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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第6期9卷 257-262页

作者： Yoshinori fujiwara Shuichi Fukuda Masanori Tsujie Hajime Ishikawa Kotaro Kitani Keisuke Inoue Masao Yukawa Masatoshi Inoue Department of Digestive Surgery Nara HospitalKindai University School of Medicine Department of Digestive Surgery Kawasaki Medical School

To evaluate clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of gastric cancer in elderly and non-elderly patients after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method using propensity score. METHODSWe enrolled a total of 448 patients with histologically confirmed primary gastric carcinoma who received gastrectomies. Of these, 115 patients were aged > 80 years old (Group A), and 333 patients were aged < 79 years old (Group B). We compared the surgical outcomes and survival of the two groups after IPTW. RESULTSPostoperative complications, especially respiratory complications and hospital deaths, were significantly more common in Group A than in Group B (P < 0.05). Overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in Group A patients than in Group B patients. Among the subset of patients who had pathological Stage I disease, OS was significantly lower in Group A (P < 0.05) than Group B, whereas cause-specific survival was almost equal in the two groups. In multivariate analysis, pathological stage, histology, and extent of lymph node dissection were independent prognostic values for OS. CONCLUSIONWhen the gastrectomy was performed in gastric cancer patients, we should recognized high mortality and comorbidities in that of elderly. More extensive lymph node dissection might improve prognoses of elderly gastric cancer patients.

关键词： Gastric cancer Mortality Morbidity Elderly Lymphadenectomy Propensity score matching Prognosis Survival

Clinicopathological characteristics of clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第45期21卷 12851-12856页

作者： Daisuke Ichikawa Shuhei Komatsu Toshiyuki Kosuga Hirotaka Konishi Kazuma Okamoto Atsushi Shiozaki Hitoshi fujiwara Eigo Otsuji Division of Digestive Surgery Department of Surgery Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine

AIM: To elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of clinically early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach and to clarify treatment ***: A total of 683 patients with clinical early gastric cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study, 128 of whom had gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach(U group). All patients underwent a double contrast barium examination, endoscopy, and computed tomography(CT), and were diagnosed preoperatively based on the findings obtained. The clinicopathological features of these patients were compared with those of patients with gastric cancer in the middle- and lower-third stomach(ML group). We also compared clinicopathological factors between accurate-diagnosis and under-diagnosis groups in order to identify factors affecting the accuracy of a preoperative diagnosis of tumor ***: Patients in the U group were older(P = 0.029), had a higher ratio of males to females(P = 0.015), and had more histologically differentiated tumors(P = 0.007) than patients in the ML group. A clinical under-diagnosis occurred in 57 out of 683 patients(8.3%), and was more frequent in the U group than in the ML group(16.4% vs 6.3%, P < 0.0001). Therefore, the rates of lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion were slightly higher in the U group than in the ML group(P = 0.071 and 0.082, respectively). An under-diagnosis was more frequent in histologically undifferentiated tumors(P = 0.094) and in those larger than 4 cm(P = 0.024). The medianfollow-up period after surgery was 56 mo(range, 1-186 mo). Overall, survival and disease-specific survival rates were significantly lower in the U group than in the ML group(P = 0.016 and 0.020, respectively). However, limited operation-related cancer recurrence was not detected in the U group in the present ***: Clinical early gastric cancer in the upper-third stomach has distinguishable characteristics that increase the risk of a clinical under-diagnosis, especially i

关键词： Upper-third stomach Diagnosis Gastric cancer

Numerical Evaluation of the Surface Energy of Polyhedral Nanoparticles

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2020年第12期11卷 837-850页

作者： Takuya Uehara Junya fujiwara Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University Yonezawa Japan

Nanoparticles have been used widely in various fields, and their size and shape greatly affect the functional properties. Therefore, controlling the morphology of the particles is important, and evaluation of the surface energy is indispensable for that purpose. In this study, the surface energy of nanoparticles was evaluated by numerical simulation and formulated in a polynomial equation. First, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for variously shaped polyhedral nanoparticles. A cube and an octahedron were introduced as reference shapes, and truncated hexahedrons and truncated octahedrons were created by cutting out their vertices. The surface energy was plotted for various polyhedrons. The lowest energy was observed in an octahedron because of the stability of the (111) plane, and the highest energy was observed in a cube because of the relatively higher energy of the (100) plane. Then, the surface energy was formulated in a polynomial equation, in which the parameters obtained by the molecular-dynamics simulations were introduced. As a result, stability of the octahedron and relative instability of the cube were fairly captured by the proposed polynomial equation, while a slight underestimation was inevitable. Finally, the parameters were revised to continuous numbers to extend the application range. Consequently, an application for various materials, such as a cube having equivalent stability to an octahedron, was demonstrated by imposing rather exaggerated parameters.

