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Temporal trends in organophosphorus pesticides use and concentrations in river water in Japan, and risk assessment

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 135-152页

作者： Aly Derbalah Russel Chidya Waqar Jadoon hiroshi sakugawa Graduate School of Biosphere Science 1-7-1 Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department Faculty of Agriculture Kafrelsheikh University Department of Water Resources Management and Development Faculty of Environmental Sciences Mzuzu University

We reviewed organophosphorus pesticide use in Japan between 1982 and 2016 using data from the National Institute of Environmental Studies. Organophosphorus pesticide concentrations in river water throughout Japan were taken from the literature, and risk assessments were performed for some organophosphorus pesticides based on risk quotients and hazard quotients. Assessments were performed for 20 common pesticides,including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. The amounts used decreased in the order: insecticides > herbicides > fungicides. Organophosphorus insecticide and fungicide use have decreased over the last four decades, but organophosphorus herbicide use has increased. During this period, annual organophosphorus pesticide use was the highest for chlorpyrifos(105,263 tons/year) and the lowest for glyphosate-sodium(8 tons/year). The ecotoxicological risk assessment indicated that diazinon and fenitrothion posed strong risks to the Japanese aquatic environment, and chlorpyrifos and malathion have moderate risks. None of the pesticides that were assessed posed significant risks to *** use of organophosphorus pesticides in Japan may cause strong risks to aquatic environments. These risks should be reassessed periodically.

关键词： Organophosphorus Pesticide residue Risk quotient Hazard quotient Japan Water

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Simultaneous photoinduced generation of Fe^(2+) and H_2O_2 in rivers:An indicator for photo-Fenton reaction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第9期28卷 34-38页

作者： Khan M.G.Mostofa hiroshi sakugawa Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin University Graduate School of Biosphere Science Department of Environmental Dynamics and ManagementHiroshima University

The photo-Fenton reaction is a key source of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical（HOU） that is produced by the reaction of simultaneous photo-induced generation of Fe^（2＋）-dissolved organic matter（DOM） with H_2O_2 in sunlit surface waters as well as in the treatment of organic pollutants in the advanced oxidation processes（AOPs）.Concentrations of both H_2O_2 and Fe^（2＋）-DOM were dependent on time and total solar intensity flux,and their levels were highest in the diurnal samples collected at noon compared with the samples collected during the period before sunrise and after sunset.H_2O_2 and Fe^（2＋）-DOM concentrations during monthly readings were also found higher in comparison with the diurnal samples,shortly before sunrise or after sunset.A π-electron bonding system is formed between Fe and the functional groups in DOM（Fe-DOM）,through electron donation from the functional groups of DOM to an empty d-orbital of *** π-electron is loosely bound and is highly susceptible to a rapid excitation upon light exposure that will provide better understanding of the formation of aqueous electrons,superoxide radical anions,H_2O_2 and finally,photo-Fenton reactions,*** results imply that simultaneous generation of H_2O_2 and Fe^（2＋）-DOM upon sunlight exposure during the daytime is most likely to be the key photo-Fenton reaction pathway,taking place in surface waters.

关键词： Photo-Fenton reaction Fe^(3+) Fe^(2+) Dissolved organic matter H_2O_2 Light

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Classifying genotype F of hepatitis B virus into F1 and F2 subtypes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第40期11卷 6295-6304页

作者： Hideaki Kato Kei Fujiwara Robert G. Gish hiroshi sakugawa hiroshi Yoshizawa Fuminaka Sugauchi Etsuro Orito Ryuzo Ueda Yasuhito Tanaka Takanobu Kato Yuzo Miyakawa Masashi Mizokami Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science Hepatology and Gastroenterology First Department of Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation

AIM： To explore the propriety of providing hepatitis B virus （HBV） genotypes F and H with two distinct genotypes. METHODS： Eleven HBV isolates of genotype F （HBV/F） were recovered from patients living in San Francisco, Japan, Panama, and Venezuela, and their full-length sequences were determined. Phylogenetic analysis was carded out among them along with HBV isolates previously reported. RESULTS： Seven of them clustered with reported HBV/F Isolates in the phylogenetic tree constructed on the entire genomic sequence. The remaining four flocked on another branch along with three HBV isolates formerly reported as genotype H. These seven HBV isolates, including the four in this study and the three reported, had a sequence divergence of 7.3-9.5% from the other HBV/F isolates, and differed by 〉13.7% from HBV isolates of the other six genotypes （A-E and G）. Based on a marked genomic divergence, falling just short of 〉8% separating the seven genotypes, these seven HBV/F isolates were classified into F2 subtype and the former seven into F1 subtype provisionally. In a pairwise comparison of the S-gene sequences among the 7 HBV/F2 isolates and against 47 HBV/F1 isolates as well as 136 representing the other six genotypes （A-E and G）, two clusters separated by distinct genetic distances ***： Based on these analyses, dassifying HBV/ F isolates into two subtypes （F1 and F2） would be more appropriate than providing them with two distinct genotypes （F and H）.

