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Mid-Infrared Pulsed Laser Lithotripsy with a Tunable Laser Using Difference-Frequency Generation

Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第4期3卷 8-13页

作者： Hisanao Hazama Hiromu Kutsumi Kunio Awazu 1Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka Japan 2Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Osaka Japan 3The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics Osaka University Osaka Japan Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka Japan Graduate School of Medicine Kobe University Kobe Japan

A novel technique of lithotripsy was investigated with a mid-infrared tunable pulsed laser using difference-frequency generation (DFG). Human gallstone samples obtained from 24 patients were analyzed with their infrared absorption spectra. It was found that the principal components of the gallstones were different for the different patients and that the gallstone samples used in this research could be classified into four groups, i.e., mixed stones, calcium bilirubinate stones, cholesterol stones, and calcium carbonate stones. In addition, some gallstone samples had different compositions within the single stone. The mid-infrared laser tunable within a wavelength range of 5.5 - 10 μm was irradiated to the cholesterol stones at two different wavelengths of 6.83 and 6.03 μm, where the cholesterol stones had relatively strong and weak absorption peaks, respectively. As the result, the cholesterol stones were more efficiently ablated at the wavelength of 6.83 μm with the strong absorption peak. Therefore, it is suggested that the gallstones could be efficiently ablated by tuning the wavelength of the laser to the strong absorption peak of the gallstones. The higher efficiency of the ablation using the characteristic absorption peaks should lead to the safer treatment without damage to the surrounding normal tissues. In order to identify the composition of the gallstones in the patients, endoscopic and spectroscopic diagnosis using the DFG laser and an optical fiber probe made with two hollow optical fibers and a diamond attenuation total reflection prism should be useful. The absorption spectrum of the gallstones in the patients could be measured by measuring the energy of the DFG laser transmitted through the optical fiber probe and by scanning the wavelength of the DFG laser.

关键词： Gallstone Lithotripsy Mid-Infrared Tunable Laser Difference-Frequency Generation

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Factors associated with residual gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms in patients receiving proton pump inhibitor maintenance therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 2060-2067页

作者： Fumiaki Kawara Tsuyoshi Fujita Yoshinori Morita Atsushi Uda Atsuhiro Masuda Masaya Saito Makoto Ooi Tsukasa Ishida Yasuyuki Kondo Shiei Yoshida Tatsuya Okuno Yoshihiko Yano Masaru Yoshida Hiromu Kutsumi Takanobu Hayakumo Kazuhiko Yamashita Takeshi Hirano Midori Hirai Takeshi Azuma Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Pharmacy Kobe University Hospital

AIM To elucidate the factors associated with residual gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) symptoms in patients receiving proton pump inhibitor(PPI) maintenance therapy in clinical practice.METHODS The study included 39 GERD patients receiving maintenance PPI therapy. Residual symptoms were assessed using the Frequency Scale for Symptoms of GERD(FSSG) questionnaire and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale(GSRS). The relationships between the FSSG score and patient background factors, including the CYP2C19 genotype, were analyzed.RESULTS The FSSG scores ranged from 1 to 28 points(median score: 7.5 points), and 19 patients(48.7%) had a score of 8 points or more. The patients' GSRS scores were significantly correlated with their FSSG scores(correlation coefficient = 0.47, P < 0.005). In erosive esophagitis patients, the FSSG scores of the CYP2C19 rapid metabolizers(RMs) were significantly higher than the scores of the poor metabolizers and intermediate metabolizers(total scores: 16.7 ± 8.6 vs 7.8 ± 5.4, P < 0.05; acid reflux-related symptom scores: 12 ± 1.9 vs 2.5 ± 0.8, P < 0.005). In contrast, the FSSG scores of the CYP2C19 RMs in the non-erosive reflux disease patients were significantly lower than those of the other patients(total scores: 5.5 ± 1.0 vs 11.8 ± 6.3, P < 0.05; dysmotility symptom-related scores: 1.0 ± 0.4 vs 6.0 ± 0.8, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Approximately half of the GERD patients receiving maintenance PPI therapy had residual symptoms associated with a lower quality of life, and the CYP2C19 genotype appeared to be associated with these residual symptoms.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease CYP2C19 FSSG Residual symptoms Proton pump inhibitor