关键词： Surface Energy Nanoparticle Fcc Crystal Interatomic Potential Molecular Dynamics Computer Simulation

A method for using video presentation to increase the vividness and activity of cortical regions during motor imagery tasks

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2431-2437页

作者： Kengo fujiwara Masatomo Shibata Yoshinaga Awano Koji Shibayama Naoki Iso Moemi Matsuo Akira Nakashima Takefumi Moriuchi Wataru Mitsunaga Toshio Higashi Department of Clinical Services Nagasaki Rehabilitation HospitalNagasakiJapan Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan Department of Rehabilitation Faculty of Health SciencesTokyo Kasei UniversityTokyoJapan

In recent years,mental practice(MP)using laterally inverted video of a subject’s non-paralyzed upper limb to improve the vividness of presented motor imagery(MI)has been shown to be effective for improving the function of a paralyzed upper ***,no studies have yet assessed the activity of cortical regions engaged during MI task performance using inverse video presentations and neurophysiological *** study sought to investigate changes in MI vividness and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral cortex during MI performance under the following three conditions in near-infrared spectroscopy:MI-only without inverse video presentation(MI-only),MI with action observation(AO)of an inverse video presentation of another person’s hand(AO+MI(other hand)),and MI with AO of an inverse video presentation of a participant’s own hand(AO+MI(own hand)).Participants included 66 healthy right-handed adults(41 men and 25 women;mean age:26.3±4.3 years).There were 23 patients in the MI-only group(mean age:26.4±4.1 years),20 in the AO+MI(other hand)group(mean age:25.9±5.0 years),and 23 in the AO+MI(own hand)group(mean age:26.9±4.1 years).The MI task involved transferring 1 cm×1 cm blocks from one plate to another,once per second,using chopsticks held in the non-dominant *** on a visual analog scale(VAS),MI vividness was significantly higher in the AO+MI(own hand)group than in the MI-only group and the AO+MI(other hand)group.A main effect of condition was revealed in terms of MI vividness,as well as regions of interest(ROIs)in certain brain areas associated with motor *** data suggest that inverse video presentation of a person’s own hand enhances the MI vividness and increases the activity of motor-related cortical areas during *** study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences(approval No.18121303)on January 18,2019.

关键词： action observation cortical activity inverse video presentation mental practice motor imagery motor palsy paralysis recovery rehabilitation stroke

Feasibility of Estimating Patient-Specific Dose Verification Results Directly from Linear Accelerator Log Files in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2016年第4期5卷 317-328页

作者： Kengo Kosaka Masao Tanooka hiroshi Doi Hiroyuki Inoue Kazuo Tarutani Hitomi Suzuki Yasuhiro Takada Masayuki fujiwara Norihiko Kamikonya Shozo Hirota Department of Radiology Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Japan Department of Radiological Technology Hyogo College of Medicine College Hospital Nishinomiya Japan

The feasibility of estimating patient-specific dose verification results directly from linear accelerator (linac) log files has been investigated for prostate cancer patients who undergo volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Twenty-six patients who underwent VMAT in our facility were consecutively selected. VMAT plans were created using Monaco treatment planning system and were transferred to an Elekta linac. During the beam delivery, dynamic machine parameters such as positions of the multi-leaf collimator and the gantry were recorded in the log files;subsequently, root mean square (rms) values of control errors, speeds and accelerations of the above machine parameters were calculated for each delivery. Dose verification was performed for all the plans using a cylindrical phantom with diodes placed in a spiral array. The gamma index pass rates were evaluated under 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria with a dose threshold of 10%. Subsequently, the correlation coefficients between the gamma index pass rates and each of the above rms values were calculated. Under the 2%/2 mm criteria, significant negative correlations were found between the gamma index pass rates and the rms gantry angle errors (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) as well as the pass rates and the rms gantry accelerations (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). On the other hand, the rms values of the other dynamic machine parameters did not significantly correlate with the gamma index pass rates. We suggest that the VMAT quality assurance (QA) results can be directly estimated from the log file thereby providing potential to simplify patient-specific prostate VMAT QA procedure.

关键词： Radiotherapy VMAT Log File Patient Specific QA Correlation Gamma Index

A New Analysis Concept in Applying Software Reliability Growth Models and Tool Implementation: The SafeMan

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第5期7卷 396-405页

作者： Takaji fujiwara Mitsuhiro Kimura Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Hosei University Tokyo Japan SRATECH Laboratory Inc. Hyogo Japan

In recent years, many software development organizations have been assessing and analyzing their software product’s reliability/quality and judging whether the software product is releasable by using Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) at the final stage of software development. The usage of SRGMs originates in the advantage that various reliability analysis results based on the SRGMs can be acquired easily. However, it is very difficult for general software project managers to grasp the achievement level of reliability/quality based on its analysis results because some sort of professional knowledge is required in order to understand the information on the attainment progress of software product’s reliability/quality. Moreover, it is also difficult for software project managers and inspectors who do not deeply comprehend the details of their project to evaluate the degree of software reliability and quality, if they assess it without grasping the live development situation and only see the documents submitted from their staff. In this paper, we propose a new analysis concept for assessing the software product’s reliability/quality, and illustrate the output results obtained by a tool, the SafeMan.

