leading to its higher H/C atomic ratios as for crude petroleum *** char yield was relatively stable for two beds and showed the higher heating values(HHVs)of about 23 MJ/*** gaseous product of pyrolysis mainly consisted of H2 and CH4,but the use of internals led to less pyrolysis gas through its promotion of oil production.

关键词： Pyrolysis Waste tire Fixed bed Internals Secondary reactions

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Addressing the Chengjiang conundrum: A palaeoecological view on the rarity of hurdiid radiodonts in this most diverse early Cambrian Lagerstatte

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 1-15页

作者： Yu Wu Stephen Pates Jiaxin ma Weiliang Lin Yuheng Wu Xingliang Zhang Dongjing Fu State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environmentsand Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUnited Kingdom

Over one hundred arthropod fossil species have been described from the famous Chengjiang Lagerst?tte(South China, Cambrian Stage 3, ca. 518 ma) including a diverse assemblage of radiodonts–a group containing Anomalocaris and its relatives. These iconic stem-group euarthropods include some of the largest animals of the time, and some are known from hundreds of specimens. A longstanding conundrum has been the rarity or absence of hurdiids from Cambrian Series 2 Lagerst?tten like Chengjiang. This is because radiodonts are generally common in such deposits and the oldest radiodont ever discovered is a hurdiid. Furthermore, this family displays the widest geographic and temporal ranges of all radiodont families, and the highest diversity. Here we document the first hurdiid frontal appendages from Chengjiang, which display unique features within the family and may provide insights for understanding the character evolution of hurdiid appendages. The palaeoenvironmental distribution of hurdiids suggests that the rarity of hurdiids in Chengjiang may be due to a preference for deeper water environments,and the later success of this family from the Wuliuan onwards may relate to their ability to tolerate cooler water temperatures than other radiodont families. The palaeogeographical, palaeoenvironmental, and stratigraphical patterns observed in hurdiids maybe caused in part by the limited distributions of Konservat-Lagerst?tten in the Cambrian as well.

关键词： Radiodonta Hurdiidae Panarthropoda Palaeobiogeography Palaeoenvironment Chengjiang Lagerstatte

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Study of tribological properties of ecofriendly lubricant additives derived from leaf-surface waxes

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第3期61卷 408-416页

作者： XIA YanQiu HU YiChao FENG Xin ma Teng School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University

Three kinds of leaf-surface waxes are extracted from the leaves of Euonymus japonicas(ej), Sabina chinensis(SC) and Sabina procumbens(SP) to be tested for their tribological properties. Lubricating oils containing these 3 waxes respectively were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) for their chemical constituents and tested with friction and wear testing machine and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS) for the tribological mechanism. It was found that all the tested cuticular wax can reduce the coefficient of friction, and the waxes of SC and ej can reduce the wear width. The contents of acid and esters in the wax can improve the friction reducing property by forming tribochemical films on the metal, but result in the increase of wear due to corrosion. The increase of ions containing C, H, O and the decline of aluminum positive ions on the worn surface,demonstrate that the tribofilms derived from long chain compounds play a role of protecting the metal surfaces.

关键词：润滑剂添加剂叶表面性质蜡学习金属表面离子团化学成分

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The effect of 8-OH-DPAT and dapoxetine on gene expression in the brain of male rats during ejaculation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第3期7卷 381-389页

作者： Xijun Qin Xiaojun ma Dongping Tu Zuliang Luo Jie Huang Changming Mo Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200China Guangxi Branch of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceNanning 530023China

The 5-HT_(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propylamino] tetralin(8-OH-DPAT) promotes ejaculation of male rats, whereas dapoxetine delays this process. However, the gene expression profile of the brain at ejaculation following administrationof these two compounds has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a transcriptomic Body map was generated by conducting mRNA-Seq on brain samples of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The study included four groups: pre-copulatory control(CK) group,ejaculation(ej) group, 0.5 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT-ejaculation group(DPAT), and 60 mg/kg dapoxetineejaculation(DAP) group. The resulting analysis generated an average of approximately 47 million sequence reads. Significant differences in the gene expression profiles of the aforementioned groups were observed in the ej(257 genes), DPAT(349 genes) and the DAP(207 genes) compared with the control rats. The results indicate that the expression of Drd1 and Slc6a3 was significantly different after treatment with 8-OH-DPAT, whereas the expression of Drd4 was significantly different after treatment with dapoxetine. Other genes, such as Wnt9b, Cdkn1 a and Fosb, exhibited significant differences in expression after the two treatments and are related to bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma and sexual addiction. The present study reveals the basic pattern of gene expression that was activated at ejaculation in the presence of 8-OH-DPAT or dapoxetine, providing preliminary gene expression information during rat ejaculation.

关键词： 8-OH-DPAT Dapoxetine Brain Gene expression ejaculation male rats

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Simulation and test of the SLEGS TOF spectrometer at SSRF

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第3期34卷 171-184页

作者： Kai-Jie Chen Long-Xiang Liu Zi-Rui Hao Yu-Gang ma Hong-Wei Wang Gong-Tao Fan Xi-Guang Cao Hang-Hua Xu Yi-Fei Niu Xin-Xiang Li Xin-Rong Hu Yu-Xuan Yang Sheng Jin Pan Kuang School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100080China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China

The Shanghai laser electron gamma source(SLEGS)is a powerful tool for exploring photonuclear physics,such as giant dipole resonance(GDR)and pygmy dipole resonance,which are the main mechanisms of collective nuclear *** goal of the SLEGS neutron time-of-flight(TOF)spectrometer is to measure GDR and specific nuclear structures in the energy region above the neutron *** SLEGS TOF spectrometer was designed to hold 20 sets of ej301 and LaBr3 ***4 was used to simulate the efficiency of each detector and the entire spectrometer,which provides a reference for the selection of detectors and layout of the SLEGS TOF *** the events of 208Pb,implementations of coincidence and time-of-flight technology for complex experiments are available;thus,and neutron decay events can be *** performance of SLEGS TOF spectrometer was systematically evaluated using offline experiments,in which the time resolution reached approximately 0.9 ns.

关键词： SLEGS Time-of-flight Photoneutron nuclear reaction

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