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A combination of tides and nontidal variations in ocean bottom pressure may generate interannual slip fluctuations in the transition zone along a subduction plate interface

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第1期14卷 43-51页

作者： Yoshiyuki Tanaka hiromu Sakaue Masayuki Kano Suguru Yabe Department of Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Graduate School of Science Tohoku University6-3Aramaki-aza-aobaAoba-kuSendai980-8578Japan Geological Survey of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)Tsukuba Central 71-1-1 HigashiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8567Japan

The tidal triggering of earthquakes has been studied for many years.The discovery of slow earthquakes in the early 2000s,including slow slip,has urged scientists to investigate the tidal responses of these earthquakes due to their sensitivity to weak stress perturbations.Previous studies have shown that slow earthquakes correlate with diurnal and semidiurnal tides and seasonal variations in surface loads more clearly than ordinary earthquakes.However,little is known about long-term responses to external stresses.In this paper,based on a widely accepted frictional law for faults,a mechanism is proposed by which nontidal variations in ocean bottom pressure,when combined with tides,pro mote the occurrence of slow earthquakes.Because slow earthquakes accompany a slip on the plate interface,this mechanism allows one to estimate slip modulations.A one-degree-of-freedom slip model is constructed and applied to Ise Bay in the Tonankai region of southwestern Japan,where large-scale ocean mass redistributions have occurred.The model calculated with parameters determined from the observation of tectonic tremors is quantitatively consistent with the slip during 1997-2013 inferred from GNSS data,suggesting that the decrease in the sea-level change in approximately 2006 could cause the accele ration of a slip observed after that.This result implies that the decreases in sea level in approximately 1996 and 2014 could also cause subsequent slip accelerations.These three slip acceleration periods temporally coincide with the increases in background seismicity in a shallower portion of the plate interface.These changes in seismicity are common to shallow earthquakes in the Tokai area,and a similar model can reproduce them.Further studies are expected to reveal causality between shallow earthquakes and long-term slip fluctuations based on modeling that considers changes in the frictional property along the plate interface.

关键词： Tides Ocean bottom pressure Slow earthquake Seismicity Kuroshio current

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Challenges for a reduced inertia power system due to the large-scale integration of renewable energy

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Global Energy Interconnection 2022年第3期5卷 266-273页

作者： hiromu Hamada Yoshitaka Kusayanagi Masamoto Tatematsu Masayuki Watanabe Hiroshi Kikusato Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc.4-1Egasaki-choTsurumi-kuYokohama230-8510KanagawaJapan Kansai Electric Power Company Inc.3-11-20NakojiAmagasaki661-0974 HyogoJapan Kyushu Institute of Technology 1-1 Sensui-choTobata-kuKitakyushuFukuoka 804-8550Japan Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute AIST(FREA)2-2-9 MachiikedaiKoriyama963-0298 FukushimaJapan

This paper reports on the status of technology development under a national project launched in 2019 to address the problem of decreased system inertia associated with the large-scale integration of renewable energy.The project comprises two parts:the development of a system inertia observation technology using a continuous monitoring system to observe inertia and development of an inverter equipped with a function to provide virtual inertia as a countermeasure device.Utilizing both these efforts,the project aims to facilitate the introduction of renewable energy in the future with minimum restrictions.It was confirmed that the trend of inertia observed with the developed method was generally the same as that of the total inertia of synchronous machines observed by an electric utility.The effectiveness of the countermeasure device in reducing the frequency swing during a disturbance was confirmed through evaluation tests.

