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Assessment of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in primary tumors and paired lymph node metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 883-893页

作者： Brendha Cação Coimbra Marina Alessandra Pereira Leonardo Cardili Venancio Avancini Ferreira Alves Evandro Sobroza de Mello Ulysses Ribeiro Jr Marcus Fernando kodama Pertille Ramos Department of Gastroenterology Instituto do CancerHospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246000Brazil Department of Pathology Instituto do CancerHospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246000Brazil

BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)immuno-therapy has demonstrated promising results on gastric cancer(GC).However,PD-L1 can express differently between metastatic sites and primary tumors(PT).AIM To compare PD-L1 status in PT and matched lymph node metastases(LNM)of GC patients and to determine the correlation between the PD-L1 status and clinicopathological *** We retrospectively reviewed 284 GC patients who underwent ***-L1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry(clone SP142)using the com-bined positive *** PD-L1+PT staged as pN+were also tested for PD-L1 expression in their ***-L1(-)GC with pN+served as the comparison *** Among 284 GC patients included,45 had PD-L1+PT and 24 of them had pN+.For comparison,44 PD-L1(-)cases with pN+were included(sample loss of 4 cases).Of the PD-L1+PT,54.2%(13/24 cases)were also PD-L1+in the *** PD-L1(-)PT,9.1%(4/44)had PD-L1+in the *** agreement between PT and LNM had a kappa value of *** tumor size and moderate/severe peritumoral inflammatory response were associated with PD-L1 positivity in both *** was no statistical difference in overall survival for PT and LNM according to the PD-L1 status(P=0.166 and P=0.837,respectively).CONCLUSION Intra-patient heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression was observed between the PT and matched *** disagreement in PD-L1 status may emphasize the importance of considering different tumor sites for analyses to select patients for immunotherapy.

关键词： Gastric cancer Lymph node Programmed death ligand 1 Stomach neoplasms Immunohistochemistry Metastasis

Using eye drops in compliance may improve the symptoms and quality of life in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: analysis of a two-season web survey

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第6期16卷 988-991页

作者： Asako kodama Dogru Murat hiroshi Fujishima Kazumi Fukagawa Department of Ophthalmology Eiju General HospitalTokyo 110-8645Japan Department of Ophthalmology Tsurumi University School of Dental MedicineKanagawa 230-0063Japan Ryogoku Eye Clinic Tokyo 130-0062Japan

Dear Editor,Allergic conjunctivitis is the most common ocular surface allergic disease, affecting more than 30% of the population[1-2]. In the immediate phase of the allergic reactions(type Ⅰ) in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis(SAC), the binding of antigen with the reaginic antibody leads to the formation and release of chemical mediators, such as histamines, in the local anaphylactic reaction[3].

关键词： allergic patients seasonal

A Case of Warthin’s Tumor Together with IgG4-Related Sialadenitis

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Open Journal of Pathology 2024年第3期14卷 81-89页

作者： Ryogo Aoki Risa Ito Asuka Ohashi Riyoko Niwa Masashi Matsuyama Sachiko Oka Naomi Kawaguchi Toshimasa Sakakima Daichi kodama Naoki Watanabe Daisuke Okamoto Takafumi Naiki Takuji Tanaka Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP) Gifu Municipal Hospital Gifu Japan Department of Central Clinical Laboratory Gifu Municipal Hospital Gifu Japan Department of Hematology Gifu Municipal Hospital Gifu Japan

Warthin’s tumor is the second most frequent neoplasm next to pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary gland. The tumor contains the epithelial oncocyte cells with the presence of rich-mitochondria and their surrounding abundant lymphocytes. A relatively new disease entity of IgG4-related disease frequently occurs in the salivary gland. However, the coexistence of Warthin’s tumor and IgG4-related disease is scarcely observed. We have recently experienced a rare case of Warthin’s tumor with IgG4-related sialadenitis. A 51-year-old man presented to our hospital, complaining of a mass with right submandibular tenderness and spontaneous pain. A computed tomography scan of the cervical region revealed a suspicion of lymph node proliferative disease, including malignant lymphoma. Elevated serum levels of IL-2R: 1843 U/ml (reference value 122 - 496 U/ml), IgG: 3430 mg/dl (reference value 861 - 1747 mg/dl), and IgG4: 3140 mg/dl (reference value 11 - 121 mg/dl) were observed. Other laboratory data showed within normal ranges. The cervical tumor was diagnosed as Warthin’s tumor by the findings of fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy examination. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous IgG4- and IgG-positive cells with fibrosis surrounding the epithelial component of Warthin’s tumor, suggesting IgG4-rerated sialadenitis. Finally, we diagnosed the cervical tumor as Warthin tumor with IgG4-related sialadenitis. This is the second report describing a case of Warthin’s tumor with possible involvement of IgG4-related sialadenitis.

