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Real impact of tumor marker AFP and PIVKA-II in detecting very small hepatocellular carcinoma(≤2 cm,Barcelona stage 0)-assessment with large number of cases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第11期12卷 1046-1054页

作者： Kazuo Tarao Akito Nozaki hirokazu komatsu Tatsuji komatsu Masataka Taguri Katsuaki Tanaka Makoto Chuma Kazushi Numata Shin Maeda Department of Gastroenterology Tarao’s Gastroenterological ClinicYokohama 241-0821Japan Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama 232-0024Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s HospitalYokohama 221-0855Japan Department of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical CenterYokohama 245-8575Japan Department of Data Science Yokohama City University School of Data ScienceYokohama 236-0004Japan Department of Gastroenterology Hadano Red Cross HospitalKanagawa 221-0045Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),detection and treatment prior to growth beyond 2 cm are relevant as a larger tumor size is more frequently associated with microvascular invasion and/or *** To examine the impact of the tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)or PIVKA-II in detecting very small HCC nodules(≤2 cm in maximum diameter,Barcelona stage 0)in the large number of very small *** difference in the behavior of these tumor markers in HCC development was also *** A total of 933 patients with single-nodule HCC were *** were subdivided into 394 patients with HCC nodules≤2 cm in maximum diameter and 539 patients whose nodules were>2 *** rates of patients whose AFP and PIVKA-II showed normal values were *** The positive ratio of the marker PIVKA-II was significantly different(P2 cm,but there was no significant difference in AFP(P=0.4254).In the patients whose tumor was≤2 cm,50.5%showed normal levels in AFP and 68.8%showed normal levels in *** 36.4%of those patients,both AFP and PIVKA-II showed normal *** PIVKA-II-positive ratio was markedly increased with an increase in the tumor *** contrast,the positivity in AFP was increased gradually and *** In the surveillance of very small HCC nodules(≤2 cm in diameter,Barcelona clinical stage 0)the tumor markers AFP and PIVKA-II are not so useful.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma AFP PIVKA-II Barcelona clinical stage Tumor markers

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Efficacy and safety of dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir in elderly patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第11期9卷 544-550页

作者： Kazuo Tarao Katsuaki Tanaka Akito Nozaki Akira Sato Toshiya Ishii hirokazu komatsu Takaaki Ikeda Tatsuji komatsu Shozo Matsushima Kenji Oshige Tarao’s Gastroenterological Clinic Gastroenterological Center Medical Center Yokohama City University Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine St. Marianna University Yokohama City Seibu Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Yokosuka General Hospital Uwamachi Department of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center Yokohama National University Center for Health Service Sciences

To survey the efficacy and safety of dual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir in the elderly hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients multicentricity. METHODSInterferon-ineligible/intolerant patients and non-responders to previous pegylated-interferon/ribavirin therapy with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection were enrolled. Child B, C cirrhotic patients were excluded. Patients received oral direct acting antiviral treatment consisting of 60 mg daclatasvir once daily plus 200 mg asunaprevir twice daily for 24 wk. We divided the patients into two groups of 56 elderly patients (≥ 75 years-old) and 141 non-elderly patients (24). In the former, 1.8% experienced viral breakthrough, as compared with 3.5% in the latter (not significant). Adverse events occurred in 55.4% of the former and 56.0% of the latter. In the former, 7 cases (12.5%) were discontinued due to adverse events, and in the latter 9 cases were discontinued (6.4%, not significant). CONCLUSIONDual therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir achieved the same high rates of SVR24 in HCV elderly patients without more adverse events than in the non-elderly patients.

关键词： Asunaprevir Chronic hepatitis Daclatasvir Dual oral therapy Elderly patients Hepatitis C virus infection Hepatitis C virus Liver cirrhosis

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Comparison of unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in detecting very small hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第6期13卷 699-708页