关键词： Renewable energy System inertia Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) Inverter

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Downregulation of Rice DWARF 14 LIKE Suppress Mesocotyl Elongation via a Strigolactone Independent Pathway in the Dark

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第3期42卷 119-124页

作者： hiromu Kameoka Junko Kyozuka Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo

Strigolactones （SLs） are a class of plant hormones that control plant development in response to environmental conditions. In rice, mesocotyl elongation is regulated by SLs in the dark, while mesocotyls are longer in SL deficient or insensitive mutants. SLs are perceived by DWARF14 （D14）, which is a member of a small gene family. In this study, we examined the function of another D14 family gene in rice, D14 LIKE （D14L）, focusing on mesocotyl growth. The mesocotyls of D14L RNAi lines are longer than those of WT in the dark. This phenotype is enhanced when the D14L RNAi lines are combined with the d14 mutation, suggesting that D14 and D14L work independently to inhibit mesocotyl elongation. This phenotype is alleviated by the exogenous supply of GR24, a synthetic SL, suggesting that D14L is not necessary for SL signaling. D14L mRNA is predominantly expressed in vascular bundles and crown root primordia. Our results suggest that D14L and D14 confer their effects via an SL independent pathway and an SL signaling pathway respectively.

关键词： Strigolactone Mesocotyl Rice DWARF 14 （D14） D14 LIKE （D14L） KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 （KAI2）

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Frequency dependence of electron temperature in hollow cathode-type discharge as measured by several different floating probe methods

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第8期20卷 50-57页

作者： Shuichi SATO hiromu KAWANA Tatsushi FUJIMINE Mikio OHUCHI Department of Electronic Engineering Tokyo Denki University

We measured electron temperatures through a hollow cathode-type discharge tube using several different floating probe methods. This method detected a shift in the floating potential when an AC voltage was applied to a probe through an intermediary blocking capacitor. The shift in the floating potential is described as a function of the electron temperature and the applied AC voltage. In this study, the effects of the frequency and waveform on the electron temperatures were systematically investigated. The electron temperature measured when using the floating probe method with applied sinusoidal and triangular voltages was lower than that measured with an applied rectangular voltage.The value in the high frequency range was close to that of the tail electron temperature.

关键词： electrostatic probe Langmuir probe floating potential electron temperature sheath

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Intelligent Winding Machine of Plastic Films for Preventing Both Wrinkles and Slippages

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2016年第1期6卷 20-31页

作者： hiromu Hashimoto Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka City Japan

Flexible continuous plastic films are used to produce various products, including optical films and packaging materials, because plastic film is suited to use in mass production manufacturing processes. Generally, the web handling process is applied to convey the plastic film, which is ultimately rewound into a roll using a rewinder. In this case, wrinkles, slippage and other defects may occur if the rewinding conditions are inadequate. In this paper, the authors explain the development of a rewinder system that prevents wound roll defects—primarily starring and telescoping. The system is able to prevent such defects by optimizing the rewinding conditions of tension and nip-load. Based on the optimum design technique, the tension and nip-load are calculated using a 32-bit personal computer. Our experiments have also empirically shown that this rewinder system can prevent roll defects when applying optimized tension and nip-load. Additionally, inexperienced operators can control this system easily.

关键词： Winding Machine Mechanics Tension Control Optimization

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Molecule/Semiconductor Hybrid Materials for Visible-Light CO_(2) Reduction:Design Principles and Interfacial Engineering

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第6期2卷 458-470页

作者： Akinobu Nakada hiromu Kumagai Marc Robert Osamu Ishitani Kazuhiko Maeda Department of Chemistry School of ScienceTokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo 152-8550Japan Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology(PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)KawaguchiSaitama 332-0012Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityBunkyo-kuTokyo 112-8551Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University2-1-1 KatahiraAoba-kuSendai 980-8577Japan Universitéde Paris Laboratoire d’Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRSF75006 ParisFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) F-75005 ParisFrance