关键词： Warthin’s Tumor Sialadenitis IgG4-Related Disease Immunohistochemistry

Developing Spline Based Overset Grid Assembling Approach and Application to Unsteady Flow Around a Moving Body

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2016年第9期6卷 339-347页

作者： hiroshi Kobayashi Yoshiaki kodama National Maritime Research Institute 6-38-1 Mitaka Tokyo 181-0004 Japan kodama Fluid Dynamics Design Office Yurinoki St. 1-4-2 Akashi Hyogo 674-0068 Japan

Overset or Chimera grid approach is one of methods to cope with complex geometries. A spline based overset grid assembling system has been developed. The system is based on structured grid approach and covers comprehensive features for overset assembling, i.e., grid generation, grid modification, and computing Domain Connectivity Information （DCI） for overset interpolation. Ferguson spline curve is used to compute curves through grid points and cell centers for trimming grids and computing DCI robustly and accurately. Flow simulation around Kriso Container Ship （KCS） with jointed grids shows good continuity of flow field between the grids. The overset grid assembling is enhanced to unsteady problem as dynamic overset approach coupled with a solver which also has been developed in National Maritime Research Institute, Japan. Computed results for pitchup spheroid are compared with measured data and show good agreement in unsteady force acting on the spheroid. It is confirmed that the system has capability to simulate flow field around jointed grids and unsteady flow with dynamic overset assembling approach practically.

关键词： Overset Assembling Dynamic Overset Unsteady Flow

Clinical features and prognosis of patients with extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第3期13卷 414-420页

作者： Kiminori Uka hiroshi Aikata Shintaro Takaki Hiroo Shirakawa Soo Cheol Jeong Keitaro Yamashina Akira Hiramatsu Hideaki kodama Shoichi Takahashi Kazuaki Chayama Department of Medicine and Molecular Science Division of Frontier Medical Science Programs for Biomedical Research Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

AIM: To assess the clinical features and prognosis of 151 patients with extrahepatic metastases from primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and describe the treatment strategy for such patients. METHODS: After the diagnosis of HCC, all 995 consecutive HCC patients were followed up at regular intervals and 151 (15.2%) patients were found to have extrahepatic metastases at the initial diagnosis of primary HCC or developed such tumors during the follow-up period. We assessed their clinical features, prognosis, and treatment strategies. RESULTS: The most frequent site of extrahepatic metastases was the lungs (47%), followed by lymph nodes (45%), bones (37%), and adrenal glands (12%). The cumulative survival rates after the initial diagnosis of extrahepatic metastases at 6, 12, 24, and 36 mo were 44.1%, 21.7%, 14.2%, 7.1%, respectively. The median survival time was 4.9 mo (range, 0-37 mo). Fourteen patients (11%) died of extrahepatic HCC, others died of primary HCC or liver failure. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of HCC patients with extrahepatic metastases is poor. With regard to the cause of death, many patients would die of intrahepatic HCC and few of extrahepatic metastases. Although most of HCC patients with extrahepatic metastases should undergo treatment for the primary HCC mainly, treatment of extrahepatic metastases in selected HCC patients who have good hepatic reserve, intrahepatictumor stage (T0-T2), and are free of portal venous invasion may improve survival.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Extrahepatic metastases Prognosis Causes of death

Whole-exome sequencing for a more accurate diagnosis of intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 618-621页

作者： Tomoaki Matsumori Norimitsu Uza Nobuyuki Kakiuchi Toshihiro Morita Yoshihiro Nishikawa Masahiro Shiokawa Kojiro Taura Yuzo kodama hiroshi Seno Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Phathology and Tumor Biology Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Graduate school of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Gastroenterology Kobe UniversityKobeJapan

Introduction According to the World Health Organization(WHO,2018),intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct(IPNB)are characterized as polypoid masses in dilated bile ducts;additionally,invasive IPNB occasionally presents with a nodular surface or mass formation[1,2].The IPNB diagnostic criteria are,however,often ambiguous,*** IPNB is considered a type of cancer and whether it must have mucus production are debatable[3].Therefore,establishing new IPNB diagnostic criteria based on an alternative approach,such as whole-exome sequencing,is ***,we present a case of IPNB with atypical features on which we performed a detailed genetic analysis to determine the genetic,morphological,and histological features of IPNB in this case.