关键词： Genotypes Hepatitis B virus Phylogeneticanalysis Subtypes

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Clinical usefulness of biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第2期11卷 255-259页

作者： hiroshi sakugawa Tomofumi Nakayoshi Kasen Kobashigawa Tsuyoshi Yamashiro Tatsuji Maeshiro Satoru Miyagi Joji Shiroma Akiyo Toyama Tomokuni Nakayoshi Fukunori Kinjo Atsushi Saito First Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan

AIM: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and progresses to the end stage of liver disease. Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis are strongly associated with the degree of histological liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. However, data are few on the usefulness of markers in NAFLD patients. The aim of this study was to identify better noninvasive predictors of hepatic fibrosis, with special focus on markers of liver fibrosis, type VI collagen 7S domain and hyaluronic acid. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients with histologically proven NAFLD were studied. RESULTS: The histological stage of NAFLD correlated with several clinical and biochemical variables, the extent of hepatic fibrosis and the markers of liver fibrosis were relatively strong associated. The best cutoff values to detect NASH were assessed by using receiver operating characteristic analysis: type VI collagen 75 domain ≥5.0 ng/mL, hyaluronic acid ≥43 ng/mL. Both markers had a high positive predictive value: type VI collagen 7S domain, 86% and hyaluronic acid, 92%. Diagnostic accuracies of these markers were evaluated to detect severe fibrosis. Both markers showed high negative predictive values: type VI collagen 7S domain (≥5.0 ng/mL), 84% and hyaluronic acid (≥50 ng/mL), 78%, and were significantly and independently associated with the presence of NASH or severe fibrosis by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Both markers of liver fibrosis are useful in discriminating NASH from fatty liver alone or patients with severe fibrosis from patients with non-severe fibrosis.

关键词： Liver fibrosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Collagen type IV Hyaluronic acid

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Different natural courses of chronic hepatitis B with genotypes B and C after the fourth decade of life

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第34期13卷 4560-4565页

作者： Tatsuji Maeshiro Shingo Arakaki Takako Watanabe Hajime Aoyama Joji Shiroma Tsuyoshi Yamashiro Tetsuo Hirata Akira Hokama Fukunori Kinjo Tomofumi Nakayoshi Tomokuni Nakayoshi Masashi Mizokami Jiro Fujita hiroshi sakugawa Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease (First Department of Internal Medicine) Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan Department of Blood transfusion medicine Ryukyu University Hospital Okinawa Japan Department of Endoscopy Ryukyu University Hospital Okinawa Japan Department of Internal Medicine Tomishiro Central Hospital Okinawa Japan Department of Internal Medicine Heart Life Hospital Okinawa Japan Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science Nagoya Japan

MIM： To investigate the different impact of genotypes E and C on the development of liver cirrhosis （LC） among different age groups of patients with chronic hepatitis （CH-B）.METHODS： We examined the outcome of 121 patients with CH-B, divided by age and genotype. Univariate analyses were used to compare different groups. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to evaluate factors affecting the development of LC.RESULTS： In patients 〈 30 years old, there were no significant predictors for development of LC. However, in patients ≥ 30 years old, genotype C was the only significant predictor. In the genotype C group, 8 of 12 patients who progressed to LC were 30-49 years old at initial diagnosis of chronic hepatitis （7 patients were positive for HBeAg）. In the genotype B group, 4 of 8 patients who developed LC were ≥50 years old at initial diagnosis and were HBeAg-negative.CONCLUSION： The rate of development of LC was comparable in patients infected with genotypes B and C when CH-B occurred at 〈 30 years old. However, CH-B patients infected with genotype C showed poor prognosis if they were 30-49 years old and were positive for HBeAg. Age-specific natural course of CH-B should be considered when patients with CH-B are treated with antiviral drugs.

关键词： Hepatitis B, chronic Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B e antigen Genotypes Molecular epidemiology

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