关键词： Software Reliability Growth Model Time Series Analysis Software Reliability Tool SafeMan

DICOM-RT Plan Complexity Verification for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2014年第3期3卷 117-124页

作者： Hideharu Miura Masao Tanooka Hiroyuki Inoue Masayuki fujiwara Kengo Kosaka hiroshi Doi Yasuhiro Takada Soichi Odawara Norihiko Kamikonya Shozo Hirota Department of Radiological Technology Hyogo College of Medicine College Hospital Nishinomiya City Japan Department of Radiology Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya City Japan

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between plan parameters verified with DICOM-RT and dosimetric results for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). We investigated three treatment locations: prostate cancer (ten cases), maxillary sinus cancer (four cases), and malignant pleura mesothelioma (four cases) with treatment plans generated by a MonacoTM treatment planning system (TPS), and delivered with an Elekta SynergyTM linear accelerator. We calculated plan parameters, including gantry and multileaf collimator (MLC) positions, Monitor Units (MU), and millimeters of MLC motion per degree of gantry rotation (mm/degree), and performed quality assurance (QA) with a DICOM-RT plan verification system. We measured the VMAT dose with a two-dimensional diode array detector. The average gamma passing rate with percent dose acceptance criteria and distance to agreement criteria of 2 mm and 2% (2 mm/2%) were 97.4%, 97.8% and 92.0% for prostate cancer, maxillary sinus cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma, respectively. The mean 95th percentile value for DICOM-calculated mm/degree was 4.0, 5.2, and 11.1 for prostate cancer, maxillary sinus cancer, and malignant pleural mesothelioma, respectively. The gamma passing rate showed a correlation with calculated mm/degree, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.60. Higher calculated mm/degree values led to increased dosimetric errors. We conclude that dose distribution calculated by a TPS is more reliable at smaller mm/degree.

关键词： Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Quality Assurance Radiation Treatment Planning Radiation Dosimetry

Photobiont Flexibility in <i>Paramecium bursaria</i>: Double and Triple Photobiont Co-Habitation

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 227-233页

作者： Ryo Hoshina Yuko fujiwara Department of Biomedical Science College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan Department of Bioscience Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology Nagahama Japan

The green ciliate, Paramecium bursaria, has evolved a mutualistic relationship with endosymbiotic green algae (photobionts). Under culture conditions, photobionts are usually unified (to be single species) within each P. bursaria strain. In most cases, the algal partners are restricted to either Chlorella variabilis or Micractinium reisseri (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae). Both species are characterized by particular physiology and atypical group I intron insertions, although they are morphologically indistinguishable from each other or from other Chlorella-related species. Both algae are exclusive species that are viable only within P. bursaria cells, and therefore their symbiotic relationship can be considered persistent. In a few cases, the other algal species have been reported as P. bursaria photobionts. Namely, P. bursaria have occasionally replaced their photobiont partner. This paper introduces some P. bursaria strains that maintain more than one species of algae for a long period. This situation prompts speculations about flexibility of host-photo-biont relationships, how P. bursaria replaced these photobionts, and the infection theory of the group I introns.

关键词： Paramecium bursaria Photobiont Symbiosis

Chemotherapy as a component of multimodal therapy for gastric carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第13期12卷 2000-2005页

作者： Yasuhiro Kodera Michitaka fujiwara Masahiko Koike Akimasa Nakao Department of Surgery Ⅱ Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine 65Tsurumai-choShowa-kuNagoyaAichi 466-8550Japan

Prognosis of locally advanced gastric cancer remains poor, and several multimodality strategies involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have been tested in clinical trials. Phase Ⅲ trial testing the benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy over treatment with surgery alone have revealed little impact on survival, with the exception of some small trials in Western nations. A large trial from the United States exploring postoperative chemoradiation was the first major success in this category. Results from Japanese trials suggest that moderate chemotherapy with oral fluoropyrimidines may be effective against less-advanced （T2-stage） cancer, although another confirmative trial is needed to prove this point. Investigators have recently turned to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and some promising results have been reported from phase Ⅱ trials using active drug combinations. In 2005, a large phase Ⅲ trial testing preand postoperative chemotherapy has proven its survival benefit for resectable gastric cancer. Since the rate of pathologic complete response is considered to affect treatment results of this strategy, neoadjuvant chemoradiation that further increases the incidence of pathologic complete response could be a breakthrough, and phase Ⅲ studies testing this strategy may be warranted in the near future.

关键词： Surgery Radiation Anticancer drug Adjuvant chemotherapy Neoadjuvant chemotherapy