关键词： neoplasms bile diagnosis

Improvement in the information-oriented construction of temporary soil-retaining walls using sparse modeling

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Underground Space 2019年第3期4卷 210-224页

作者： Yu Otake Shinnosuke kodama Shinya Watanabe Niigata University Japan

This fundamental study investigates how“super-resolution”technology based on sparse modeling,which has attracted attention in various fields,can be applied to the information-oriented construction of temporary soil-retaining *** machine learning process adopted here is based on the analytical results of numerical computations that involve many preliminary assumptions related to soilretaining walls,rather than the collection of images utilized in the image reconstruction ***,bases for vectors related to the displacement of retaining walls are generated using efficient inverse analysis and“super-resolution”processing from sparse amounts of physical observation *** purpose is to improve the properties of the inverse problem by artificial interpolation based on numerical *** has been shown that the inverse analysis related to the displacement of retaining walls can be performed efficiently and that highly accurate predictions can be achieved even with limited physical *** general,the inverse analysis of retaining walls is an ill-posed ***,if the number of apparent observations reconverted by“super-resolution”technology exceeds the number of unknown parameters,then the displacement distribution of a retaining wall can be estimated *** original idea is to break down the inverse problem into two separate problems by addressing the earth pressure distribution acting on the retaining *** makes it possible to identify the part to which the nonlinear inverse problem can be applied and to facilitate the efficient estimation and interpretation of the results.

关键词： Information-oriented construction Temporary soil-retaining wall Super-resolution Sparse modeling

Latest insights into the effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2713-2720页

作者： Kazunari Murakami Masaaki kodama Toshio Fujioka Department of Gastroenterology Oita University Faculty of Medicine OitaJapan

There appears to be the strong association between Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） and gastric cancer. We reviewed the latest evidences about the effects of H pylori infection on gastric carcinogenesis, classified into epidemiology, dynamics of gastric mucosal changes, DNA damages, virulence factors, host factors, and source of gastric malignancy. Through the considerable progress made in research into virulence factors resulting from differences between Hpylori strains, such as cagA positivity, as well as into host factors, such as gene polymorphisms, a diverse spectrum of H pyloriassociated diseases, including gastric cancer, is beginning to lend itself to elucidation. The impact of the novel hypothesis advanced by Houghton et al proposing bonemarrow derived stem cells （BMDC） as a potential source of gastric malignancy on evolving research remains to be seen with interest. Further progress in research into H pylori eradication as a viable prophylaxis of gastric cancer, as well as into the mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis, is to be eagerly awaited for the current year and beyond.

关键词： Helicobacterpylori Gastric cancer Carcinogenesis CagA Intestinal metaplasia

WWW Business Applications Based on the Cellular Model

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第2期23卷 176-187页

作者： Toshio kodama Tosivasu L.Kunii Yoichi Seki Venture Business Department Maeda Corporation2-10-26 FujimiChiyoda-kuTokyo 102-0071Japan Morpho Inc.The University of TokyoEntrepreneur Plaza 5F 7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033Japan Software Consultant 3-8-2 SakaemachiHino CityTokyo 191-0001Japan

A cellular model based on the Incrementally Modular Abstraction Hierarchy （IMAH） is a novel model that can represent the architecture of and changes in cyberworlds, preserving invariants from a general level to a specific one. We have developed a data processing system called the Cellular Data System （CDS）. In the development of business applications, you can prevent combinatorial explosion in the process of business design and testing by using CDS. In this paper, we have first designed and implemented wide-use algebra on the presentation level. Next, we have developed and verified the effectiveness of two general business applications using CDS： 1） a customer information management system, and 2） an estimate system.

关键词： cyberworlds incrementally modular abstraction hierarchy formula expression topological space adjunction space cellular space presentation level