作者： Kazuo Tarao Akito Nozaki hirokazu komatsu Tatsuji komatsu Masataka Taguri Katsuaki Tanaka Testuo Yoshida Hideki Koyasu Makoto Chuma Kazushi Numata Shin Maeda Tarao's Gastroenterological Clinic Yokohama 241-0821Japan Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama 232-0024Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama Municipal Citizen's HospitalYokohama 240-0855Japan Department of Clinical Research National Hospital OrganizationYokohama Medical CenterYokohama 245-8575Japan Department of Data Science Yokohama City UniversityYokohama 236-0004Japan Department of Gastroenterology Hadano Red Cross HospitalHadano City 257-0017Japan Department of Radiology Ashigarakami HospitalYokohama 258-0003Japan Department of Radiology Koyasu ClinicYokohama 241-0821Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),detection and treatment prior to growth beyond 2 cm are important as a larger tumor size is more frequently associated with microvascular invasion and/or *** the surveillance of very small HCC nodules(≤2 cm in maximum diameter,Barcelona clinical stage 0),we demonstrated that the tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein and PIVKA-Ⅱare not so ***,we must survey with imaging *** superiority of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)over ultrasound(US)to detect HCC was confirmed in many *** enhanced MRI is now performed to accurately diagnose HCC,in conventional clinical practice for HCC surveillance in liver diseases,unenhanced MRI is widely performed throughout the ***,MRI has made marked improvements in recent *** To make a comparison of unenhanced MRI and US in detecting very small HCC that was examined in the last ten years in patients in whom MRI and US examinations were performed nearly *** In 394 patients with very small HCC nodules,those who underwent MRI and US at nearly the same time(on the same day whenever possible or at least within 14 days of one another)at the first diagnosis of HCC were *** detection rate of HCC with unenhanced MRI was investigated and compared with that of unenhanced *** The sensitivity of unenhanced MRI for detecting very small HCC was 95.1%(97/102,95%confidence interval:90.9-99.3)and that of unenhanced US was 69.6%(71/102,95%confidence interval:60.7-78.5).The sensitivity of unenhanced MRI for detecting very small HCC was significantly higher than that of unenhanced US(P<0.001).Regarding the location of HCC in the liver in patients in whom detection by US was unsuccessful,S7-8 was identified in 51.7%.CONCLUSION Currently,unenhanced MRI is a very useful tool for the surveillance of very small HCC in conventional clinical follow-up practice.

关键词： Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound Surveillance of very small hepatocellular carcinoma Magnetic resonance imaging Ultrasound Unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging

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Difference in incidence of developing hepatocellular carcinoma between hepatitis B virus-and hepatitis C virus-infected patients

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2022年第3期10卷 186-194页

作者： Kazuo Tarao Akito Nozaki hirokazu komatsu Naomi Ideno Tatsuji komatsu Takaaki Ikeda Masataka Taguri Shin Maeda Department of Gastroenterology Tarao's Gastroenterological ClinicYokohama City 241-0821Japan Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohama City 232-0024Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s HospitalYokohama City 2211-0855Japan Department of Clinical Research National Hospital OrganizationYokohama Medical CenterYokohama City 2458575Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokosuka General Hospital UwamachiYokosuka City 238-8567Japan Department of Data Science Yokohama City UniversityYokohamaYokohama City 236-0004Japan Department of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama City 236-0004Japan

BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in hepatitis C virus(HCV)-associated patients is higher than that in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-associated *** reason why this difference in the incidence of HCC occurs in patients with HBV and HCV infections remains *** report the possibility that the contributing power of inflammation,which is the main risk factor for developing HCC,may be different with HBV and HCV *** To investigate this,we surveyed the hazard ratio of inflammation for HCC development which was identified by serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels between patients with HBV and HCV *** The PubMed database was searched(2001-2021)for studies published in English regarding the incidence of HCC identifying 8924 HBV-and 7376 HCV-infected *** these studies,interferon-treated patients with both HBV and HCV infections were ***,in HBV patients,those administered nucleos(t)ide analogues were excluded,and in HCV patients,those administered direct acting antivirals were also *** citing hazard ratios of HCC regarding inflammation(serum elevated alanine aminotransferase levels)were ***,there were 14 studies of HBV-infected patients and 8 studies of HCV-infected *** calculated the hazard ratio in patients in an inflammatory state(serum ALT levels were above the normal range).RESULTS In the 14 studies of HBV patients,the average hazard ratio(HR)of elevated ALT for developing HCC was 2.74[1.98-3.77]and that in the 8 studies of HCV-infected patients was 5.51[3.08-9.83].The HR of inflammation for HCC development in HCV-associated liver diseases is about twice that in HBV-associated liver *** in HCV-infected patients was significantly(P=0.0391)higher than that in HBV-infected *** hepatitis B patients,the abnormal range adopted was 28-45 IU/L,and in hepatitis C patients,it was 20-50 IU/*** was demonstrated that the