CONSPECTUS:Because of increasing concerns over the depletion of energy sources and the concomitant increase in CO_(2)emissions,much attention has been devoted to carbon capture and utilization technologies.Among the various methods and schemes proposed,visible-light-driven CO_(2)reduction in combination with water oxidation,one of the representative models of artificial photosynthesis,is an attractive solution because it enables abundant water and inexhaustible solar energy to be used to produce value-added chemicals.Molecular metal complexes and semiconductors are promising candidates for photocatalysts that can reduce CO_(2)to CO,formate,formaldehyde,or other hydrocarbons.Although both molecular metal complexes and semiconductors have strengths and weaknesses,their weaknesses(low oxidation ability and low selectivity for reduction reactions)can be overcome via the construction of a suitable molecule/semiconductor hybrid material.However,facilitating electron transfer at the molecule/semiconductor junction while suppressing unfavorable back electron transfer events is challenging.Consequently,the number of molecule/semiconductor hybrid systems that show a reasonable level of visible-light photocatalytic activity is limited,despite the development of a large number of visible-light-driven semiconductors and molecular photocatalysts(or catalysts).In this Account,we describe our approaches to developing hybrid photocatalysts and photoelectrodes for CO_(2)reduction.We have been developing both molecular(photo)catalysts and semiconductor photocatalysts individually,the latter of which are also designed for visible-light water splitting.For example,supramolecular photocatalysts that possess both photosensitizer and catalyst units in a single molecule can reduce CO_(2)to formate or CO in a homogeneous system,with high selectivity toward the desired product and high quantum yields of several tens of percent.However,nonoxide semiconductors such as C/N-based polymers and mixed-anion compounds exhibit a strong photooxidati

关键词： visible selectivity Visible

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Influence of Microstructures on Aerodynamic Characteristics for Dragonfly Wing in Gliding Flight

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 423-431页

作者： Sheng Zhang Masayuki Ochiai Yuta Sunami hiromu Hashimoto Micro/Nano Technology Center Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname Hiratsuka-city Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname Hiratsuka-city Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan

In this paper, the functionalities of microstructures for dragonfly wing during gliding flight are investigated. Three dragonfly-mimic airfoil-shaped wings with hybrid structures were designed and fabricated as: flat wing, zigzag-edged wing and zigzag-edged wing with pillar structure. Based on the wind tunnel experiments, the zigzag-edged wing structure significantly reduces the drag force in the gliding flight. Moreover, the drag reduction is more effective on the combination of the surface pillar and zigzag-edged structure. In addition, the zigzag-edged wing structure has less influence of Karman vortex street, and the surface pillars reduce the frictional drag and stabilized the streamline in the lower vortex region. Overall, the microstructure of the dragonfly wing is an important element in the aerodynamic study. These findings can enhance the knowledge of insect-mimic wing structure and facilitate the application of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) in the gliding flight.

关键词： dragonfly wing vein structure aerodynamics gliding biomimetics

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Robust Optimum Design of Thrust Hydrodynamic Bearings for Hard Disk Drives

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第10期3卷 1368-1379页

作者： hiromu Hashimoto Yuta Sunami Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan

This paper describes the robust optimum design which combines the geometrical optimization method proposed by Hashimoto and statistical method. Recently, 2.5″ hard disk drives (HDDs) are widely used for mobile devices such as laptops, video cameras and car navigation systems. In mobile applications, high durability towards external vibrations and shocks are essentials to the bearings of HDD spindle motor. In addition, the bearing characteristics are influenced by manufacturing error because of small size of the bearings of HDD. In this paper, the geometrical optimization is carried out to maximize the bearing stiffness using sequential quadratic programming to improve vibration characteristics. Additionally, the bearing stiffness is analyzed considering dimensional tolerance of the bearing using statistical method. The dimensional tolerance is assumed to distribute according to the Gaussian distribution, and then the bearing stiffness is estimated by combining the expectation and standard deviation. As a result, in the robust optimum design, new groove geometry of bearing can be obtained in which the bearing stiffness is four times higher than the stiffness of conventional spiral groove bearing. Moreover, the bearing has lower variability compared with the result of optimum design neglecting dimensional tolerance.

关键词： Robust Optimum Design Hard Disk Drive Hydrodynamic Bearing Tolerance Statistical Method

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