关键词： Hazard ratio of alanine aminotransferase Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Elevated alanine aminotransferase

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An interactive approach to investigate brightness perception of daylighting in Immersive Virtual Environments:Comparing subjective responses and quantitative metrics

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Building Simulation 2022年第1期15卷 41-68页

作者： Muhammad Hegazy Kensuke Yasufuku hirokazu Abe Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversityYamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka567-0047Japan Cybermedia Center Osaka UniversityJapan

Daylighting plays an eminent role in the performance of indoor environments and their occupants,thus necessitating the need to investigate daylight perception of potential occupants at early design *** present study introduces an interactive approach to collect and visualize brightness perception of daylighting in a large-scale immersive virtual environment using a game engine as a daylight simulation *** developed system allows users to explore building models freely at different day times set in virtual reality and report their perceptions in real *** a validation study(N=36)to investigate the consistency of brightness perceptions in a real environment and its virtual replica,a set of 24 participants were recruited to use the system to report their brightness perception in a virtual model of a daylit art museum,through snapshotting the scenes where they perceive as one of the following in terms of daylighting:(very dark,dark,bright,or very bright).Using an output of 419 snapshots,a"Perceptual Light Map"(PLM)was developed to visualize the collective brightness perception of participants as a heat *** responses were found to be positively correlated with four daylight metrics,with the highest correlation to mean luminance and the lowest to luminance *** findings of this exploratory study represent a step towards a user-oriented supplement tool to the existing quantitative daylight metrics,validating game engines’adequacy as a daylight simulation tool,and illustrating the potentials of immersion and interaction principles for the perception of daylit spaces in virtual reality.

关键词： immersive virtual environment daylighting game engine human perception mean luminance

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Shortening of alkaline DNA unwinding time does not interfere with detecting DNA damage to mouse and human spermatozoa in the comet assay

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 172-174页

作者： hirokazu Kusakabe Hiroyuki Tateno Department of Biological Sciences Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa 078-8510 Japan

The comet assay was performed on mouse and human spermatozoa to examine the effect of alkaline DNA unwinding time. The spermatozoa were treated in vitrowith the DNA-damaging agents, methyl methanesulfonate （MMS） or hydrogen peroxide （Hz02）, and then embedded in agarose gel on glass sl ides. The slides were immersed in alkaline solution （〉pH 13） for 1, 5, 10 and 20 min, and then subjected to the electrophoresis under neutral conditions. In mouse spermatozoa, comet tails seen in solvent controls became brighter and longer as the alkaline DNA unwinding time increased. However, in the MMS-treated mouse spermatozoa, a smaller difference in the damage from that in the solvent control was seen with time within a dose. DNA damage induced by H2O2 could also be detected accurately after alkali treatment for 1-20 min. In human spermatozoa, DNA damage induced by MMS and H2O2 could be detected in a dose-dependent manner after alkali treatment for 1 min. The ability of the comet assay to detect DNA damage was not adversely affected by the short period （1 min） of the alkaline DNA unwinding time.

关键词： alkaline comet assay DNA unwinding human mice spermatozoa

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Deformation behaviors of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet in cold deep drawing

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第1期18卷 86-91页

作者：杨连发 MORI Ken-ichiro TSUJI hirokazu School of Electromechnical Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Department of Production Systems Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology

To investigate how the popular magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet(aluminum 3%,zinc 1%)behaves in cold working,deep drawing experiments at room temperature,along with finite element(FE)simulation,were performed on the cold forming sheet of the AZ31 alloy after being annealed under various *** activities were focused on the fracture pattern,limit drawing ratio(LDR),deformation load,thickness distribution,anisotropic effect,as well as the influences of the annealing conditions and tool configuration on *** results display that punch shoulder radius instead of die clearance,has much influence on the thickness *** anisotropy is remarkable in cold working,which adversely impacts the *** fracture often happens on the side wall at an angle to axis of the deformed *** results also imply that the LDR for the material under present experimental conditions is 1.72,and annealing the material at 450 ℃ for 1 h may be preferable for the cold deep drawing.

关键词： AZ31镁合金冷压制各向异性有限元素模拟

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Expression pattern of leptin and leptin receptor (OB-R) in human gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5517-5522页

作者： Makoto Ishikawa Joji Kitayama hirokazu Nagawa Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology theUniversity of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8655Japan

AIM: To examine the expression of leptin and its receptor, OB-R, in normal gastric mucosa and neoplasia. METHODS: By immunohistochemical staining using specifi c antibodies, we evaluated the expression of leptin and OB-R in 207 gastric carcinomas (100 early and 107 advanced carcinomas) and analyzed their relationship with clinicopathological features. RESULTS: Both normal gastric epithelium and carci- noma cells expressed a significant level of leptin. In cases with OB-R staining, carcinoma cells showed OB-R- positive expression, but the intensity was weaker than that in normal mucosa. The expression of OB-R showed a signifi cant correlation with the level of leptin expres- sion. The expression levels of both leptin and OB-R tend- ed to increase as the depth of tumor invasion or TMN stage increased (P < 0.01). Lymph node metastasis was detected in 49.5% (47/95) of leptin-strong cases and in 50.5% (48/95) of OB-R-positive cases, and the rate was 33% (37/112) in leptin-weak cases and 17% (19/112) in OB-R-negative cases. Both venous and lymphatic inva- sion also tended to be observed frequently in positive tumors as compared with negative tumors. Interestingly, in the 96 leptin- or OB-R-positive tumors, hematogenous metastasis was detected preoperatively in 3 (3.1%) pa- tients. In contrast, none of the carcinomas that lacked expression of leptin and OB-R showed hematogenous metastasis. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of leptin and expres- sion of OB-R may play a positive role in the process of progression in gastric cancer. Functional upregulation of leptin/OB-R may have a positive role in the development and initial phase of progression in gastric cancer.

关键词： Leptin OB-R Gastric cancer

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Factors Impacting Participatory Post‑Disaster Relocation and Housing Reconstruction:The Case of Tsholotsho District,Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 58-72页

作者： Nombulelo Kitsepile Ngulube hirokazu Tatano Subhajyoti Samaddar Department of Social Informatics Graduate School of InformaticsKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8507Japan Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

Relocation is not typically considered the best planning option for post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation,but it may be necessary if the site has suffered severe damage or is at imminent *** is a growing recognition that strong community participation is necessary in the post-disaster relocation decision-making process since relocation can have detrimental effects on a community’s livelihood,cultural system,and way of life,among ***,the realization of this still needs to be *** of yet,few studies have examined a comprehensive account of meaningful community engagement in post-disaster relocation and reconstruction,particularly in developing *** study investigated what factors influenced local communities’ participation in post-disaster relocation and reconstruction works after the 2017Cyclone Dineo flood disaster in the Tsholotsho District of *** research methods such as face-to-face interviews,observations,and focus groups were used to collect qualitative data from a purposive sample of 25 community members and 6 *** empirical investigation showed that despite the fact that the relocation project was conceived as a community-centered project,there was no meaningful community engagement,due to the absence of a participatory framework or planning guidelines for stakeholder engagement,as well as the lack of political willingness among government *** study concluded that the lack of community involvement led to local communities abandoning the reconstruction sites because relocation projects failed to accommodate the cultural beliefs,place attachments,and livelihood concerns of local *** study suggested that it is imperative to enhance the awareness of government officials and other stakeholders about the importance of community participation for the effective implementation of post-disaster relocation *** community participation can also provide avenues fo

关键词： Community rehabilitation Housing reconstruction-Participatory relocation Zimbabwe

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A method for estimating the errors in many-light rendering with supersampling

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第2期5卷 151-160页

作者： hirokazu Sakai Kosuke Nabata Shinya Yasuaki Kei Iwasaki Wakayama University WakayamaWakayama640-8510Japan Dwango CG Research KADOKAWA Hongo Bldg.5245 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo1130033Japan

In many-light rendering, a variety of visual and illumination effects, including anti-aliasing,depth of field, volumetric scattering, and subsurface scattering, are combined to create a number of virtual point lights(VPLs). This is done in order to simplify computation of the resulting illumination. Naive approaches that sum the direct illumination from many VPLs are computationally expensive;scalable methods can be computed more efficiently by clustering VPLs, and then estimating their sum by sampling a small number of VPLs. Although significant speed-up has been achieved using scalable methods, clustering leads to uncontrollable errors, resulting in noise in the rendered images. In this paper, we propose a method to improve the estimation accuracy of manylight rendering involving such visual and illumination effects. We demonstrate that our method can improve the estimation accuracy by a factor of 2.3 over the previous method.

关键词： anti-aliasing depth of field many-light rendering participating media

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